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223 results for “ammonia”
Evolution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea related to global events
<p>Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are chemolithoautotrophs that dominate nitrification in today's low ammonium ocean, playing critical roles in the global nitrogen cycle, alongside ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) that favor higher ammonium environments. Nitrification may have occurred soon after the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis and provided fundamental nutrients for the emergence of eukaryotic organisms in the Proterozoic; however, the timing of biological evidence remains unclear. Here we show using phylogenetic models that AOA occurred ~1,165 (1,928-880) Mya in a terrestrial geothermal environment, ~652 (767-554) Mya in low temperature soil niches, and ~509 (629-412) Mya in aquatic environments. AOA originated in marine settings around 362 (478-274) Mya, which was followed by the rapid diversification of shallow- and deep- subgroups around 315 (478-207) Mya and 309 (460-207) Mya, respectively, leading to today's domination of AOA in global oceans. The radiation of thermophilic AOA into mesophilic terrestrial soil may have been triggered by the 'snowball Earth' events of the Cryogenian Period and their 'hothouse Earth' aftermaths. The radiation of AOA into the deep ocean had to await the persistent oxygenation of the deep ocean that was associated with the rise of land plants. Our genetic analyses integrated with a geochemical data and a modeling framework offers an intriguing linkage between microbial evolution and the belated oxygenation of the deep ocean in the Paleozoic Era.</p>
Gas phase acid, ammonia and aerosol ionic and trace element concentrations at Cape Verde during the Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) 2007 intensive sampling period
<p>The data files are in NASA Ames Format.</p> <p>A full description of the data set has been published in the journal<br> Earth System Science Data at http://www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/5/385.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset for AMT paper "Ammonia emissions from a grazed field estimated by miniDOAS measurements and inverse dispersion modelling"
<p>Single excel file containing 30 minute averaged measurements and model outputs. Includes miniDOAS concentration measurements, sonic anemometer (Gill WindMaster) wind & turbulence, environmental measurements (relative humidity, rainfall, temperature, net radiation flux), deposition velocity resistance components (measured Ra and Rb and modelled Rc), and bLS-R model outputs (dispersion coefficients, also known as C/E ratios). These data provide the model inputs required to run the bLS-R dispersion model, (alternatively the WindTrax dispersion model can be used). The emissions from the field during both measuring periods can be determined from the measured horizontal concentration gradient and the simulated dispersion coefficients (Emissions = (Cdownwind-Cupwind)/Dispersion coefficient).</p>
Ammonia oxidation and urea oxidation in Chesapeake Bay and in the global ocean
<p>Two datasets are included in this submission. One dataset contains newly meausured ammonia oxidation, urea oxidation, nitrous oxide production from ammonium and urea in Chesapeake Bay, one of the largest estuaries in the world. The other dataset contains compiled observations of ammonia oxidation, urea oxidation, qPCR analysis of amoA and ureC gene abundance in the global ocean from previous studies. </p> <p><span>Tang, W.</span>, <span>C. Hexter</span>, <span>R. Dai</span>, et al. <span>2025</span>. “ <span>Substrate Effect on the Contribution of Ammonium and Urea to Marine Nitrification and Nitrous Oxide Production</span>.” <em>Environmental Microbiology</em> <span>27</span>, no. <span>10</span>: e70187. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.70187">https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.70187</a>.</p>
Low-Temperature Vacuum Evaporation of Ammonia from Pig Slurry at Laboratory and Pilot-Plant Scale (Data sets)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Geometries for "X-ray Absorption Spectra for Aqueous Ammonia and Ammonium: Quantum Mechanical versus Molecular Mechanical Embedding Schemes"
<p>195 clusters of ammonia and ammonium in water, used in <em>"X-ray Absorption Spectra for Aqueous Ammonia and Ammonium: Quantum Mechanical versus Molecular Mechanical Embedding Schemes"</em></p> <p>The geometries were first used in <em>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</em> 2017, 139, 36, 12773–12783, and later in <em>J. Phys. Chem. Lett.</em> 2021, 12, 36, 8865–8871</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for "Neutron scattering and neural-network quantum molecular dynamics investigation of the vibrations of ammonia along the solid-to-liquid transition"
<p>Data for "Neutron scattering and neural-network quantum molecular dynamics investigation of the vibrations of ammonia along the solid-to-liquid transition".</p> <p>neutron_data.zip --> neutron data in .nxspe form. S(Q,E) calculated using the DAVE software. Includes logbook spreadsheet. </p> <p>Training_Data.xyz --> xyz file containing training data used to generate Allegro machine learning forcefield in the paper</p> <p>nh3_pimd.deploy --> Trained Allegro model to that can be used in LAMMPS and RXMD software a ML forcefield </p> <p>POSCAR_UNIT_CELL_AMMONIA --> NH3 unit cell in solid phase in POSCAR format that can be read by the VASP software used to perform the DFT simmulations.</p>
DatabaseNH3 : EOM ammonia emission factor measured with INRAE Caract'Air device (under controlled conditions)
<p>This dataset includes ammonia volatilization measurements led by ECOSYS INRAE with Caract’Air device. Ammonia measurements, based on the principle of a mass balance in dynamic chambers are performed under thoroughly controlled and replicative conditions. Caract’Air was designed to be as close as possible to field conditions (in situ soil cores) while optimizing ambient conditions (temperature, air humidity and soil water content) and exchange conditions (flow rate, head volume, air circulation conditions) (Génermont et al., 2021; Décuq et al., 2023). A variety of EOMs are represented ranging from historic livestock effluents and manure to emerging biowastes produced by human urban and agro-industrial activities, all these biowastes having undergone a variety of treatments: raw, separated, composted, anaerobically stored slurries, farm yard manure, sewage sludges, municipal and domestic wastes; various digestats from mechanization; urine based fertilizers; etc. The types and origins of the EOM are reported. The physico-chemical properties of the EOM as well as soils on which the EOM were applied are detailed, leading to 20 and 30 parameters accompanied by information on analytical methods. Measurement conditions are also described including the application dose, the experimental set duration, the ambient conditions, and also the reproductibily conditions, etc. Finally, ammonia volatilization data are compiled, in terms of total cumulative loss (kg N/ha) or volatilization rates (% N and % N-NH4 applied).</p>
Ammonia emissions from urea fertilization – multi-annual micrometeorological measurements across Germany [Dataset]
<p>To evaluate the accuracy of the current emission factor (EF) for conventional urea in Germany, ammonia (NH₃) emissions were measured using the integrated horizontal flux (IHF) method with ALPHA passive samplers following urea applications in 2021–2023. Measurements were conducted across six agroecological regions under winter wheat cropping, with nitrogen application rates of 145–230 kg N ha⁻¹, resulting in 51 campaigns.</p> <p>Emission rates (NH₃Ninput) ranged from 1.1% to 20.7% (median 4.8%, mean 8.5%), significantly lower than the 2019 IPCC (14.2%) and 2023 EMEP (16.1% for pH < 7) estimates. NH₃Ninput was influenced by soil texture and rainfall but not nitrogen application rates, with higher emissions observed on sandy soils.</p> <p>These findings suggest current EFs overestimate NH₃ emissions from urea applied to winter wheat in Germany. While emissions may vary due to inter-annual and environmental factors, a national EF for Germany could improve NH₃ emission estimates and the evaluation of mitigation strategies.</p>
Rapid increase in China's industrial ammonia emissions: evidence from unit-based mapping
<p>Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) is an important precursor of secondary inorganic aerosols and greatly impacts nitrogen deposition and acid rain. Previous studies have mainly focused on the agricultural NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, while recent research has noted that industrial sources could be significant in China. However, detailed estimates of NH<sub>3</sub> emitted from industrial sectors in China are lacking. Here we established an unprecedented high-spatial-resolution dataset of China's industrial NH<sub>3</sub> emissions using up-to-date measurements of NH<sub>3</sub> and point source-level information covering eight major industries and 27 subdivided process categories. We found that China emitted 798 (90% confidence interval: 668–933) gigagrams of industrial NH<sub>3</sub> to the atmosphere in 2019, equivalent to 44±20% of the industrial emissions worldwide; this flux is three-fold larger than that in 1998 and has fluctuated since 2014. Furthermore, although fertilizer production is responsible for approximately half of the emissions in China, the emissions from cement production and coal-fired power plants increased dramatically from near zero to 164 and 41 gigagrams, respectively, in the past two decades, primarily due to the NH<sub>3</sub> escape caused by the large-scale application of the denitration process. Our results reveal that, unlike other major air pollutants, China's industrial NH<sub>3</sub> emission control is still in a critical period, and stricter NH<sub>3</sub> emission standards and innovation in pollution control technologies are highly desirable.</p>
Ammonia recovery from food waste digestate using solar heat-assisted stripping-absorption
<p>The highest costs of stripping-absorption processes for ammonia recovery are related to energy (for heating and air supply) and chemical addition (for pH adjustment). In this paper, a simplified system that used no chemicals, and a renewable source of energy for heating, was tested to recover nitrogen as ammonium sulfate from food waste digestate. pH adjustment was achieved by CO<sub>2</sub> stripping, and vacuum tube solar collectors were used to provide heating. The effect of different temperatures (25 °C and 45 °C) and gas to liquid ratios (1700 and 2600) on ammonia removal and recovery were assessed. Ammonia removal efficiencies higher than 91% were achieved for all evaluated experimental conditions. The solar heater showed adequate capacity to increase the temperature of the liquid digestate by 21 °C and maintain the temperature at 45 °C throughout the experiment. Tests carried out at 45 °C achieved the highest ammonia removal efficiency (98%) at the lowest evaluated G/L ratio (1700). Better absorption efficiencies could potentially have been achieved if lower inlet airflow rates and packing material had been used in the absorption column.</p>
Measuring deposition of ammonia emitted by a dairy farm using biomonitors
<p>Raw data for bachelor project where biomonitors were used to measure nitrogen deposition around a dairy farm.</p>
Data for: Reproductive colonization of land by frogs: Embryos and larvae excrete urea to avoid ammonia toxicity
<p>Vertebrate colonization of land occurred multiple times, including over 50 origins of terrestrial eggs in frogs. Some environmental factors and phenotypic responses that facilitated these transitions are known, but responses to water constraints and risk of ammonia toxicity during early development are poorly understood. We tested if ammonia accumulation and dehydration risk induce a shift from ammonia to urea excretion during in early stages of four anurans, from three origins of terrestrial development. We quantified ammonia and urea concentrations during early development on land, under well-hydrated and dry conditions. Where we found urea excretion, we tested for a plastic increase under dry conditions and with ammonia accumulation in developmental environments. We assessed the potential adaptive role of urea excretion by comparing ammonia tolerance measured in 96h-LC<sub>50</sub> tests with ammonia levels in developmental environments. Ammonia accumulated in foam nests and perivitelline fluid, increasing over development and reaching higher concentrations under dry conditions. All four species showed high ammonia tolerance, compared to fishes and aquatic-breeding frogs. Both nest-dwelling larvae of <em>Leptodactylus fragilis</em> and late embryos of <em>Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni</em> excreted urea, showing a plastic increase under dry conditions. These two species can develop the longest on land and urea excretion appears adaptive, preventing their exposure to potentially lethal levels of ammonia. Neither late embryos of <em>Agalychnis callidryas</em> nor nest-dwelling larvae of <em>Engystomops pustulosus</em> experienced toxic ammonia levels under dry conditions, and neither excreted urea. Our results suggests that an early onset of urea excretion, its increase under dry conditions, and elevated ammonia tolerance, can all help prevent ammonia toxicity during terrestrial development. High ammonia represents a general risk for development which may be exacerbated as climate change increases dehydration risk for terrestrial-breeding frogs. It may also be a cue that elicits adaptive physiological responses during early development.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Freire CA, Rios LP, Giareta EP, Castellano GC (2017) Oxygen consumption remains stable while ammonia excretion is reduced upon short time exposure to high salinity in Macrobrachium acanthurus (Caridae: Palaemonidae), a recent freshwater colonizer. Zoologia 34: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e20173
Figure S1. Cephalothorax of Macrobrachium acanthurus exposed to salinities 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30 psu for 4 or 8 hours. : Data type: JPEG image file
Top-down control of ammonia oxidizers in the North Pacific
<p>necessary data and programs for the submitted manuscript</p>
Dataset,MATLAB Programs, and supported model of "Top-down control of ammonia oxidizers by grazing in the North Pacific"
<p>Dataset,MATLAB Programs, and supported model of "Top-down control of ammonia oxidizers by grazing in the North Pacific". For the detailed information, see in the paper "Top-down control of ammonia oxidizers by grazing in the North Pacific".</p>
Top-down control of ammonia oxidizers in the North Pacific
<p>Dataset and Matlab programs in the submitted "Top-down control of ammonia oxidizers by grazing in the North Pacific ".</p>
Ammonia and ammonia/hydrogen combustion: Comprehensive quantitative assessment of kinetic models and examination of critical parameters
<p>This repository contains data on laminar burning velocity, ignition delay time, and species concentration measured in fundamental combustion experiments involving ammonia and ammonia/hydrogen mixtures. The data, compiled from literature sources, is used in the publication titled 'Ammonia and ammonia/hydrogen combustion: Comprehensive quantitative assessment of kinetic models and examination of critical parameters' in Combustion and Flame.</p>
FIGURE 21. Cerceris tricolorata Spinola, 1839 in A revision of bupresticida species group of Cerceris Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Philanthinae) of the Western Palearctic region, with the description of Cerceris ammonia, a new species from Egypt
FIGURE 21. Cerceris tricolorata Spinola, 1839 (♂): A, frontal view of head; B, dorsal view of thorax (part), T1, T2; C, ventral view of gaster; D, lateral view of last gastral segments (showing lateral spines on T 6 and S6).
FIGURE 19. Cerceris tricolorata Spinola, 1839 in A revision of bupresticida species group of Cerceris Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Philanthinae) of the Western Palearctic region, with the description of Cerceris ammonia, a new species from Egypt
FIGURE 19. Cerceris tricolorata Spinola, 1839 (♀): A, frontal view of head; B, metanotum and propodeum; C, pygidial plate; D, gastral S 5 (showing postero-medial emargination).
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