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5,448 results for “Neuron”
Fig 2 eYFP closed loop activation controls, in Regulation of REM Sleep by Inhibitory Neurons in the Dorsomedial Medulla
<p>Sleep recording data for closed loop eYFP controls. Associated with Figure 2C,E.</p>
Fig 2 ChR2 closed loop, in Regulation of REM Sleep by Inhibitory Neurons in the Dorsomedial Medulla
<p>Sleep recording data for ChR2 closed loop experiments. Associated with Figure 2C,E.</p>
All code generated for Regulation of REM Sleep by Inhibitory Neurons in the Dorsomedial Medulla
<p>The read_me file text file contains a list of all subfigures and the code used to generate them.</p>
Parallel processing by distinct classes of principal neurons in the olfactory cortex
<p>Understanding how distinct neuron types in a neural circuit process and propagate information is essential for understanding what the circuit does and how it does it. The olfactory (piriform, PCx) cortex contains two main types of principal neurons, semilunar (SL) and pyramidal (PYR) cells. SLs and PYRs have distinct morphologies, local connectivity, biophysical properties, and downstream projection targets. Odor processing in PCx is thought to occur in two sequential stages. First, SLs receive and integrate olfactory bulb input and then PYRs receive, transform, and transmit SL input. To test this model, we recorded from populations of optogenetically identified SLs and PYRs in awake, head-fixed mice. Notably, silencing SLs did not alter PYR odor responses, and SLs and PYRs exhibited differences in odor tuning properties and response discriminability that were consistent with their distinct embeddings within a sensory-associative cortex. Our results therefore suggest that SLs and PYRs form parallel channels for differentially processing odor information in and through PCx.</p>
Serotonin neurons modulate learning rate through uncertainty
<p>Regulating how fast to learn is critical for flexible behavior. Learning about the consequences of actions should be slow in stable environments, but accelerate when that environment changes. Recognizing stability and detecting change is difficult in environments with noisy relationships between actions and outcomes. Under these conditions, theories propose that uncertainty can be used to modulate learning rates ("meta-learning"). We show that mice behaving in a dynamic foraging task exhibit choice behavior that varied as a function of two forms of uncertainty estimated from a meta-learning model. The activity of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons tracked both types of uncertainty in the foraging task, as well as in a dynamic Pavlovian task. Reversible inhibition of serotonin neurons in the foraging task reproduced changes in learning predicted by a simulated lesion of meta-learning in the model. We thus provide a quantitative link between serotonin neuron activity, learning, and decision making.</p>
Dataset related to article Super-resolution study of PIAS SUMO E3-ligases in hippocampal and cortical neurons
<p>Immagini ottenute con la sim e il confocale dei neuroni ippocampali e corticali presenti nelle immagini. Grafici relativi ai coefficenti di localizzazione</p>
Oncogenic BRAF V600E induces glial proliferation through ERK and neuronal death through JNK
<p>Background: Activating V600E in BRAF is a common driver mutation in cancers of multiple tissue origins, including melanoma and glioma. BRAF V600E has also been implicated in neurodegeneration. The present study aims to characterize BRAF V600E on cell death and survival in three major cell types of the CNS: neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Methods : Multiple primary cultures and cell lines of glial cells and neurons were employed. BRAF V600E as well as BRAF WT expression was mediated by lentivirus or retrovirus. Blockage of downstream effectors were achieved by siRNA. Gene expression data from patients with Parkinson’s disease was analyzed. Results : In astrocytes and microglia, BRAF V600E induces cell proliferation, and the proliferative effect in microglia is mediated by activated ERK but not JNK. Conditioned medium from BRAF V600E -expressing microglia induced neuronal cell death. In neuronal cells, BRAF V600E directly induces cell death, through JNK but not ERK. We further show that BRAF-related genes are enriched in pathways in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Conclusions : Our study identifies distinct consequences mediated by distinct downstream effectors in dividing glial cells and in neurons following the same BRAF mutational activation and a causal link between BRAF-activated microglia and neuronal cell death that does not require physical proximity. It provides insight into a possibly important role of BRAF in neurodegeneration as a result of either dysregulated BRAF in neurons or its impact on glial cells.</p>
Structural conversion of α-synuclein at the mitochondria induces neuronal toxicity; Data sets
<p>Lists of data sets included in <strong>"Structural conversion of α-synuclein at the mitochondria induces neuronal toxicity"</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Single-molecule confocal Quantification_Images (SNCA-A53T TIRF Images)</p> <p>TIRF Image Quantification</p> <p>TIRF Emission Data</p> <p>Single Vesicle Emission Data</p> <p>DLS Emission Data</p> <p>CD Measurements</p> <p>Amyloid Fibril TIRFM Emission Data </p> <p>α-Syn WT, A53T, A30P and E46K Confirmatory LCMS </p> <p>SNCA A53T iPSC mutation confirmatory Sanger Sequencing</p> <p>ELISA</p> <p>Immunocytochemistry (MAP2 and TRB1)</p> <p>Pierce BCA Protein Assay</p> <p>Aggregation Assay</p> <p>Copy of Empiar_upload_info (CLEM quantification); metadata spreadsheet for TEM and FIB-SEM Image Quantification</p> <p>Live-cell imaging data</p> <ul> <li>Superoxide Emission Data</li> <li>MitoTracker® Red Emission Data</li> <li>MembranePotentialEmissionData (the same experiment for ' TMRM Emission data')</li> <li>Ca 2+ Emission Data</li> <li>NADH Autofluorescence and Redox Quantification</li> <li>ATP Emission Data</li> <li>mPTP Emission Data</li> <li>Cell Death Emission Data (PI & SYTOX)</li> <li>FRET Emission Data</li> <li>MitoTracker® Red Assay</li> <li>Cell Death Assay</li> </ul>
Data from: Extracellular matrix-associated gene expression in adult sensory neurons cultured on laminin substrates
Background: In our previous investigations of the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in promoting neurite growth we have observed that a permissive laminin (LN) substrate stimulates differential growth responses in subpopulations of mature dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. DRG neurons expressing Trk and p75 receptors grow neurites on a LN substrate in the absence of neurotrophins, while isolectin B4-binding neurons (IB4+) do not display significant growth under the same conditions. We set out to determine whether there was an expression signature of the LN-induced neurite growth phenotype. Using a lectin binding protocol IB4+ neurons were isolated from dissociated DRG neurons, creating two groups - IB4+ and IB4-. A small-scale microarray approach was employed to screen the expression of a panel of ECM-associated genes following dissociation (t=0) and after 24 hr culture on LN (t=24LN). This was followed by qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry of selected genes. Results: The microarray screen showed that 36 of the 144 genes on the arrays were consistently expressed by the neurons. The array analyses showed that six genes had lower expression in the IB4+ neurons compared to the IB4- cells at t=0 (CTSH, Icam1, Itgβ1, Lamb1, Plat, Spp1), and one gene was expressed at higher levels in the IB4+ cells (Plaur). qRT-PCR was carried out as an independent assessment of the array results. There were discrepancies between the two methods, with qRT-PCR confirming the differences in Lamb1, Plat and Plaur, and showing decreased expression of AdamTs1, FN, and Icam in the IB4+ cells at t=0. After 24 hr culture on LN, there were no significant differences detected by qRT-PCR between the IB4+ and IB4- cells. However, both groups showed upregulation of Itgβ1 and Plaur after 24 hr on LN, the IB4+ group also had increased Plat, and the IB4- cells showed decreased Lamb1, Icam1 and AdamTs1. Further, the array screen also detected a number of genes (not subjected to qRT-PCR) expressed similarly by both populations in relatively high levels but not detectably influenced by time in culture (Bsg, Cst3, Ctsb, Ctsd, Ctsl, Mmp14, Mmp19, Sparc. We carried out immunohistochemistry to confirm expression of proteins encoded by a number of these genes. Conclusions:Our results show that 1B4+ and IB4- neurons differ in the expression of several genes that are associated with responsiveness to the ECM prior to culturing (AdamTs1, FN, Icam1, Lamb1, Plat, Plaur). The data suggest that the genes expressed at higher levels in the IB4- neurons could contribute to the initial growth response of these cells in a permissive environment and could also represent a common injury response that subsequently promotes axon regeneration. The differential expression of several extracellular matrix molecules (FN, Lamb1, Icam) may suggest that the IB4- neurons are capable of maintaining /secreting their local extracellular environment which could aid in the regenerative process. Overall, these data provide new information on potential targets that could be manipulated to enhance axonal regeneration in the mature nervous system.
Data set for "A neuronal mechanism for motivational control of behavior"
<p>Acting to achieve goals depends on the ability to motivate specific behaviors based on their predicted consequences given an individual’s internal state. However, the underlying neuronal mechanisms that encode and maintain such specific motivational control of behavior are poorly understood. Here, we used Ca2+ imaging and optogenetic manipulations in the basolateral amygdala of freely moving mice performing non-cued, self-paced instrumental goal-directed actions to receive and consume rewards. We found that distinct neuronal activity patterns sequentially represent the entire action-consumption behavioral sequence. Whereas action-associated patterns integrated the identity, value, and expectancy of pursued goals, consumption-associated patterns reflected the identity and value of experienced outcomes. Thus, the interplay between these patterns allows the maintenance of specific motivational states necessary to adaptively direct behavior toward prospective rewards.</p>
Colocalization and Interaction Study of Neuronal JNK3, JIP1, and -Arrestin2 Together with PSD95
<p>The dataset contains the raw images of the publication.</p>
Effect of 3D Synthetic Microscaffold Nichoid on the Morphology of Cultured Hippocampal Neurons and Astrocytes
<p>The dataset contains the raw data and images of the paper.</p>
Ellipsoid body subset neurons induce pivot behaviour in Drosophila
<p>Many animals maintain certain forms of internal compass. The ellipsoid body in the central complex of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is considered to receive and process multiple signals for orientation and navigation. Here we report the pivot behaviour, where a free moving fly keeps turning near a fixed point upon activation of neurons in the central complex. Using clonal analysis, we narrowed down the responsible neurons to a specific class of ellipsoid body neurons, ER2_c. A trans-synaptic tracing analysis indicated that these neurons are connected downstream to structures estimating head direction in the recent ring attractor model. Together, we identified ER2_c responsible for pivot behaviour, furtherly, our results provided evidence that ring neurons manage inherent directions, which contributed to a deeper picture of ring attractor model.</p>
Human brain with colorful neurons
SciDraw upload
Human brain with colorful neurons
SciDraw upload
Depletion of hypercapnia-responsive neurons in human cerebral- and brainstem-organoids of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
<p>key Rdata for the paper.</p>
Figure 3 from: Polilov AA (2017) First record of Megaphragma (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) in Columbia, and third animal species known to have anucleate neurons. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60: 181-185. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.19907
Figure 3 - Internal morphology of Megaphragma caribea: A scheme of sections, dorsal view B–F sagittal sections, DAPI and autofluorescence; ag – abdominal ganglion, cer – cerebrum, gg1,2,3 – pro-, meso-, and metathoracic ganglion.
Figure 2 from: Polilov AA (2017) First record of Megaphragma (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) in Columbia, and third animal species known to have anucleate neurons. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60: 181-185. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.19907
Figure 2 - Diagnostic characters of Megaphragma caribea, SEM: A head of female B head of male C antennal club, male D antennal club, female E wings F terga of metasoma.
Morphological/WB/ELISA/cell counting data of the paper 'Serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in the dorsal raphe are differentially altered in a mouse model for parkinsonism'
<p>The files contain the data included in Figure 2B, Figure 2C, Figure 4B, Figure 4C, Figure 6B, Figure 6C, Suppl.Fig.4, Suppl. Figure 5, Suppl. Figure 6I, Suppl. Figure 6J.</p>
2D cortical human neuron from ipsc - cultures and electrical activiy based on HD-MEA
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.