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3,673 results for “Temporal”
Uma proposta de representação temporal em sistemas informacionais complexos
<p>A mediação, através da contextualização social e humana do fenómeno infocomunicacional, interessa especialmente à Ciência da Informação (CI). Cabe à CI investigar as propriedades, o comportamento e as forças que governam os fluxos de informação e o seu processamento cognitivo como gerador de conhecimento, visando o máximo uso aquando do processo de tomada de decisão.</p> <p>Esse processo seria facilitado na presença de sistemas ou mapas representativos do comportamento da informação, inerente a um fenómeno particular e que abrangessem também, um intervalo alargado no tempo.</p> <p>Pretende-se, utilizando como exemplo o ensino obrigatório em Portugal (séc. XVIII-séc. XX), o mapeamento temporal de um sistema informacional complexo (SIC) que permita a identificação visual dos padrões do fluxo de informação justificativos da recorrente problemática do ensino obrigatório em Portugal, apenas considerada sanada em 1986.</p> <p>Para o efeito, utilizar-se-á o método de análise de conteúdo.</p> <p>Procedeu-se ao ensaio do método utilizando três diplomas legais. Construiu-se o respetivo gráfico/mapa temporal dos principais fluxos de informação, demonstrando essa possibilidade.</p> <p>Na tese procurar-se-á verificar se, este tipo de mapeamento, segundo preceitos da CI, poderá constituir mais uma ferramenta de mediação para a tomada de decisão</p>
Data set for the article 'Temporal scaling in C. elegans larval development'
<p>This directory contains all analyzed data and data analysis scripts to create all figures for the article<br> Filina et al., Temporal scaling in C. elegans larval development, PNAS 2022 119:e2123110119</p>
Data for: Modeling of spatial pattern and influencing factors of cultivated land quality based on spatial-temporal big data (PONE-D-21-21084R1)
<p>The quality of cultivated land determines the production capacity of cultivated land and the level of regional development, and also directly affects the food security and ecological safety of the country. This paper starts from the perspective of spatial pattern of cultivated land quality and uses spatial autocorrelation analysis to study the spatial aggregation characteristics and differences of cultivated land quality in Henan Province at the county level scale, and also uses bivariate spatial autocorrelation to analyze the influence of neighboring influences on the quality of cultivated land in the target area. The spatial autoregressive model was used to further analyze the driving factors affecting the quality of cultivated land, and the influence of cultivated land area index was coupled in the process of rating analysis, which was finally used as a basis to propose more precise measures for the protection of cultivated land zoning. The results show that: (1) The quality of cultivated land in Henan Province has a strong spatial correlation (global Moran's I≈0.710) and shows an obvious aggregation pattern in spatial distribution; positive correlation types (high-high and low-low) are concentrated in north-central and western mountainous areas of Henan Province, respectively; negative correlation types are discrete. The negative correlation types are distributed in a discrete manner. (2) The bivariate spatial autocorrelation results show that Slope (Moran's I≈-0.505), Irrigation guarantee rate (IGR, 0.354), Urbanization rate (-0.255), Total agricultural machinery power (TAMP, 0.331) and Pesticide use (0.214) are the main influencing factors. (3) According to the absolute values of the regression coefficients, it can be seen that the magnitude of the influence of different factors on the quality of cultivated land is: Slope (0.089) >IGR (0.025) > Urbanization rate (0.002) > TAMP (0.001) > Pesticide use (1.96e-006). (4) Based on the spatial pattern presented by the spatial autocorrelation results, we proposed corresponding protection zoning measures to provide more scientific reference decisions and technical support for the implementation of refined cultivated land management in Henan Province. </p>
Varying Perspectives on Temporal Theory – How Do We Define Time? A Roundtable Discussion
<p><strong>Context:</strong><em> Academics from Archaeology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Philosophy, and Particle Physics present/debate the concept of time from the perspective of their respective disciplines. </em></p> <p><strong>Impact:</strong><em> Each speaker considers how their personal and professional understanding of the concept of time impacts their practice, how they process information and the conclusions they come to in their research. </em></p> <p><strong>Accessibility:</strong><em> They discuss how it is possible to communicate these concepts both via research publication, across interdisciplinary comms and to the general public.</em></p>
"Constructing Temporal Networks of OSS Programming Language Ecosystems" reproducibility package
<p>Reproducibility package for the paper submission "Constructing Temporal Networks of OSS Programming Language Ecosystems". Contains the dataset, extracted and external metrics, and all scripts used for the construction and the analysis done in the paper.</p> <p> </p> <p>Anonymised for the double-blind review process.</p>
Temporal Evolution Feature on Spectrum and Temperature of Lightning return stroke Channel
<p>Temperature is one of the crucial parameters reflecting the energy and current transfer characteristics in the lightning discharge channel. According to the spectra of eight lightning return strokes recorded simultaneously by two high-speed slitless spectrographs with different time resolutions, the spectral-structure and temperature evolution of the return stroke channels over time was quantitatively analyzed. Different from the previous report, one of the spectrographs have recorded the ionic lines in the spectra within approximately 200 microseconds during the return stroke. The ionic line intensity decayed rapidly with time as the current declined, while the atomic line intensity decreased more slowly. The spectral-structure evolution characteristics indicate that the ionic lines in the spectra existed throughout the discharge current process (including the continuing current (CC) stage). Additionally, it further suggests that the ionic line intensities are associated with the discharge currents and that their radiation mechanism is closely related to the collision excitation under the action of strong currents. The temperature calculated by the ionic lines can reflect the thermodynamic properties of the current-carrying channel. The temperature calculated using atomic lines is significantly lower than that calculated by the ionic lines in the same spectrum. The radiation mechanism of the atomic lines differs from that of the ionic lines. Compared with the decay of the ionic-line intensity, the decline of the channel temperature calculated by ionic lines is slower. The temperature calculated by atomic lines shown the similar feature, and it is even basically unchanged in the CC stage. This property reflects the persistent heating effect of the current.</p>
Spatial and temporal variations in salt marsh microorganisms of the Wadden Sea
<p>Salt marshes exist at the interface of the marine and the terrestrial system. Shore height differences and associated variations in inundation frequency result in altered abiotic conditions, plant communities and resource input into the belowground system. These factors result in three unique zones, the upper salt marsh (USM), the lower salt marsh (LSM) and the pioneer zone (PZ). Marine detritus, such as micro- and macroalgae, is typically flushed into the PZ daily, with storm surges moving both salt marsh detritus and marine detritus into higher salt marsh zones. Microbial assemblages are essential for the decomposition of organic matter and have been shown to sensitively respond to changes in abiotic conditions, such as oxygen supply and salinity. However, temporal and spatial dynamics of microbial communities of Wadden Sea salt marshes received little attention. We investigated the dynamics of soil microbial communities across horizontal (USM, LSM and PZ), vertical (0-5 and 5-10 cm sediment depth) and temporal (spring, summer and autumn) scales in the Wadden Sea salt marsh of the European North Atlantic coast using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Our results show strong spatial dynamics both among salt marsh zones and between sediment depths, but temporal dynamics to be only minor. Despite varying in space and time, PLFA markers indicated that bacteria generally were the dominant microbial group across salt marsh zones and seasons, however, their dominance was most pronounced in the USM, whereas fungal biomass peaked in the LSM and algal biomass in the PZ. Only algal markers and the stress marker monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio responded to seasonality. Overall, therefore the results indicate remarkable temporal stability of salt marsh microbial communities despite strong variability in abiotic factors.</p>
Fig. 1 in Spatial And Temporal Changes In Falconiformes And Strigiformes Nutrition: Causes, Significance, Consequences
Fig. 1. Scheme of possible developments after the meeting of the predator and the victim.
Lack of spatial and temporal genetic structure of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) populations
Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) is an important food source in East Asia whose population has dramatically declined since the 1970s. Despite past analysis with DNA sequencing, microsatellite and isozyme methods, management decisions remain hampered by contradictory findings. For example, it remains unresolved whether Japanese eels are a single panmictic population or whether they harbor significant substructure. Accurate assessment of population genetic substructure, both spatial and temporal, is essential for determining the relevant number of distinct management units appropriate for this species. In the present study, we assayed genetic variation genome-wide using Restriction Site Associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-seq) technology to analyze the population genetic structure of Japanese eels. For analysis of temporal isolation, five "cohort" samples were collected yearly from 2005 to 2009 in the Yangtze River Estuary. For analysis of spatial structure, five "arrival wave" samples were collected in China in 2009, and two arrival wave samples were collected in Japan in 2001. In each cohort of each arrival wave, five individuals were collected for a total of 55 eels sampled. In total, 214,210 loci were identified from these individuals, 106,652 of which satisfied quality checks and were retained for further analysis. There was relatively little population differentiation between arrival waves and cohorts collected either at different locations during the same year (Fst = 0.077) or at the same location collected over subsequent years (Fst = 0.082), and locations displayed no consistent isolation-by-distance.
Presentation scripts of "Predictability awareness rather than mere predictability enhances the perceptual benefits for targets in auditory rhythms over targets following temporal cues"
<p>These are the presentation scripts accompanying the publication </p> <p>"Predictability awareness rather than mere predictability enhances the perceptual benefits for targets in auditory rhythms over targets following temporal cues". </p> <p>Check the readMe for an instruction.</p>
Single-cell datasets for temporal gene expression integration
<p>Contains loom files and preprocessed adata objects to compare methods for temporal gene expression integration. Loom files can be accessed using the 'read' function in Scvelo. Preprocessed adata objects can be accessed using the 'read_h5ad' function in Scanpy.</p> <p>The raw single-cell RNA sequencing datasets can be found under the following accession codes.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Mouse embryonic cell cycle dataset from Ref. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3102">10.1038/nbt.3102</a>) was originally downloaded from ArrayExpress with the accession code E-MTAB-2805</p> </li> <li> <p>Hematopoiesis differentiation dataset from Ref. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480">https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480</a>) was originally downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus with the accession code GSE81682</p> </li> <li> <p>NKT cell differentiation dataset from Ref. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3437">10.1038/ni.3437</a>) was originally downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus with the accession code GSE74596.</p> </li> <li> <p>Hematopoiesis differentiation dataset from Ref. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480">https://doi.org</a>/<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19348">10.1038/nature19348</a>) was originally downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus with the accession codes GSE70236, GSE70240, GSE70244</p> </li> <li> <p>LPS stimulation dataset from Ref. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2017.03.010">10.1016/j.cels.2017.03.010</a>) was originally downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus with the accession code GSE94383.</p> </li> <li> <p>INF-gamma stimulation dataset from Ref. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-00803-5">10.1038/s41587-020-00803-5</a>) was originally downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus with the accession code GSE161465.</p> </li> <li> <p>AML chemotherapy dataset from Ref. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0233-1">10.1038/s41591-018-0233-1</a>) was originally downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus with the accession code GSE116481.</p> </li> <li> <p>AML diagnosis/relapse dataset from Ref. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-021-01338-7">10.1038/s41375-021-01338-7</a>) was originally downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus with the accession code GSE126068.</p> </li> <li> <p>MS case control PBMC and CSF datasets from Ref. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-05-716480">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14118-w">10.1038/s41467-019-14118-w</a>) was originally downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus with the accession code GSE138266.</p> </li> </ul>
Temporal changes in nutrients in forest soil and roots and root biomass of Fagus sylvatica after P and N fertilization
<p>We report data for nutrients in the organic layer and in mineral soil of Fagus sylvatica forests after P and N fertilization. We separated soil and roots and also report data for root biomass and nutrient contents in these soil layers. In addition, relative soil water contents and pH were measured. The samples were collected in three forests and repeatedly in spring and fall from 2016 to 2018. </p>
Determinism and stochasticity in the spatial-temporal continuum of ecological communities: the case of tropical mountains
<p>Ecological communities are assembled in a spatial-temporal continuum. However, we still have a poor understanding of the relative importance of different mechanisms structuring community composition (i.e., beta-diversity) in space and time. In this study, we start by introducing a conceptual model that capitalizes upon the core-occasional species concept to predict that the assembly process in tropical mountains is driven by the deterministic turnover of core species in space via habitat sorting, but the turnover of occasional species through time via stochastic events of colonization and local extinctions. We then propose a general analytical framework that allows assessing these predictions by partitioning the total variance of a species-by-site-by-time matrix (i.e., total beta-diversity) among its purely spatial (variation in space independent of time), purely temporal (variation in time independent of space), and spatiotemporal (i.e., variation across different sites across different moments in time) components. Through simulation models, we provided theoretical support that the proposed analytical framework is suitable to test the predictions derived from our conceptual model. We then used this framework to identify general patterns and quantify the relative importance of processes underlying the spatial and temporal organization of ten distinct insect metacommunities along a tropical elevational gradient. As predicted, we found that, across taxa, spatial beta-diversity was mainly explained by environmental variation alone: a pattern that indicates the spatial turnover of core species. In contrast, temporal beta-diversity could not be distinguished from the expectation of null models where communities are simply represented by random draws from species pools: a pattern that indicates a temporal turnover of occasional species within communities. Taken together, our findings illustrate how our conceptual model and quantitative framework can articulate a better understanding of community assembly in space and time.</p>
Temporal stability of productivity is associated with complementarity and competitive intensities in intercropping
Year to year stability in crop production is a crucial aspect of feeding a growing global population. Evidence from natural ecosystems shows that increasing plant diversity generally increases the temporal stability of productivity; however, we have little knowledge of the mechanisms by which diversity affects stability. In fact, understanding the drivers of stability is a major knowledge gap in our understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem function in general. We varied resource inputs into crop monocultures and intercropping of maize/pea and maize/rapeseed for three years in field experiments to create a wide range of values for temporal stability, complementarity effects, selection effects, competition, and facilitation. We correlated whole-system temporal stability in productivity with these values and the stability of competitively subordinate species and competitively dominant species in the intercrops. We then used structural equation modeling (SEM), which combines complex path models with latent variables, to estimate how interspecific interactions for water, nitrogen, and phosphorus affected the relationships between stability and these values. Intercropping treatments did not increase stability, but the wide range of stability created by our experiments allowed us to explore the relationship of many factors with stability. Complementarity correlated positively with the temporal stability of grain yield and aboveground biomass, suggesting that either facilitative interactions or niche partitioning shifted over time in ways that promoted stability. Furthermore, the temporal stability of total productivity of intercropping relied most on the stability of more productive species. However, facilitation tested by relative interaction index (RII) independently did not correlate with stability, but the temporal stability of the whole system increased as the competitive effects of competitively dominant species (pea and rapeseed) on competitively subordinate species (maize) decreased, and was highest when these competitive effects were virtually zero. SEM indicated that as competition for soil nitrogen from competitively dominant species on competitively subordinate species decreased, the overall temporal stability of whole-system aboveground biomass increased. This stability then led to greater stability in grain production. Our findings indicate that complex shifts in complementarity and competitive intensities are likely to be key mechanisms that maintain temporal stability in species-diverse agriculture, and potentially in natural systems.
Temporal variability of the westward Labrador Current transport at the Tail of the Grand Banks - Dataset
<p>Dataset used in the manuscript "Temporal variability of the westward Labrador Current transport at the Tail of the Grand Banks", submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. This dataset is derived from the Atlantic HYCOM stored in US ERDC archive.</p>
Two multi-temporal datasets to track debris flow after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
<p>We provide two datasets for tracking the debris flow induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake on a section of the Longmen mountains on the eastern side of the Tibetan plateau (Sichuan, China). The database was obtained through a literature review and field survey reports in the epicenter area, combined with high-resolution remote sensing imagery and extensive data collection and processing. The first dataset covers an area of 892 km<sup>2</sup>, including debris flows from 2008 to 2020. 186 debris flows affecting 79 watersheds were identified. 89 rainfall stations were collected to determine the rainfall events for the post-earthquake debris flow outbreak. The second database is a list of mitigation measures for post-earthquake debris flows, including catchment name, check dam number, coordinates, construction time, and successful debris flow mitigation date. This two datasets can aid different applications, including the early warning monitoring and engineering prevention of post-earthquake debris flow, as well as provide valuable data support for research in related disciplines.</p>
Data from: Learning to predict spatio-temporal movement dynamics from weather radar networks
<p>This dataset contains the following:</p> <ul> <li><strong>data</strong>: <ul> <li><em>preprocessed</em>: hourly European weather radar data (here: <em>radar</em>) and aggregated simulation outputs (here: <em>abm</em>), combined with ERA5 reanalysis data and Voronoi tessellation details</li> <li><em>shapes: </em>geographical shapes used for plotting</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>results</strong><em>:</em> trained models and corresponding results for both simulated data (here: <em>abm</em>) and weather radar data (here: <em>radar</em>).</li> <li><strong>figures</strong><em>: </em>final figures presented in our paper "Learning to predict spatio-temporal movement dynamics from weather radar networks" to summarize the results</li> </ul> <p>The corresponding code used to train and evaluate models is archived here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6921595">10.5281/zenodo.6921595</a>.</p>
Predicting spatio-temporal population patterns of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease pathogen
<p>The causative bacterium of Lyme disease, <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em>, expanded from an undetected human pathogen into the etiologic agent of the most common vector-borne disease in the United States over the last several decades. Systematic field collections of the tick vector reveal increases in the geographic range and population size of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> that coincided with increases in human Lyme disease incidence across New York State. Here we investigate the impact of environmental features on the population dynamics of <em>B. burgdorferi</em>. Analytical models developed using field collections of nearly 19,000 nymphal <em>Ixodes scapularis </em>and spatially- and temporally-explicit environmental features accurately explained the variation of <em>B. burgdorferi </em>population sizes across space and time. Importantly, the model identified environmental features that can be used to predict the biogeographical patterns of <em>B. burgdorferi-</em>infected ticks into future years and in previously unsampled areas. Forecasting the distribution and abundance of a pathogen at fine geographic scales offers a powerful strategy to mitigate a serious public health threat.</p>
Microsatellite genotypes for temporal monitoring of the Floreana Island Galapagos Giant Tortoise captive breeding program
<p><span>Captive breeding programs benefit from genetic analyses that identify relatedness between individuals, assign parentage to offspring, and track levels of genetic diversity. Monitoring these parameters across breeding cycles is critical to the success of a captive breeding program as it allows conservation managers to iteratively evaluate and adjust program structure. However, in practice, genetic tracking of breeding outcomes is rarely conducted. Here, we examined the first three offspring cohorts (2017 – 2020) of the genetically-informed captive breeding program for the Floreana Island Galapagos giant tortoise, </span><em><span>Chelonoidis niger</span></em><span>. This captive breeding program is unique as the Floreana tortoise has been extinct since the 1800s, but its genome </span><span>persists, in part, in the form of living hybrids with the extant Volcano Wolf tortoise, <em>Chelonoidis becki</em>. Breeding over the study period took place at the Galapagos National Park Directorate breeding facility in four corrals, each containing three females and two males. Using 17 microsatellite markers, we were able to assign parentage to 94 of the 98 offspring produced over the study period. </span><span>We observe that despite the addition of more founders since the pilot breeding program, the effective population size remains low, and changes to the arrangements of breeding corrals may be necessary to encourage more equal reproductive output from the males. </span><span>This study demonstrates the value of hybrids for species restoration and the importance of continually reassessing the outcomes of captive breeding. </span></p>
Data for: Wild bee communities benefit from temporal complementarity of hedges and flower strips in apple orchards
<p><span>1. </span>Wild bees importantly pollinate both crop and wild plants. Yet, in <span>intensive agricultural landscapes, wild bees are rare due to resource limitations of nectar and pollen. Flower strips and hedges are often used as resource enhancements for wild bees to overcome this shortage, but provide floral resources only during specific time periods. To sustain diverse and stable bee communities, bee-attractive flowers need to be available during the entire growing season. This may be achieved by combining flower strips and hedges to complement each other and provide continuous floral resources. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Over three subsequent years, we compared the phenology of flower and wild bee communities in perennial flower strips, hedges and improved hedges (complemented with a sown herb layer) in conventional apple orchards in Southern Germany, a pollination-dependent crop-system. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>Hedges provided floral resources in the early season while the flower strips took over later in the season. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Bees visited the hedges mostly from March to June, whereas they visited the flower strips from June to August (first year), and in the second year already from April onwards. Flower strips were visited with an overall higher abundance and species richness than the improved and not modified hedges. </span></p> <p><span>5. </span><span>Synthesis and application</span><span>: For enhancing wild bees in intensive apple orchards, hedges and perennial flower strips are complementary in providing flower resources. Yet, flower strips bloom more constantly and during periods of flower scarcity, and thus attract more bees than hedges. Perennial flower strips of different age classes should be preferred over annual strips, at best in a network with some well-maintained hedges, as perennial flower strips of different age attract different bee communities and thus potentially a higher bee diversity on the landscape level. </span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.