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174 results for “Oil palm”
Data from: Managing Neotropical oil palm expansion to retain phylogenetic diversity
The expansion of tropical agriculture is a major driver of the extinction crisis. A key question is whether biodiversity losses can be minimized by restricting future expansion to low-productivity farmland and retaining forest fragments, especially in rapidly changing Neotropical landscapes. We investigated these methods in the context of avian phylogenetic diversity, which summarizes the evolutionary history preserved within communities. Evidence suggests that phylogenetic diversity plays an important role in maintaining key ecosystem functions. We collected data on avian communities in the Colombian Llanos, a region highlighted as being optimal for the expansion of oil palm, at the expense of existing habitats including forest remnants and improved cattle pastures. PD, a measure of phylogenetic richness, and MPD, a measure of the phylogenetic distance between individuals in a community in deep evolutionary time, were significantly higher in forest than in oil palm or pasture, but did not differ significantly between oil palm and pasture. MNTD, a measure of distance between individuals in a community at the intra-familial and intra-generic level, was significantly higher in oil palm and pasture than in forest. However, median evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) was highest in pasture, partly due to the abundance of distinct waterbirds, but did not differ between oil palm and forest. PD in oil palm and pasture increased with the extent of remnant forest cover. Synthesis and applications. The PD (a measure of phylogenetic richness) and MPD (a measure of the phylogenetic distance) of bird communities in this region can best be conserved by ensuring that new oil palm plantations replace pasturelands rather than forest. A secondary benefit of preserving forest would be the enhancement of PD in the surrounding agricultural landscape. This strategy will need to be coupled with measures to either reduce pasture demand or to intensify existing cattle production to ensure that forest is not replaced by pasture elsewhere.
Data from: Riparian reserves help protect forest bird communities in oil palm dominated landscapes
1. Conversion of forest to oil palm agriculture is a significant and continuing threat to tropical biodiversity. Despite this, little is known about the value of riparian reserves in oil palm and how these conservation set-asides might best be managed to maintain biodiversity. 2. We characterised bird communities of 28 sites in an oil palm-forest mosaic in Sabah, Malaysia using 6104 encounters from 840 point counts. Sites included oil palm riparian reserves of various vegetation quality and reserve widths, which were compared to oil palm streams without a riparian reserve as well as riparian and non-riparian control areas in continuous logged forest. 3. Riparian reserves, oil palm waterways, and control sites in riparian and non-riparian forest supported distinct avifaunal communities. Riparian reserve width, forest quality and amount of forest cover were the strongest predictors of bird species richness. For forest-dependent species, each of these predictors had stronger effect size when compared with all species. On average, reserves held 31% of all species and 30% of forest specialists, whereas riparian forest controls averaged 32% of all species, but 38% of forest species. 4. Riparian reserves with >40 m of natural vegetation on each bank supported similar bird diversity to riparian forest control habitats found in continuous forest. However, to support equivalent numbers of forest-dependent species and species of conservation concern, reserves would need to be at least 100 m wide on each bank. The highest numbers of species were found in riparian reserves with above-ground carbon densities exceeding 75 tC ha-1, highlighting the importance of forest quality, as well as width, in supporting riparian bird communities. 5. Synthesis and applications. If designed and protected appropriately, riparian reserves in oil palm estates support diverse bird communities, including many species of conservation concern. This can be achieved by designating large reserves (80-200 m total width), but to maximize species numbers forest disturbance should also be minimised prior to conversion as well as during plantation operations.13-Jun-2018
ROMAN OIL LAMP TWO PALMS - TARRACO
Roman oil lamp from the site of Tarraco (Tarragona, Spain). Lamp decorated with two palms. **This 3D Model it's a Optimized model (Triangles: 51.2k) from original (Triangles: 900k)** 3D Model Original :https://skfb.ly/6S6DT Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Industrial and Smallholder Oil Palm Plantation Expansion in Indonesia from 2001 to 2019
<p>The dataset contains wall-to-wall maps of the annual expansion of industrial and smallholder oil palm plantations from 2001 to 2019 generated from interpretation of annual LANDSAT composites, SPOT-6 and UAV imagery.</p> <p>We define an oil palm plantation as an area of land planted with oil palm trees (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). </p> <p>Industrial plantations are intensively managed large-scale, typically covering several thousand hectares of land, plantations owned by companies. They exhibit distinctive linear boundaries while harvesting trails are laid out in grids on level land or follow contours on hilly terrain. Smallholder plantations are typically smaller — < 25 hectares according to government definition — although wealthy individuals sometimes own several hundred hectares — and their spatial patterns are less consistent. Smallholder landscapes sometimes form a mixed mosaic with one or more other crops and types of landcover , or a large homogeneous landscape , or resemble industrial plantings though generally smaller and with less consistent structure.</p> <p>The datasets are in shapefile format with the following columns:</p> <p><strong>Year:</strong> The year an area was converted to oil palm. This is the year an area of either Forest or Non-Forest transitioned to either industrial or smallholder oil palm.</p> <p><strong>Class:</strong> The type of plantation that exists as of year 2019. Class has category: ‘IOPP’ for Industrial Oil Palm Plantation or 'Smallholder'.</p> <p><strong>Gridcode:</strong> A code for the year the annual <em>Tree Loss</em> dataset (version 1.7) - developed at University of Maryland (Hansen et al. 2013) - recorded a loss, and whether this is loss of trees in the forest or loss of non-forested trees. This column can be ignored.</p> <ul> <li><strong>1xx :</strong> Year forest loss detected, where xx represents the last 2 digits of the year (from 2001 to 2019) when the loss happened. For example, 105 indicates forest loss in 2005.</li> <li><strong>300 :</strong> Non-forest since 2000.</li> <li><strong>3xx :</strong> Year tree (non-forest) loss detected, where xx represents the last 2 digits of the year (from 2001 to 2019) when the loss happened. For example, 305 indicates tree loss in 2005 in non-forest areas with trees.</li> </ul> <p><strong>F2000 to F2019:</strong> The annual land cover types (Forest or Non forest) that existed before oil palm plantations replaced them.</p> <p><strong>TDelay :</strong> The time delay (in number of years) beween the year an area lost its forest cover and the year it was developed as a plantation. If Tdelay = 0, the area was developed as a plantation in the same calendar year that it lost forest cover, or the area was already not forest in 2000.</p> <p><strong>CompDriven</strong> : The year an area was developed as a plantation and lost its forest cover. We reasoned that industrial plantations developed in the same year as forest clearance are likely to be responsible for that clearance, hence the term Company-driven deforestation. If CompDriven = 0 the area lost its forest cover several years (at one year) before it was developed as a plantation.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Region:</strong> The name of the region considered (Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua)</p> <p><strong>AreaHA:</strong> The area in hectares</p>
Removing understory vegetation in oil palm agroforestry reduces ground-foraging ant abundance but not species richness
<p>Ants are known to provide valuable ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, including oil palm plantations. Their communities are less diverse and more uneven in oil palm compared with forest, and this may increase their vulnerability to disturbance. This study quantifies ant communities in oil palm agroforestry and experimentally tests their robustness to a common-practice high-disturbance management intervention: removing understory vegetation.</p> <p>Fieldwork was based at the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Tropical Agriculture (BEFTA) Understory Vegetation Project in Sumatra, Indonesia, where three treatments varying in their degree of understory vegetation management were established in 2014: (1) widespread herbicide was applied removing all understory vegetation (Reduced); (2) herbicide was applied to the harvesting paths and circles, and other vegetation was allowed to grow (Normal – control); (3) no herbicide was applied (Enhanced). We measured ground-foraging ant communities before and after the treatments were implemented, using pitfall traps over 324 trap-nights (a trap-night is one trap set for one night). We investigated how ant abundance, species richness, species evenness, beta diversity, and community composition differed between the treatments.</p> <p>We found 3507 ants across 68 species or morphospecies. Seven of these were highly abundant and accounted for 78% of individuals. Post-treatment ant abundance was lower in the reduced treatment (mean per plot: 84) than in the normal (159) and enhanced (131) treatments, which did not differ from each other. Species richness, species evenness, beta diversity and community composition were not affected by the vegetation treatments.</p> <p>We recommend that oil palm growers maintain understory vegetation in oil palm plantations to support ground-foraging ants. Though not tested here, this may also improve ant-mediated ecosystem services, such as pest control, seed dispersal, nutrient redistribution, and the maintenance of soil health. This study demonstrates that enhancing habitat complexity through management practices can support biodiversity in monocrop landscapes.</p>
Forest biomass loss by oil palm expansion
<p>This dataset contains the source data of the figures and an example code of calculating the forest biomass loss for the expansion of oil palm plantations associated to the following paper: Yidi Xu, Le Yu, Philippe Ciais, Wei Li, Maurizio Santoro, Hui Yang, Peng Gong. Recent expansion of oil palm plantations into carbon-rich forests.</p>
Characterization of TiO2Post-Anthesis Male Flower Palm Oil Activate Carbon Composite as Removal of Methylene Blue
<p>This material has presented on 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology in October 25, 2023.</p>
Single oil palm in Malaysia around 2022
<p>The dataset is a file database in gdb format. It contains point shapefile of 13 states in Malaysia, covering the areas where oil palm plantations were detected, and showing the spatial locations of oil palm single tree in the area.</p>
Data from: Soil nitrogen-cycling responses to conversion of lowland forests to oil palm and rubber plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia
Rapid deforestation in Sumatra, Indonesia is presently occurring due to the expansion of palm oil and rubber production, fueled by an increasing global demand. Our study aimed to assess changes in soil-N cycling rates with conversion of forest to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations. In Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, we selected two soil landscapes – loam and clay Acrisol soils – each with four land-use types: lowland forest and forest with regenerating rubber (hereafter, "jungle rubber") as reference land uses, and rubber and oil palm as converted land uses. Gross soil-N cycling rates were measured using the 15N pool dilution technique with in-situ incubation of soil cores. In the loam Acrisol soil, where fertility was low, microbial biomass, gross N mineralization and NH4+ immobilization were also low and no significant changes were detected with land-use conversion. The clay Acrisol soil which had higher initial fertility based on the reference land uses (i.e. higher pH, organic C, total N, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and base saturation) (P≤0.05–0.09) had larger microbial biomass and NH4+ transformation rates (P≤0.05) compared to the loam Acrisol soil. Conversion of forest and jungle rubber to rubber and oil palm in the clay Acrisol soil decreased soil fertility which, in turn, reduced microbial biomass and consequently decreased NH4+ transformation rates (P≤0.05–0.09). This was further attested by the correlation of gross N mineralization and microbial biomass N with ECEC, organic C, total N (R=0.51–0. 76; P≤0.05) and C:N ratio (R=-0.71 – -0.75, P≤0.05). Our findings suggest that the larger the initial soil fertility and N availability, the larger the reductions upon land-use conversion. Because soil N availability was dependent on microbial biomass, management practices in converted oil palm and rubber plantations should focus on enriching microbial biomass.
Fig. 2 in Morphometric Comparison of the Oil Palm Pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Liberia
Fig. 2. Dorsal (a) and lateral (b) measurements of adult Elaeidobius kamerunicus. AW = snout width at antennal insertion; BL = body length from anterior eye margin to apices of elytra; EB = Elytral width across humeri; EL = elytral length along midline; EW = elytral width across widest point; FL = profemoral length;, FW = profemoral width across widest point; MA = snout length between antennal insertion and apex; MD = mesothoracic depth at deepest point, MW = Snout width at apex, PD = pronotal depth along posterior margin; PL = pronotal length on midline; PW = pronotal width across widest point; SD = snout depth at antennal insertion; SL = snout length between apex and anterior eye margin at mid-height.
Fig. 1. Localities sampled for Elaeidobius kamerunicus. A in Morphometric Comparison of the Oil Palm Pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Liberia
Fig. 1. Localities sampled for Elaeidobius kamerunicus. A) Six localities in Malaysia, B) One locality in Indonesia, C) One locality in Liberia.
Fig. 5 in Morphometric Comparison of the Oil Palm Pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Liberia
Fig. 5. Score plot of Function 1 against Function 2 for female Elaeidobius kamerunicus sampled in Malaysia, Liberia, and Indonesia.
Fig. 3 in Morphometric Comparison of the Oil Palm Pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Liberia
Fig. 3. Plot of all Elaeidobius kamerunicus specimens against PC 1 and PC 2 based on a set of 15 morphometric characters for both sexes.
Dataset from: Termite mounds house a diversity of taxa in oil palm plantations irrespective of understory management
<p>We investigated the effects of oil palm understory vegetation management on termite mound activity and non-termite inhabitants. We found a diversity of taxa, most of which were unaffected by understory management. Mound volume and termite activity had taxa-specific effects on abundance. Preserving mounds in oil palm plantations will benefit biodiversity.</p>
Data set open access of Palm Oil Supply Chain
<p>This data set including interview recorded as the qualitative data, picture, draft article, and interview transcript. This is open access data.</p>
Estimation of worker population size-density by nest counting in the Asian weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and it's dynamic in oil palm plantations industry
<p>Supplementary material-information supporting the article of research related to the Asian weaver ant population size-density in the oil palm plantations. The findings suggested an abundant numerical amount of individual workers per colony. The weaver ant were self-sustainable surviving during long years i.e. more than 20 years. This is the first study carried out on a large scale in oil palm plantation directly in the field by gathering only empirical data and monitor the population dynamic on a long term basis. </p>
Data set and analytic codes supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia"
<p>This deposit contains data set and analytic codes (with a meta data) supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia".</p> <p>We investigated how habitat structure and complexity within smallholding oil palm plantations affected resource-use behaviours of two common butterfly species in the study areas (oil palm plantations in Banting, Selangor, Malaysia): Leptosia nina (Pieridae) and Ypthima spp. (Nymphalidae). Using direct-observation methods we developed, we followed seven and nine individuals of each species respectively, for three minutes in smallholder-owned immature monoculture and polyculture oil palm, and mature monoculture oil palm plantations. We recorded distance travelled by each individual from both straight line and the sums of distances between all perching points, and the position and characteristics of each perch location, where the individual landed. We compared our observations to control runs, generated by pairing observed distances travelled, but selecting the direction for each movement at random. By comparing the distance travelled and characteristics of locations used by butterflies and paired control points across habitats, we assessed how individuals in the two species used the local environment and whether this differed with habitat structure and complexity.</p> <p>Funding and research permission: Jardine Foundation, the Cambridge Trust, and Tim Whitmore Fund funded MFH, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) funded JS (USN: 304338625), and BBSRC (BB/T012366/1) funded the establishment of the plots and surveys of environmental parameters. Research permission was granted by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) of Malaysia’s Prime Minister’s Department for MFH (Ref: EPU 40/200/19/3727) and JS (Ref: MEA 40/200/19/3705).</p>
Fig. 3 in Fatty acid isoprenoid alcohol ester synthesis in fruits of the African Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)
Fig. 3. Fatty acid isoprenoid alchohol ester content in leaves of African Oil Palm. The wax ester fraction was isolated from green leaves by solid phase extractions. Fatty acid phytyl esters (FAPEs) and fatty acid geranylgeranyl esters (FAGGEs) were quantified by Q-TOF MS/MS analysis. Data show mean ± SD, n = 3.
Fig. 1 in Fatty acid isoprenoid alcohol ester synthesis in fruits of the African Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)
Fig. 1. Schematic overview of isoprenoid alcohol metabolism in African Oil Palm. Geranygeranyldiphosphate (geranylgeranyl-PP) can be esterified with chlorophyllide yielding geranylgeranylchlorophyll, or dephosphorylated to yield geranylgeraniol. Geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll is reduced to phytol-containing chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), and the resulting phytol tail can be released. Isoprenoid alcohols can be esterified with fatty acids producing FAPE and FAGGE, respectively, presumably by one of the EgELT enzymes in Oil Palm. Geranylgeranyl-PP is the substrate for the synthesis of carotenoids and tocotrienol. Phytol can be phosphorylated two times by VTE5 and VTE6 yielding phytyl-diphosphate (phytol-PP), the precursor for tocopherol synthesis.
Fig. 5 in Fatty acid isoprenoid alcohol ester synthesis in fruits of the African Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)
Fig. 5. Fatty acid FAPE and FAGGE contents and composition in kernels of wild accessions of the African Oil Palm. The wax ester fraction was isolated from kernel tissue of the Deli x La Me´line and of wild accessions by solid phase extraction. FAPEs and FAGGEs were quantified by Q-TOF MS/MS analysis. (a) Total FAPE contents; (b) total and FAGGE contents; (c) FAPE composition; (d) FAGGE composition. Data are mean and SD, n =3. Values significantly different from Deli x La M´e; *P <0.05; **P <0.01; Student's t-test.
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