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160 results for “cell size”
Dataset from: Changes in cell size and shape during 50,000 generations of experimental evolution with Escherichia coli
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Data from: Phytoplankton growth and stoichiometric responses to warming, nutrient addition and grazing depend on lake productivity and cell size
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Cell size, chlorophyll fluorescence and cadmium bioaccumulation between wild-type and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii upon exposure to cadmium
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Cell counts (per liter) by size groups of diatoms, autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton, via epifluorescent microscopy (EPI) from CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current region, 2006 - 2016.
Microbial community assemblages of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) are assessed for abundance of diatoms, autotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) and heterotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) plankton using high-throughput digital epifluorescence microscopy (EPI). Samples to estimate the nano- and microplankton (0.2-2.0-µm and 2.0-20-µm size, respectively) are collected at various depths, preserved, stained, and filtered onto a membrane filter and mounted on a glass microscope slide aboard the process cruises (since 2006, ongoing). Slides are then frozen at -80°C for subsequent imaging and analysis in the laboratory onshore.
Size group (pico, nano, micro) and group total carbon estimates from cell counts via epifluorescent microscopy (EPI) of heterotrophic and autotrophic plankton from CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current region, 2006 - 2016
Microbial community assemblages of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) are assessed for biomass of heterotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) and autotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) plankton using high-throughput digital epifluorescence microscopy (EPI). Samples to estimate the nano- and microplankton (0.2-2.0-µm and 2.0-20-µm size, respectively) are collected at various depths, preserved, stained, and filtered onto a membrane filter and mounted on a glass microscope slide aboard the process cruises (since 2006, ongoing). Slides are then frozen at -80°C for subsequent imaging and analysis in the laboratory onshore. Carbon biomass is computed from cell biovolumes.
Size group (pico, nano, micro) and group total carbon estimates from cell counts via epifluorescent microscopy (EPI) of heterotrophic and autotrophic plankton from CCE-CalCOFI Augmented cruises in the California Current System, 2004 - 2011 (ongoing).
Microbial community assemblages of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) are assessed for biomass of heterotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) and autotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) plankton using high-throughput digital epifluorescence microscopy (EPI). Samples to estimate the nano- and microplankton (0.2-2.0-µm and 2.0-20-µm size, respectively) are collected at various depths via Niskin bottles, preserved, stained, and filtered onto a membrane filter and mounted on a glass microscope slide aboard the quarterly CalCOFI survey cruises (since 2004, ongoing). Slides are then frozen at -80°C for subsequent imaging and analysis in the laboratory onshore. Carbon biomass is computed from cell biovolumes.
Cell counts (per liter) by size groups of diatoms, autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton, via epifluorescent microscopy (EPI) from CCE-CalCOFI Augmented cruises in the California Current System, 2004 - 2011 (ongoing).
Microbial community assemblages of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) are assessed for abundance of diatoms, autotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) and heterotrophic (dinoflagellate and other eukaryotes) plankton using high-throughput digital epifluorescence microscopy (EPI). Samples to estimate the nano- and microplankton (0.2-2.0-µm and 2.0-20-µm size, respectively) are collected at various depths via Niskin bottles, preserved, stained, and filtered onto a membrane filter and mounted on a glass microscope slide aboard the quarterly CalCOFI survey cruises (since 2004, ongoing). Slides are then frozen at -80°C for subsequent imaging and analysis in the laboratory onshore.
METHODS. Bovine ilia were used in the simulations because their histological structure (a fibrolamellar cortex overlying cancellous bone26) was found to match that of the Triceratops ilium. Bone sections 10 x 50 x 縠 3.0 cm with cortices ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mm in depth (the range of initial cortical-thickness estimates based on gross morphology) were mounted on a servohydraulic mechanical loading frame (MTS Bionix, Minneapolis) and penetrated with an aluminium-bronze T. rex tooth replica. The replica was cast from an actual adult T. rex maxillary tooth, after casts made from some ofthe deeper bite marks revealed the size and shape of the teeth that had impacted the pelvis8 • The replica was penetrated into the ilia sections at 1 mm s-1 to a depth of 11.5 mm, equivalent to the maximum depth of the deepest ilium bite mark8 • Forces were measured with an MTS 25 N strain-gauge-based axial load cell accurate to 0.2%. The forces increased with increasing penetration depth even after the cortical layer had been perforated and the underlying cancellous bone was being crushed. The increase in force with penetration depth is attributed to a greater cortical surface area coming into contact with the semi-conical penetrator tooth as it descended through the ilia. in Bite-force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from tooth-marked bones
METHODS. Bovine ilia were used in the simulations because their histological structure (a fibrolamellar cortex overlying cancellous bone26) was found to match that of the Triceratops ilium. Bone sections 10 x 50 x 縠 3.0 cm with cortices ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mm in depth (the range of initial cortical-thickness estimates based on gross morphology) were mounted on a servohydraulic mechanical loading frame (MTS Bionix, Minneapolis) and penetrated with an aluminium-bronze T. rex tooth replica. The replica was cast from an actual adult T. rex maxillary tooth, after casts made from some ofthe deeper bite marks revealed the size and shape of the teeth that had impacted the pelvis8 • The replica was penetrated into the ilia sections at 1 mm s-1 to a depth of 11.5 mm, equivalent to the maximum depth of the deepest ilium bite mark8 • Forces were measured with an MTS 25 N strain-gauge-based axial load cell accurate to 0.2%. The forces increased with increasing penetration depth even after the cortical layer had been perforated and the underlying cancellous bone was being crushed. The increase in force with penetration depth is attributed to a greater cortical surface area coming into contact with the semi-conical penetrator tooth as it descended through the ilia.
Data: Size-dependent patterns of cell proliferation and migration in freely-expanding epithelia
<p>Raw images ('*.tif" file extensions) and core measurement files ('*.mat file extension). For small and large circles, we include images of phase, GFP, RFP, and nuclei. We also include two ellipses in phase. '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/t0SummaryStats.mat">t0SummaryStats.mat</a>' gives information for the starting conditions of tissues represented by the '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/PIVunsmoothed.mat">PIVunsmoothed.mat</a>' and '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/Kymographs.mat">Kymographs.mat</a>' datasets. '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/ContinuityEqn_FVM.m">ContinuityEqn_FVM.m</a>' includes the solution to the continuity equation via the finite volume method as detailed in the materials and methods, and relies on data in '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/Kymographs.mat">Kymographs.mat</a>' and '<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/f94dc36b-aa3a-40f5-800a-035282fdfad7/t0SummaryStats_continuityEqn.mat">t0SummaryStats_continuityEqn.mat</a>'.</p>
Data from: Cell-size distribution in epithelial tissue formation and homeostasis
How cell growth and proliferation are orchestrated in living tissues to achieve a given biological function is a central problem in biology. During development, tissue regeneration and homeostasis, cell proliferation must be coordinated by spatial cues in order for cells to attain the correct size and shape. Biological tissues also feature a notable homogeneity of cell size, which, in specific cases, represents a physiological need. Here, we study the temporal evolution of the cell-size distribution by applying the theory of kinetic fragmentation to tissue development and homeostasis. Our theory predicts self-similar probability density function (PDF) of cell size and explains how division times and redistribution ensure cell size homogeneity across the tissue. Theoretical predictions and numerical simulations of confluent non-homeostatic tissue cultures show that cell size distribution is self-similar. Our experimental data confirm predictions and reveal that, as assumed in the theory, cell division times scale like a power-law of the cell size. We find that in homeostatic conditions there is a stationary distribution with lognormal tails, consistently with our experimental data. Our theoretical predictions and numerical simulations show that the shape of the PDF depends on how the space inherited by apoptotic cells is redistributed and that apoptotic cell rates might also depend on size.
Data from: Positive size-speed relationships in gametes and vegetative cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; implications for the evolution of sperm.
It is commonly held that differences in gametes of the two sexes (anisogamy) evolved from ancestors whose gametes were similar in size and behaviour (isogamy). Underlying many hypotheses explaining anisogamy are assumed relationships between cell size and speed in the ancestral isogamous population. Using the isogamous alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we explored size-speed distributions in vegetative and gamete cells of ten cell lines, and clonal data from within two cell lines. We applied an independent speed selection approach to gamete populations of C. reinhardtii, monitoring correlated responses in size following selection for high speed. We demonstrate positive size-speed relationships in clones, cell lines and artificially selected speed selection lines. We found different size-speed relationships in the two cell types of C. reinhardtii even though they overlap in size, suggesting that cell composition and/or programs of gene expression are capable of altering this relationship, and that the relationship is evolvable. The positive genetic size-speed correlation means that the division of parent vegetative cells into numerous gametes trades off against not only size but also speed, a trade-off that has not received previous attention. Our results support re-evaluating the role of speed selection in the evolution of anisogamy.
Data from: Cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density of hemp shiv
This paper, for the first time, fully characterises the intrinsic physical parameters of hemp shiv including cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed microstructural features similar to hardwoods. Confocal Microscopy revealed three major layers in the cell wall: middle lamella, primary cell wall and secondary cell wall. Computed tomography improved the visualisation of pore shape and pore connectivity in three dimensions. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed the average accessible porosity was 76.67 ± 2.03 % and pore size classes could be distinguished into micropores (3-10 nm) and macropores (0.1-1 µm and 20-80 µm). The absolute density was evaluated by helium pycnometry, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and Archimedes' methods. The results show that these methods can lead to misinterpretation of absolute density. The MIP method showed a realistic absolute density (1.45 g/cm3) consistent with the density of the known constituents: including lignin, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. However, helium pycnometry and Archimedes' methods gave falsely low values due to 10% of the volume being inaccessible pores, which require sample pretreatment in order to be filled by liquid or gas. This indicates that the determination of the cell wall density is strongly dependent on sample geometry and preparation.
Data from: Plastic and evolutionary responses of cell size and number to larval malnutrition in Drosophila melanogaster
Both development and evolution under chronic malnutrition lead to reduced adult size in Drosophila. We studied the contribution of changes in size vs. number of epidermal cells to plastic and evolutionary reduction of wing size in response to poor larval food. We used flies from six populations selected for tolerance to larval malnutrition and from six unselected control populations, raised either under standard conditions or under larval malnutrition. In the control populations, phenotypic plasticity of wing size was mediated by both cell size and cell number. In contrast, evolutionary change in wing size, which was only observed as a correlated response expressed on standard food, was mediated entirely by reduction in cell number. Plasticity of cell number had been lost in the selected populations, and cell number did not differ between the sexes despite males having smaller wings. Results of this and other experimental evolution studies are consistent with the hypothesis that alleles which increase body size through prolonged growth affect wing size mostly via cell number, whereas alleles which increase size through higher growth rate do so via cell size.
FIGURE 1 in Effect of cell size and thresholds in NDM/NVDM methods on recognizing areas of endemism
FIGURE 1. Study area. Polygon of the Sierra Madre Oriental.
Text-fig. 6. Quercus sp. Red Oak, UF 279-24550. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous to diffuse-porous; vessels exclusively solitary; thinwalled tyloses in wide vessels; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma; rays of two distinct sizes. TS. c: Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. d: Vessel-vasicentric tracheid pitting, RLS. e: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, vertically elongate, RLS. f: Narrow rays 1-2 cells wide, TLS. g: Ray composed of procumbent cells, RLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, c; 50 µm in d, f, g; 20 µm in e. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 6. Quercus sp. Red Oak, UF 279-24550. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous to diffuse-porous; vessels exclusively solitary; thinwalled tyloses in wide vessels; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma; rays of two distinct sizes. TS. c: Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. d: Vessel-vasicentric tracheid pitting, RLS. e: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, vertically elongate, RLS. f: Narrow rays 1-2 cells wide, TLS. g: Ray composed of procumbent cells, RLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, c; 50 µm in d, f, g; 20 µm in e.
Fig. 3 in Genome size of chrysophytes varies with cell size and nutritional mode
Fig. 3 Regression analysis of log (genome size [pg]) and log (cell volume [μm3]). Different colors represent the different nutritional modes present (light green = phototrophic; drak red = heterotrophic; blue = mixotrophic). The analysis displays a positive relationship between genome size and cell volume for heterotrophic and phototrophic chrysophyte strains. There is no positive relationship within mixotrophic chrysophyte strains
Combinatorial Strategy for Studying Biochemical Pathways in Double Emulsion Templated Cell-Sized Compartments
<p>Data underlying the figures in the publication “Combinatorial Strategy for Studying Biochemical Pathways in Double Emulsion Templated Cell-Sized Compartments”, published in <em>Adv. Mater</em>., <strong>2020</strong>, 32, 2004804. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202004804">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202004804</a></p> <p>Table of contents:</p> <p><strong>1. Figure 2</strong>; Zip file containing the data for <em>Figure 2</em>. It contains 5 files with the corresponding data:</p> <p><strong> 1.1 Figure 2a-b</strong>: Microscopy images and a video of the emulsions flowing in the main channel of the microfluidic chip, and data for <em>Figure 2b</em> containing the numerical data for the histograms and their corresponding regressed normal distributions out of 2361 measured droplets.</p> <p><strong> 1.2 Figure 2c</strong>: Dataset for <em>Figure 2c</em>, containing the numerical data for the inner and outer diameter variation as a function of the outer phase flow rate.</p> <p><strong> 1.3 Figure 2d</strong>: Dataset for <em>Figure 2d</em>, containing the numerical data for the inner and outer diameter variation as a function of the flow rate ratio.</p> <p><strong> 1.4 Figure 2f</strong>: Dataset for <em>Figure 2f</em>, containing the numerical data for the histogram and its regressed normal distribution and the corresponding image.</p> <p><strong> 1.5 Figure 2g-h-i</strong>: Dataset for <em>Figure 2g, 2h</em> and <em>2i</em>, containing the CLSM image of GUVs loaded with carboxyfluorescein at the beginning of the permeability experiment and the numerical values for the fluorescence studies (<em>Figures 2h</em> and <em>2i</em>).</p> <p><strong>2. Figure 4</strong>; Zip file containing the data for <em>Figure 4h-q</em>. It contains 10 files with the numerical data for the fluorescence study graphs showing the change in intensity over time of fluorescein (<em>Figures 4h-l</em>) and resorufin (<em>Figures 4</em>m-q).</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Pulina S, Lugliè A, Mariani MA, Sarria M, Sechi N, Padedda BM (2019) Multiannual decrement of nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton cell size in a Mediterranean reservoir. In: Mazzocchi MG, Capotondi L, Freppaz M, Lugliè A, Campanaro A (Eds) Italian Long-Term Ecological Research for understanding ecosystem diversity and functioning. Case studies from aquatic, terrestrial and transitional domains. Nature Conservation 34: 163-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.34.30116
: Data type: multimedia
Supplementary material 1 from: Pulina S, Lugliè A, Mariani MA, Sarria M, Sechi N, Padedda BM (2019) Multiannual decrement of nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton cell size in a Mediterranean reservoir. In: Mazzocchi MG, Capotondi L, Freppaz M, Lugliè A, Campanaro A (Eds) Italian Long-Term Ecological Research for understanding ecosystem diversity and functioning. Case studies from aquatic, terrestrial and transitional domains. Nature Conservation 34: 163-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.34.30116
: Data type: multimedia
Antigen discrimination by T cells relies on size-constrained microvillar contacts
<p>Raw imaging data for publication with the same name. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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