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332 results for “environmental conditions”
Data from: Environmental conditions during development affect sexual selection through trait-fitness relationships
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Russian Arctic Vegetation Archive – a new database of plant community composition and environmental conditions
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The trait-mediated trade-off between growth and survival depends on tree sizes and environmental conditions
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Data from: Female chorus frogs delay mate choice under suboptimal environmental conditions
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Rapid diversification of gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) driven by geographic isolation and extreme environmental conditions in the Arabian Peninsula
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Data and R-scripts from: Multiple stressors: negative effects of nest predation on the viability of a threatened gull in different environmental conditions
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Effects of genetic vs. environmental quality on condition-dependent morphological and life history traits in a neriid fly
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Environmental conditions modulate warming effects on plant litter decomposition globally
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Data from: Environmental and geographic conditions on the breeding grounds drive Bergmannian clines in nightjars
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Linking spatial variations in life-history traits to environmental conditions across American black bear populations
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Data of the paper: Ensemble daily simulations for elucidating cloud–aerosol interactions under a large spread of realistic environmental conditions
<p>Data of the paper: Ensemble daily simulations for elucidating cloud–aerosol interactions under a large spread of realistic environmental conditions</p> <p> </p> <p>The name of variable are as in the paper</p>
Raw mass spectrometry data for publication "Vertebrate cellular endolysosome modulating pore-forming protein is negatively regulated by its homologue under environmental oxidative conditions"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Endolysosomes are key players in cell physiology, including material exchange, immunity and environmental adaptation etc. Bacterial pore-forming toxin aerolysin-like proteins (ALPs) are widely distributed in animals and plants. βγ-CAT is a complex of an ALP (BmALP1) and a trefoil factor (BmTFF3) in the frog <em>Bombina maxima</em>. It is the first example that a secreted endogenous pore-forming protein modulates the biochemical properties of endolysosomes via pore formation in these vesicles. Here, we report the identification of BmALP3, a homologue of BmALP1 that lacks membrane pore formation capacity. Both BmALP3 and BmALP1 contain a conserved cysteine in their C-terminal regions. BmALP3 was readily oxidized to disulfide bond linked homodimer, and the homodimer could then oxidize BmALP1 via disulfide bond exchange, resulting in the dissociation of βγ-CAT subunits and elimination of its biological activity. Consistent with its behavior <em>in vitro</em>, BmALP3 senses environmental oxygen tension <em>in vivo</em>, leading to modulation of βγ-CAT activity. Interestingly, this C-terminal cysteine site is well conserved in numerous vertebrate ALPs. These findings, for the first time, uncovered the existence of a regulatory ALP (BmALP3) and its modulating action on a cell executive ALP (BmALP1) in a redox-dependent manner, which is completely different from that of bacterial toxin aerolysins.</p>
Data for: Environmental conditions alter behavioural organization and rhythmicity of a large Arctic ruminant across the annual cycle
<p><span>The existence and persistence of rhythmicity in animal activity during phases of environmental change is of interest in ecology and chronobiology. A wide diversity of biological rhythms in response to</span> <span>exogenous </span>conditions and internal stimuli have been uncovered, especially for polar vertebrates. However, empirical data supporting circadian organization of large ruminating herbivores remains inconclusive. <span>Using year-round tracking data of the largest Arctic ruminant, the muskox (</span><i>Ovibos moschatus</i><span>), we modelled rhythmicity as a function of behaviour and environmental conditions. Behavioural states were classified based on patterns in hourly movements, and incorporated within a periodicity analyses framework. We found that ultradian rhythmicity was prevalent when muskoxen were foraging and resting in mid-winter (continuous darkness). However, the probability of rhythmicity declined with increasing photoperiod until largely disrupted in mid-summer (continuous light). Individuals that remained rhythmic during mid-summer foraged in areas with lower plant productivity (NDVI) than arrhythmic individuals. We conclude that muskoxen may use internal time keeping when forage resources are low, but that the importance of this mechanism weakens once environmental conditions allow energetic reserves to be replenished. We argue that alimentary function and metabolic requirements are critical determinants of biological rhythmicity in muskoxen, which likely applies to ruminating herbivores in general. </span></p>
Meerkat helpers buffer the detrimental effects of adverse environmental conditions on fecundity, growth and survival
<p>1. Recent comparative studies show that cooperative breeding is positively correlated with harsh and unpredictable environments and it is suggested that this association occurs because helpers buffer the negative effects of adverse ecological conditions on fitness.</p> <p>2. In the Kalahari, rainfall varies widely between- and within years, affecting primary production and the availability of the principal prey of cooperatively breeding Kalahari meerkats, Suricata suricatta. Our study aimed to establish whether the presence and number of helpers buffer the negative effects of variation in rainfall on the fecundity and body mass of breeding females, and the survival and growth of pups.</p> <p>3. We investigate the relationship between group size and variation in rainfall on dominant female fecundity, body mass, and offspring survival and growth using an additive modeling approach on twenty-one years of individual-based records of the life histories of individual meerkats.</p> <p>4. We show that breeding female fecundity is reduced during periods of low rainfall but that the effects of low rainfall are mitigated by increases in group size and body mass because heavier females and those in larger groups have increased fecundity and reduced interbirth intervals. Pup growth and survival are also reduced during periods of low rainfall, but more so in smaller groups.</p> <p>5. Our results support the suggestion that cooperative breeding mitigates the detrimental effects of adverse environmental conditions and may enhance the capacity of species to occupy environments where food availability is low and unpredictable.</p>
Data from: Pliant pathogens: estimating viral spread when confronted with new vector, host, and environmental conditions
<p>1. Pathogen spread rates are determined, in part, by the performance of pathogens under altered environmental conditions and their ability to persist while switching among hosts and vectors.</p> <p>2. To determine the effects of new conditions (host, vector, and nutrient) on pathogen spread rate, we introduced a vector-borne, viral plant pathogen, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus PAV (BYDV-PAV) into hosts, vectors, and host nutrient supplies that it had not encountered for thousands of viral generations. We quantified pathogen prevalence over the course of two serial inoculations under the new conditions. Using individual level transmission rates from this experiment, we parameterized a dynamical model of disease spread and projected spread across host populations through a growing season. </p> <p>3. A change in nutrient conditions (increased supply of phosphorus) reduced viral transmission whereas shifting to a new vector or host species had no effect on infection prevalence. However, the reduction in the new nutrient environment was only temporary; infection prevalence recovered after the second inoculation.</p> <p><i>4. Synthesis</i>. These results highlight how robust the pathogen, BYDV-PAV, is to changes in its biotic and abiotic environment. Our study also highlights the need to quantify longitudinal infection information beyond snapshot assessments to project disease risk for pathogens in new environments.</p>
Data from: Environmental conditions alter successional trajectories on an ephemeral resource: a field experiment with beetles in dead wood
<p>Successional processes can be observed for many organisms and resources, but most studies of succession have focused on plants. A general framework has been proposed, advocating that successional patterns in species turnover are predominantly driven by competition, dispersal or abiotic limitation, and that the patterning of species accumulation over time gives clues to which process is most influential in a given system. We applied this framework to succession in communities of wood-living beetles, utilizing ephemeral resources in the form of 60 experimentally created dead aspen high stumps. High stumps were created at sun-exposed sites (high ambient temperature; favorable abiotic conditions) and shaded sites (low ambient temperature; abiotically limiting conditions). The sites were intermixed, ensuring similar dispersal opportunities. Beetle species richness and abundance were monitored with flight interception traps over four consecutive years. Consistent with predictions from the tested framework, several beetle functional groups accumulated species more slowly at the unfavorable shaded sites than at the favorable exposed sites. Species richness at the exposed sites increased rapidly to a plateau, consistent with a limiting effect of competition on community development. Similar results were obtained for beetle abundance and community structure. Part of the variance in beetle community structure was jointly explained by habitat and fungal community composition, suggesting that differences in the composition and developmental rate of fungal communities in the two habitats contributed to the observed patterns. Targeted experimental studies are now required to decisively establish what processes underlie the contrasting successional trajectories in the two environments.</p>
Data from: Parameterizing the robust design in the BUGS language: lifetime carry‐over effects of environmental conditions during growth on a long‐lived bird
1. Since the initial development of the robust design, this capture‐recapture model structure has been modified to estimate temporary emigration, and expanded to include auxiliary information such as band recovery and live resight data using maximum likelihood approaches. These developments have allowed investigators to separately assess individual and group effects on true survival, site fidelity, and temporary emigration. Additionally, recent advances in the BUGS language have allowed researchers to develop increasingly complex, user‐specified models in Bayesian frameworks. 2. The robust design has rarely been implemented in the BUGS language, and previous attempts to parameterize the robust design in BUGS exhibited strong bias in estimates of temporary emigration rates. Given the limitations of current parameterizations of the robust design in Bayesian frameworks, and our research objectives, we have developed a parameterization of the robust design in the BUGS language that produces unbiased estimates of all model parameters. 3. We use this novel model structure to examine lifetime carry‐over effects of environmental conditions during early life on annual breeding probabilities of Pacific black brent (Branta bernicla nigricans) breeding on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim River Delta in western Alaska. We found that individuals that were more structurally developed as goslings bred at increased rates as adults (β = 0.14, f = 0.94), with no effect on adult survival (β = 0.01, f = 0.62). Additionally, we provide evidence for long‐term declines in apparent survival of breeding adult females at the population level (β = ‐0.01, f = 0.90). 4. This novel model structure can be easily expanded (Gibson et al., in review), and has important implications for population modelling at broad scales, where we apply it to a declining population of Pacific black brent. Given long‐term declines in gosling growth on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta, we predict future declines in population trajectories as a result of lifetime carry‐over effects of environmental conditions during growth on adult fecundity, and long‐term declines in adult survival.
Shorebird feeding specialists differ in how environmental conditions alter their foraging time
<p>Feeding specialisation is a common cause of individual variation. Fitness payoffs of specialisation vary with environmental conditions, but the underlying behavioural mechanisms are poorly understood. Such mechanistic knowledge, however, is crucial to reliably predict responses of heterogeneous populations to environmental change. We quantified spatiotemporal allocation of foraging behaviour in wintering Eurasian oystercatchers (<i>Haematopus ostralegus</i>), a species in which feeding specialisation can be inferred from bill shape. We combined GPS and accelerometer data to quantify foraging time of 64 individuals for every tidal period in one or two winter seasons. Individuals varied widely in foraging time (3.7-6.5 hours per tidal period) and individuals that spend more time foraging had lower inferred survival. Feeding specialisation appeared a major determinant of individual variation in foraging time and its spatiotemporal allocation. Visually-hunting worm specialists foraged more during day-time and complemented intertidal foraging with grassland foraging when the exposure of intertidal flats was limited and nights were well-illuminated. Shellfish specialists increased total foraging time in cold weather, whereas foraging time of worm specialists decreased as frosty grasslands became inaccessible. Our results imply that worm specialists may be most sensitive to cold snaps and day-time disturbance, while shellfish specialists are most sensitive to high water levels. These behavioural responses can be implemented in population models to predict the vulnerability of heterogeneous populations to environmental change, and thereby provide a shortcut to long-term population studies that require fitness data across many years and conditions to make similar projections.</p>
BBN designed to develop future land-use scenarios for the Sierra Nevada under different environmental and management conditions
<p>Land-use change (deforestation for crops and pastures, reforestation, firewood removal, etc.) constitutes one of the primary drivers of global change, since human activity is to a greater or lesser degree altering the vegetation cover of the planet. The combined effects of climate change and shifts in land use determine the distribution and structure of the vegetation of the Sierra Nevada, and the associated ecosystem services. The surface cover of tree formations in Sierra Nevada has expanded from 15% to 51.23% over the last 60 years. Similarly, a densification of the scattered tree cover and the natural forests and a decline in the surface area occupied by cultivated fields (from 17.8% to 4.72%) has occurred in the last six decades (Zamora, et al, 2016). Therefore, it is important to ascertain future land use change and its effects on the vegetation cover. </p><p>The main purpose of this model is to facilitate the land-use management of Protected Areas (PAs) based on ecosystem services (ES). A BBN is being designed to develop future land-use scenarios for the Sierra Nevada under different environmental and management conditions. Afterwards, we will implement these scenarios in other ES assessment models. The analysis of ES trade-offs in several scenarios will help managers to predict the state of ES and their relations in the future.</p>
Supplementary material data for: Unstable environmental conditions constrain the fine-tune between opsin sensitivity and underwater light in an Amazon forest stream fish
<p>Visual adaptations can stem from variations in amino acid composition, chromophore utilization, and differential opsin gene expression levels, enabling individuals to adjust their light sensitivity to environmental lighting conditions. In stable environments, adaptations often involve amino acid substitutions, whereas in unstable conditions, differential gene expression may be a more relevant mechanism. Amazon forest streams present diverse underwater lighting conditions and experience short-term water colour fluctuations. In these environments, it is less likely for genetic and amino acid sequences to undergo modifications that tailor opsin proteins to the prevailing lighting conditions, particularly in species having several copies of the same gene. The sailfin tetra, <em>Crenuchus spilurus</em>, inhabits black and clear water Amazon forest streams. The long wavelength sensitivity (LWS) is an important component for foraging and courtship. Here, we investigated LWS opsin genes in the <em>sailfin tetra</em>. Three copies of LWS1 and two copies of LWS2 genes were found. The maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) estimated from the amino acid sequences of LWS1 genes exhibited variation among the different copies. In contrast, the copies of LWS2 genes showed identical expected λmax values. Although the amino acid positions affecting λmax varied among LWS genes, they remained consistent among populations living in different water colours. The relative expression levels of LWS genes differed between gene copies. While not formally tested, our results suggest that in fluctuating environments, visual adaptations may primarily stem from alterations in gene expression profiles and/or chromophore usage rather than precise genetic tuning of protein light sensitivity to environmental lighting conditions.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.