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Fig. 12 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 12. Habitat disturbance due to farming. (A) Fodder farms at Al Jawf. (B) Fodder farm in Tabuk. (C) Vegetable farms in Tabuk area. (D) Farmland in Al-`Ula. Photos by A. Al Rabdi (B–C), and A. Aloufi (D).

Fig. 8 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 8. Scincids of Saudi Arabia. (A) Eurylepis taeniolatus. (B) Trachylepis brevicollis. (C) Chalcides ocellatus (D) Scincus scincus. Photos by A. Aloufi.

Fig. 7 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 7. Agamids of Saudi Arabia. (A) Trapelus flavimaculatus. (B) Stellagama stellio. (C) Phrynocephalus nejdensis. (D) Pseudotrapelus sinaitus. Photos by A. Aloufi.

Fig. 10 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 10. Snakes of Saudi Arabia. (A) Eryx jayakari. (B) Atractaspis engaddensis. (C) Echis coloratus. (D) Cerastes cerastes. (E) Naja arabica. (F) Walterinnesia aegyptia. Photos by A. Al Salman (A–B, F), M. Al Sulimi (C), A. Aloufi (D), and M. Al Mesheni (E).

Fig. 6 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 6. Marine turtles of Saudi Arabia. (A) Eretmochelys imbricata. (B) Chelonia mydas. Photos by A. Al Mansi.

Fig. 5 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 5. Amphibians of Saudi Arabia. (A) Euphlyctis ehrenbergii. (B) Sclerophrys tihamica. Photos by T. Papenfuss.

Fig. 3 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia

Fig. 3. Landscapes and habitats in Saudi Arabia. (A) Juniperus procera forests in Raydah reserve. (B) Juniperus procera forests in Asir mountains. (C) Harrat Al Harrah. (D) Harat Ewardh. (E) Sand dunes in the Greater Nofoud. (F) Sand dunes in the Empty Quarter. (G) Elephant mountain in Al-`Ula. (H) Sharaan sand stones mountains in Al-`Ula. Photos by K. Al Shamari (A), O. Llewellyn (B), and A. Aloufi (C–H).

Fig. 4 in Natural history notes on three sympatric frogs, Amolops formosus (Günther 1875), Nanorana liebigii (Günther 1860), and Ombrana sikimensis (Jerdon 1870), from Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal

Fig. 4. Ventral views of live adults: (A) male of Amolops formosus, (B) female of Amolops formosus, (C) male of Nanorana liebigii, and (D) female of Nanorana liebigii. Photos: Biraj Shrestha.

Fig. 6 in Natural history notes on three sympatric frogs, Amolops formosus (Günther 1875), Nanorana liebigii (Günther 1860), and Ombrana sikimensis (Jerdon 1870), from Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal

Fig. 6. Habitat varieties of the three sympatric frogs: (A) rapidly flowing stream, (B) series of waterfalls inhabited by Amolops formosus, (C) slow flowing shallow stream, and (D) irrigation ditch. Photos: Biraj Shrestha.

Fig. 2 in Natural history notes on three sympatric frogs, Amolops formosus (Günther 1875), Nanorana liebigii (Günther 1860), and Ombrana sikimensis (Jerdon 1870), from Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal

Fig. 2. Dorsal view of live adults: (A) Ombrana sikimensis, (B) Amolops formosus, and (C) Nanorana liebigii. (D) Dorso-lateral view of Nanorana liebigii. Photos: Biraj Shrestha and Min Bahadur Gurung.

Fig. 5 in Natural history notes on three sympatric frogs, Amolops formosus (Günther 1875), Nanorana liebigii (Günther 1860), and Ombrana sikimensis (Jerdon 1870), from Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal

Fig. 5. Life stages of Nanorana liebigii: (A) eggs deposition underneath a stone, (B) egg clutch, (C) embryo development, and (D) tadpole with metamorphosed legs. Photos: Biraj Shrestha.

Fig. 5 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 5. Decision tree used for specimens euthanized to obtain tissue. Blue indicates steps in the decision tree. Green indicates procedures that will lead to preservation of tissues for genetic study. Purple indicates procedures that lead to achieving multiple goals, including cell culture and obtaining gametes for current or future ARTs. NOTE: Breeding and IVF can result in offspring that can be used for genetic purposes, thereby achieving multiple goals.

Fig. 6 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 6. Decision tree used to obtain tissue from live animals. Blue indicates steps in the decision tree. Green indicates procedures that will lead to preservation of tissues for genetic study. Purple indicates procedures that lead to achieving multiple goals, including obtaining gametes for current or future ARTs. NOTE: Breeding and IVF can result in offspring that can be used for genetic purposes, thereby achieving multiple goals.

Fig. 4 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 4. Length of time from cell culture initiation to freezing for amphibian cell lines in San Diego Zoo's Frozen Zoo®. Low = 19 days; high = 596 days; average = 154 days.

Fig. 3 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 3. The "tissue piecing" protocol used to preserve viable cells for establishment of cell lines in the future. A) Tissue is cut into long, thin strips. B) Tissue is diced into 1 mm3 fragments before adding medium containing 10% DMSO as a cryoprotectant. C) Prepared tissue is stored in LN2 until future cell culture is possible; those without cell culture capability can transport samples using a dry shipper to maintain cold-chain.

Fig. 2 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 2. Procedures used to obtain amphibian eggs or sperm for use in ARTs. A) Gravid female Leopard Frog (Lithobates sp.) after gonadotropic hormone injection. B) Expressing eggs into container by pressing on abdomen and pushing thumb toward cloaca; eggs can be fertilized (i.e., IVF) by fresh or cryopreserved sperm. Sperm can similarly be released from males by pushing towards the cloaca and releasing sperm naturally (in season) or after injection of gonadotropic hormones (e.g., HIS).

Fig. 1 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 1. Role of genetic resource collections in the research and conservation of amphibians. Green indicates the storage of tissues in biobanks. Purple indicates procedures associated with ARTs that lead to achieving multiple goals in amphibian research and conservation. Asterisk (*) denotes tissue or methodologies that are not currently used in ARTs but may be possible in the future. NOTE: For a more complete list of ARTs reference Clulow et al. (2014).

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Fig. 13 in The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status

Fig. 13. Urban Development. Urban growth near Saltillo, reaching the limit of the Natural Protected Area "Sierra de Zapalinamé," in the municipality of Saltillo. Photo by Manuel Nevárez de los Reyes.

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Fig. 22 in The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status

Fig. 22. Energy Projects. Wind generation of electricity near Hipolito, in the municipality of Ramos Arizpe. Photo by Manuel Nevárez de los Reyes.