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1,989 results for “Fires”
Data from: Ant abundance in pitfall traps across different fire treatments
<p>Fire is a dominant ecological force shaping many faunal communities globally. Fire affects faunaeither directly, such as by killing individuals, or indirectly, such as by modifying vegetation structure. Vegetation structure itself also modulates fire frequency and intensity. As such, faunal responses to fire need to be seen through the lens of variable fire activity and vegetation structure. Here, we incorporate information on fire activity and vegetation structure to enhance an understanding of the response of ants to long-term (17-year) experimental fire treatments in an extremely fire-prone tropical savanna in northern Australia. A previous analysis revealed limited divergence in ant communities after five years of experimental fire treatment. Hence, we first investigated the extent to which ant communities diverged over a subsequent 12 years of treatment. We then assessed the relative contribution of fire treatment, cumulative fire intensity(fire activity) and woody cover to responses of ant species frequency of occurrence, richness and composition. We found that, even after 17 years, fire treatments explained little variation in any ant response variable. In contrast, woody cover was a strong predictor for all of them, while fire activity was a moderate predictor for abundance and richness. Ant species occurrence and richness increased in open habitats receiving higher levels of fire activity, compared with plots with higher vegetation cover experiencing low (or no) fire activity. Moreover, species composition differed between plots with high and low vegetation cover. Our findings provide experimental support to the principle that the effects of fire on fauna are primarily indirect, via its effect on vegetation structure. Furthermore, our results show that a 'uniform' fire regime does not have uniform impacts on the ant fauna, because of variability imposed by interactions between vegetation structure and fire activity. This helps explain why there is often a weak relationship between pyrodiversity and biodiversity, and it lessens the need for active management of pyrodiversity to maintain biodiversity.</p>
Figure 3 in Mammal prevalence after the fire catastrophe in northeastern Pantanal, Brazil
Figure 3. Mammal species detected by camera traps and visual observations in periods before (2015-2017) and after fire (2021-2022) in the Pantanal of SESC Parque Baía das Pedras, Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. (A) Blastocerus dichotomus; (B) Mazama sp.; (C) Pecari tajacu; (D) Tayassu pecari; (E) Cerdocyon thous; (F) Speothos venaticus; (G) Leopardus pardalis; (H) Herpailurus yagouaroundi; (I) Puma concolor; (J) Eira barbara; (K) Lontra longicaudis; (L) Nasua nasua; (M) Procyon cancrivorus; (N) Dasypus noventicus; (O) Priodontes maximus; (P) Didelphis sp.; (Q) Sylvilagus brasiliensis; (R) Tapirus terrestris; (S) Myrmecophaga tridactyla; (T) Tamandua tetradactyla; (U) Sabajus libidinosus; (V) Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; (W) Dasyprocta azarae. Species nomenclature followed the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list of threatened species (IUCN, 2022).
Figure 4 in Mammal prevalence after the fire catastrophe in northeastern Pantanal, Brazil
Figure 4. Number of records of mammals obtained by camera traps before (blue) and after fire (red) in the Pantanal of SESC Parque Baía das Pedras, Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Level of significance: *** p ≤ 0.001; ** p ≤ 0.01; * p ≤ 0.05; black dot: marginal significance level.
Figure 1 in Mammal prevalence after the fire catastrophe in northeastern Pantanal, Brazil
Figure 1. Map of the Pantanal biome in Brazil, showing the study site in Poconé (green), Mato Grosso state.
Data from: Lower jaw modularity in the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) and Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra gigliolii)
<p>Modularity describes the degree to which the components of complex phenotypes vary semi-autonomously due to developmental, genetic, and functional correlations. This is a key feature underlying the potential for evolvability, as it can allow individual components to respond to different selective pressures semi-independently. The vertebrate lower jaw has become a model anatomical system for understanding modularity, but to date, most of this work has focused on the mandible of mammals and other amniotes. In contrast, modularity in the mandible of lissamphibians has been less well-studied. Here, we used geometric morphometrics to quantify the static (intraspecific) modularity patterns in <em>Xenopus laevis</em> and <em>Salamandra salamandra gigliolii.</em> We tested developmental and functional hypotheses of modularity and demonstrate that both species exhibit significant modularity. Functional modularity was supported in <em>Xenopus</em>, yet the lack of definitive support for both the developmental and functional hypotheses in <em>Salamandra</em> suggests influences on modularity are much more complex. Allometry has a small yet significant impact on lower jaw shape in both taxa and sex has a significant effect on shape in <em>Xenopus</em>. The high modularity seen in both species mimics the results of other studies on the amphibian cranium, suggesting that modularity is a ubiquitous feature of the tetrapod jaw.</p>
Systematic review of post-fire forest recovery at high latitudes
<p><span>Through this systematic review, we sought to determine the general relationship between post-fire tree regeneration densities and latitude in forests above 40º N/S. We expected regeneration densities post-fire would decrease with increasing latitude, and that forest regeneration would be negatively impacted by high burn severities, forest management, harsh site conditions, and unprotected microsites. We also anticipated that light-demanding species with adaptations to fire would replace shade-tolerant species that lack such adaptations post-fire. To achieve our objective and test our hypotheses, we analyzed 93 articles that directly measured post-fire regeneration at or above 40º N/S.</span></p>
Remote sensing of the light-obscuring smoke properties in real-scale fires using a photometric measurement method
<p>This data set complements the article <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01470-z">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01470-z</a>.</p> <p>The data set contains the raw image data of three representative experiments and the corresponding input configuration data files for the LEDSA simulations.</p> <p>The data set contains:</p> <p>- The processed LEDSA simulation data of all experiments, mainly consisting of the measured and normalized intensities of all LEDs and the computed extinction coefficients according to the applied layer discretization (ledsa_simulations.zip).</p> <p>- The recorded measurement data of all experiments from three MIREX devices (MIREX.zip).</p> <p>- An exemplary data set consisting of the LEDSA raw data as RAW image files from three representative experiments in shortened form, containing every third image (image_data_{...}.zip).</p> <p>- LEDSA Input and Config files for analysis and simulation of the provided exemplary image data (ledsa_simulations_short.zip).</p> <p>- Python scripts for reading and post-processing the LESDA simulation data (postprocessing_tools.zip)</p> <p>- Juptyter Lab Python scripts that have been used to create the plots in the associated paper (data_analysis.zip).</p> <p>- The figures from the associated paper (figures.zip).</p> <p>Notes</p> <p>In order to run the Python scripts in Juptyer Labs properly, the given directory structure must be maintained, resulting when all archives are unpacked on the same hierarchical level.</p> <p> </p> <p>The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The extensive LEDSA computations were performed largely on the high-performance computer system funded as part of the CoBra project with the grant number 13N15497.</p>
White-tailed deer responses to predator cues depend upon past land use and contemporary fire regime
<p>Prey can assess immediate risk of predation by detecting cues of predator presence, and it is expected that prey should invest in costly antipredator behaviors when a cue of predator presence is detected. Features of the habitat in which the cue is detected, such as vegetative concealment, serve as indirect cues of risk and can mediate how prey respond to direct cues of predator presence. Past agricultural land use and contemporary fire regime are common disturbances that may modify prey perceptions of risk and could therefore alter prey responses to direct cues of predator presence. We examined whether the overlap of these two disturbances affected white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) responses to cues of predator presence by measuring deer vigilance and foraging bout duration in response to coyote (<em>Canis latrans</em>) vocalizations across 20 woodlands that varied in past land use and contemporary fire regime. Frequent fire regimes consistently increased deer visibility to predators across both land-use history contexts. Deer exhibited no behavioral response to the predator cue in habitats containing infrequent fire regimes or agricultural legacies. Deer responded to the cue in frequently burned woodlands without agricultural legacies through increased vigilance and duration spent at a foraging location. These findings reveal that land-use legacies and contemporary fire regimes can mediate how prey respond to direct cues of risk. They also suggest that prey may balance the uncertainty associated with cues of predation risk with the urgency of responding to a potential attack by being vigilant and remaining in place.</p>
Data from: Different effects of fire age and fire recurrence on grass and woody plant chemistry in Kafue National Park, Zambia
<p>In savannas, fire and herbivores are important drivers of natural ecosystem processes. Fire is also used intensively for management purposes. However, reported fire effects differ between studies. Reasons for these differences are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of fire on leaf chemistry of grasses and woody plants in the savanna of the Busanga Flood Plain, Zambia, in relation to the time elapsed between plant sampling and the last fire (fire age) and the frequency of fires during the last 16 years (fire recurrence). We analyzed leaves for their nitrogen, carbon and fiber concentrations, and estimated their metabolizable energy content, reflecting feed quality for browsers and grazers. Grasses and woody plants differed in all chemical components and showed different responses to fire. Grass quality was higher at sites burnt in the year of sample collection than at sites burnt only in previous years, but did not change under different fire recurrences. Leaves of woody plants did not differ in relation to fire age but their quality increased with increasing fire recurrence. In woody plants, the carbon content responded to the interaction between fire age and fire recurrence, indicating changes in carbon allocation in response to fire. Thus, burning increased feed quality for grazers and browsers but on different temporal scales. The scale effects may contribute to the differences in resource allocation described by different studies. They merit more attention in management decisions as well as in future studies on fire effects in savanna systems.</p>
Reconciling chemical flame retardant exposure and fire risk in domestic furniture: supplemental materials
<p>Materials necessary for the replication and development of methods for modelling fire risk and chemical flame retardant exposure as described in the manuscript. [Manuscript in review, link to be added when available.]</p>
Url of the Fire-induced Carbon Emissions Dataset in Africa 2014-2021. (1.0) [Data set].
<p>Estimated carbon emission data from biomass burning in Africa from 2014 to 2021, based on the GABAM 30m burning area product. This product uses the WGS84 horizontal datum and the 0.00025° (approximately 30 meter) resolution for geographic (latitude/longitude) projection of the EGM96 vertical datum, consisting of 10° x 10° blocks covering the entire African region.</p>
Fire decreases soil respiration and its components in terrestrial ecosystems
<ol> <li>The impact of fire on aboveground biomass has significant consequences on soil carbon (C) dynamics, which is essential in predicting the global C budget during the Anthropocene. However, there is considerable spatiotemporal variability in the directions and magnitudes of fire effects on soil respiration, and the drivers associated with these effects are not well understood.</li> <li>Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 1327 individual observations from 170 studies to determine the extent to which fire influenced soil total respiration (R<sub>s</sub>), heterotrophic respiration (R<sub>h</sub>), and autotrophic respiration (R<sub>a</sub>).</li> <li>We found fires reduced R<sub>s</sub>, R<sub>h</sub>, and Ra, with an average effect of -11.0%, -17.5%, and -40.6%, compared to unburnt sites. Specifically, wildfires significantly reduced R<sub>s</sub>and R<sub>h </sub>(-20.4% and -25.0%, respectively), and prescribed fire significantly decreased Ra (-74.8%). The influences of fire on R<sub>s </sub>and its components were moderated by fire severity, season, type, climate zones, and biomes. After several years from the time of the fire, the negative effects of fire on R<sub>s </sub>diminished and then recovered to a state not significantly different from unburnt sites; Rh exhibited a similar but decayed temporal response. Similarly, the negative effects on R<sub>a</sub> disappeared after 3 years following the latest fire. The magnitude of the effect on R<sub>s </sub>was strongly associated with soil temperature, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen (N) content, and N-acquiring enzyme activity. In contrast, the magnitude of the effect on R<sub>h </sub>significantly changed with pH, bulk density, texture, soil C and nutrient contents, and C- acquiring enzyme activity.</li> <li>Our findings advance the understanding of the inhibition and associated mechanisms of fire on R<sub>s </sub>and its components, highlighting the need for new research efforts to predict the spatial-temporal shifts in underground C cycling induced by fire. </li> </ol>
Dataset: Plant-mediated effects of fire and fragmentation drive plant–pollinator interaction β-diversity in fire-dependent pine savannas
<p>Interaction β-diversity is a measure essential for understanding and conserving species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Interaction β-diversity explains the variation in species interactions across spatial and temporal gradients, resulting from species turnover or interaction rewiring. Each component of interaction β-diversity has different ecological implications and practical consequences. While interaction β-diversity due to species turnover is related to assembly processes and fragmentation, rewiring can support high biodiversity and confer resilience to ecological networks. However, it is unclear whether both components respond to the same or different ecological drivers. Here, we assessed the ecological drivers of plant–pollinator interaction β-diversity and its components across 24 sites in 9 longleaf pine (LLP) savannas in north and central Florida. We evaluated the effects of flowering plant composition and flower abundance, vegetation, fire regime, soil moisture, terrain characteristics, climate, spatial context and geographic location. We used path analysis to evaluate the drivers of spatial interaction β-diversity and its main components. We then used generalized linear mixed models to assess the temporal patterns of spatial β-diversity among sites within preserves. We found that plant–pollinator networks in LLP savannas are highly variable across space and time, mainly due to species turnover and possibly in response to abiotic gradients and dispersal boundaries. Flower abundance and flowering plant composition, geographic location, fire seasonality, soil moisture, and landscape context were the main drivers of plant–pollinator β-diversity, highlighting the role of fire management and habitat connectivity in preserving plant–pollinator networks.</p>
Stability of C3 and C4 grass patches after fire and simulated grazing
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>As the woody legume, </span><em>Prosopis glandulosa</em><span> (honey mesquite) has encroached into grasslands and rangelands in the southern Great Plains, USA, two grass species, C<sub>4</sub> shortgrass, </span><em>Buchloe dactyloides</em><span> (buffalograss), and C<sub>3</sub> mid-grass, </span><em>Nassella leucotricha</em><span> (Texas wintergrass), have increased in dominance. Occurrence of more productive C<sub>4</sub> mid-grasses and herbaceous diversity have declined. We measured effects of various combinations of spring clipping (to simulate cattle grazing) and summer and/or winter fire treatments on the stability of monoculture patches of these two grass species over an eight-year period, with the goal of reducing </span><em>Nassella</em><span> and increasing C<sub>4</sub> mid-grass cover. All fire treatments top-killed most </span><em>Prosopi</em><span><em><span>s</span></em> trees that subsequently resprouted. </span><em>Buchloe</em><span> cover declined in the No Clip + No Fire treatment but remained intact</span> with clipping and/or fire. Frequent clip<span>ping reduced </span><em>Nassella</em><span> cover across all fire treatments. </span><em>Buchloe </em><span>encroachment into </span><em>Nassella</em><span> patches was greatest in the Clip + Alternate Season fire treatment. C<sub>4</sub> mid-grass cover increased to 15–25% in </span><em>Nassella</em><span> patches in several fire-only or Clip + Fire treatments; greatest gains were observed in treatments that included summer fire. In contrast, C<sub>4</sub> mid-grass gains were lower in </span><em>Buchloe </em><span>patches. These results suggest that C<sub>4</sub> mid-grass restoration was linked with treatments that reduced</span><em> Nassella </em><span>cover.</span></p>
WW1 firing position, Ruukinranta, Espoo, Finland
First World War type D firing position for three riflemen in base XXXVI:2 in [Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) land front defense line in Ruukinranta, Espoo, Finland. The base was built in 1915 - 1918. This firing position was originally left incomplete but the roof was added from another type D firing position nearby in the 1970s when it was destroyed in road construction. More info: * [Location in Google Maps](https://goo.gl/maps/mF4cA1hhwjJmZcDN9) * [Wikipedia: Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) * [John Lagerstedt , Markku Saari: Krepost Sveaborg](http://www.novision.fi/viapori/eavaus.htm) * [Finnish Heritage Agency site info](https://www.kyppi.fi/to.aspx?id=112.1000008118) (only in finnish) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Macrophallic amulet after the fire
Late period: c. 664 a 380 a.C. Saqqara. Macrophallic figure used as an amulet representing a man playing a tambourine. This amulet has survived the fire of September 2, 2018, and is one of the 300 egyptian pieces rescued from the Museum werckage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
WW1 firing position, Mäkkylä, Espoo, Finland
First World War rifle firing position (type E) for four shooters in base XXVIII:19 in [Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) land front defense line in Mäkkylä, Espoo, Finland. The base was built in 1915 - 1918. The whole base contains: * 2 machine gun positions * 2 searchlight positions * 2 observations positions * 1 rifle firing position (this model) * 1 large firing position * 150 meters of trench * 3 caves More info: * [Location in Google Maps](https://goo.gl/maps/8bV3ahv9nXGhX6Bn7) * [Wikipedia: Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) * [John Lagerstedt , Markku Saari: Krepost Sveaborg](http://www.novision.fi/viapori/eavaus.htm) * [Finnish Heritage Agency site info](https://www.kyppi.fi/to.aspx?id=112.1000007767) (only in finnish) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Monument to the Great Fire of London (Base)
Location: https://goo.gl/maps/JBBXw More information, including translations of Latin inscriptions: http://www.londonremembers.com/memorials/the-monument-west-and-north Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fire Hydrant - Photogrammetry
This model was generated using Apple's photogrammetry API. 400 snaps were taken through the capture app. Approximately 3.5 hours of processing time with "unordered" mode. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
WW1 firing position, Helsinki, Finland
First World War firing position in trench in [Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) land front defense line in base XVIII:2 Paloheinä, Helsinki, Finland. The base was built in 1915 - 1918. There is also a [separate bigger model](https://skfb.ly/6RqIu) of the base. The whole base XVIII:2 contains: * 10 firing positions * 4 shelter rooms (all collapsed) * at least 100 meters of trench More info: * [Location in Google Maps](https://goo.gl/maps/pNvP8BafL12QK4277) * [Wikipedia: Krepost Sveaborg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepost_Sveaborg) * [John Lagerstedt , Markku Saari: Krepost Sveaborg](http://www.novision.fi/viapori/eavaus.htm) * [Finnish Heritage Agency site info](https://www.kyppi.fi/to.aspx?id=112.1000013727) (only in finnish) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.