Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 3 in BiP-overexpressing soybean plants display accelerated hypersensitivity response (HR) affecting the SA-dependent sphingolipid and flavonoid pathways

Fig. 3. Clustering analysis by Heat Map method of the characterized metabolites by GC/MS in soybean leaves from the WT and C9 genotypes, infected (I) or noninfected (NI) by P. syringae pv. tomato 36 h after inoculation. Differences in the abundance of the metabolites are indicate in response to treatments.

Fig. 6 in BiP-overexpressing soybean plants display accelerated hypersensitivity response (HR) affecting the SA-dependent sphingolipid and flavonoid pathways

Fig. 6. Clustering analysis by Heat Map method of the characterized flavonoids by LC QqQ in soybean leaves from the WT and C9 genotypes, infected (I) or noninfected (NI) by P. syringae pv. tomato 36 h after inoculation. This shows the differences in the abundance of the flavonoids analyzed by LC-MS in response to bacterial infection. Differences in the abundances of the detected flavonoids are indicate in response to treatments. Green color represents a decrease, and red color an increase.

Fig. 7 in BiP-overexpressing soybean plants display accelerated hypersensitivity response (HR) affecting the SA-dependent sphingolipid and flavonoid pathways

Fig. 7. Schematic overview of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway reconstructed using the characterized compounds from soybean leaves. Each colored square box is indicative of the abundance levels of the metabolites involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis and identified for each WT and C9 genotypes, infected (I) or noninfected (NI) by P. syringae pv. tomato. The main flavonoids of pathway are sketched by continuous line while compounds not detected, but intermediate of the pathway, are sketched by dashed line. Compounds marked by blue asterisk were more abundant in the inoculated C9 genotype while compounds marked by red asterisk were more abundant in the inoculated WT genotype.

Fig. 2 in BiP-overexpressing soybean plants display accelerated hypersensitivity response (HR) affecting the SA-dependent sphingolipid and flavonoid pathways

Fig. 2. Analysis of the metabolic profiles of the C9 and WT genotypes in soybean leaves from the WT and C9 genotypes infected (I) or noninfected (NI) by P. syringae pv tomato 36 h after inoculation. In (A) 2D Scores Plot generated by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) of all the metabolites. Points represent analyzed replicates, whereas ellipses indicate 95% confidence region. In (B) Major metabolites responsible for discrimination between inoculated and mock inoculated soybean groups identified by VIP score. Green color represents a decrease, and red color an increase.

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Fig. 7 in Flavonoids in the flowers of Primula × polyantha Mill. and Primula primulina (Spreng.) H. Hara (Primulaceae)

Fig. 7. Fresh flower colors of Primula × polyantha cultivars, and their major pigments. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Flavonoids in the flowers of Primula × polyantha Mill. and Primula primulina (Spreng.) H. Hara (Primulaceae)

Fig. 3. Chemical structures of anthocyanins 1 and 6, isolated from the violetblue flowers of Primula ×polyantha cultivars and P. primulina. Observed important NOEs are indicated by arrows. Observed important HMBCs are indicated by dotted arrows. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Fig. 4 in Flavonoids in the flowers of Primula × polyantha Mill. and Primula primulina (Spreng.) H. Hara (Primulaceae)

Fig. 4. Chemical structures of known anthocyanins isolated from the flowers of Primula × polyantha cultivars.

Fig. 6 in Flavonoid biosynthesis in Dianthus caryophyllus L. is early regulated during interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

Fig. 6. Most-important flavonoids from roots of resistant carnation cultivar (GRC) at 96 h post-inoculation (hpi). (a) Top-ranked rt/m/z features by t-test associated with Fod-inoculated or non-inoculated (control) plants of GRC. The ranking is organized from top to bottom according t-test. Each colored cell on the map the heat map indicates the higher (red) or lower (blue) autoscaled feature intensities. Bold numbers in parenthesis correspond to the annotated features listed in Table 1. (b) Classical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the three top-ranked features comparing Fod-inoculated/control plants of GRC at 96 hpi. Sensitivity on the y-axis; Specificity on the x-axis. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) in blue. Box-plots of the autoscaled intensity of each selected feature between inoculated and control groups within the dataset are presented at left side of each ROC curve. A horizontal red line in box-plots define the optimal cutoff. (c) Time-course profiles of crossvalidated, top-ranked features of GRC. GRC = red time-course; MSC = green time-course. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 7 in Flavonoid biosynthesis in Dianthus caryophyllus L. is early regulated during interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

Fig. 7. Fod inoculation effect on transcriptional levels of putative genes encoding the CHS, CHI and FLS enzymes (i.e., chi, chs and fls) and gene encoding the MYB11 transcription factor (cmyb11) in carnation roots for 'Golem' resistant (GRC) and 'Mizuki' susceptible (MSC) cultivars. Gene expression levels of Fod-inoculated and non-inoculated (control) carnation plants based on real-time RT-PCR experiments. Box plots for the relative quantification of mRNA to histone (left) and the ratio of inoculated/control mRNA levels (right) for (a) chs, (b) chi, (c) fls, and (d) cmyb11. Green boxes = control GRC; light green boxes = inoculated GRC; Blue boxes = control MSC; light blue boxes = inoculated MSC; red boxes = inoculated/control mRNA level ratio of GRC; purple boxes = inoculated/control mRNA level ratio of MSC. Different letter indicates significant differences for each post-inoculation time examined according to Tukey test (P <0.05). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Flavonoid biosynthesis in Dianthus caryophyllus L. is early regulated during interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

Fig. 4. Important features selected by fold-change (FC) analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate empirical bayes approach (MEBA) of carnation samples according to the profiles of constitutive flavonoids from both non-inoculated cultivars. (a) Paired FC analysis with threshold |2| of GCR/MSC ratio as comparison type. UV-based filtered features were labelled retention time–mass/charge ratio (rt/m/z) pairs. A feature was highlighted as significant if this ratio was above/below threshold. Red dots represent features above the threshold and related to GRC; Blue dots represent features below the threshold and related to MSC. (b) PCA-derived 3D-scores plot (81% of explained variance). Cultivars are differentiated by colors (blue = MSC; red = GRC); Sampling times (in h) are differentiated by shapes (circles = 0 h; squares = 12 h; triangles = 24 h; diamonds = 48 h; octagons = 96 h). GRC samples collected at later times (24, 48, and 96 h) are highlighted with the semi-transparent red ellipse. (c) PCA-derived 3D-loadings plot. Each dot represents a feature and the distribution across the 3D-plot is related to its statistical influence on principal components for discriminating the samples. The most-influencing GCR-related features are highlighted the semi-transparent red ellipse. (d) Time-course profiles of those high-ranked features for GRC. GRC = red time-course; MSC = green time-course. (e) Hotelling-T2-ranked features from MEBA. Autoscaled relative abundances per cultivar according to the heat map colors: red = higher; blue = lower. Bold numbers in parenthesis correspond to the annotated features listed in Table 1. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Flavonoid biosynthesis in Dianthus caryophyllus L. is early regulated during interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

Fig. 3. (a) Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and (b) Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of carnation roots at early times during the 96-h Fod-inoculation in vivo assay. TPC expressed as micrograms of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight (μg CE/100 g fw). TFC expressed as micrograms of catechin equivalents per gram of fresh weight (μg CE/g fw). Each data point is expressed as mean values ± standard error of the mean (SEM) as vertical bars (n = 3). Different letter indicates significant differences for each post-inoculation time examined according to Tukey test (P <0.05). Carnation cultivars: GRC = 'Golem' resistant cultivar; MSC = 'Mizuki' susceptible cultivar.

Fig. 2 in Flavonoid biosynthesis in Dianthus caryophyllus L. is early regulated during interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

Fig. 2. Vascular wilt severity, expressed as severity index (SI), during the 7- week in vivo assay. Each data point is expressed as mean SI ± standard error of the mean (SEM) as vertical bars (n = 3). Different letter marking each data point indicates significant differences for each post-inoculation time examined according to Tukey test (P <0.05). Carnation cultivars: GRC = 'Golem' resistant cultivar; MSC = 'Mizuki' susceptible cultivar.

Fig. 5 in Flavonoid biosynthesis in Dianthus caryophyllus L. is early regulated during interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

Fig. 5. Distribution and factor-associated patterns of flavonoid-related features during the in vivo Fod-inoculation assay. (a) Two-factor clustering in the form of heat map ordering by condition (i.e., combinations of GRC/MSC cultivars and Fod-inoculated/non-inoculated (as control) plants) and post-inoculation times (12, 24, 48, 96 hpi). Condition was used for primary ordering. Each colored cell on the map indicates the higher (red) or lower (blue) autoscaled relative abundances. (b) Major patterns identified by ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) associated with condition (b-1) and time (b-2). G + i = inoculated GRC; GC = GRC control; M + i = inoculated MSC; MC = MSC control. (c) Major patterns identified by ASCA associated with two-component factor interaction submodels: interaction 'condition × time' scores on the first (c-1 and c-3) and second (c-2 and c-4) components. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Flavonoid biosynthesis in Dianthus caryophyllus L. is early regulated during interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

Fig. 1. Three-phase workflow performed in this study. Each colored segment comprises the general steps (in boxes) adopted in each study phase. hpi = hours postinoculation. TPC = Total phenolic content. TFC = Total flavonoid content.

opennotspecifiedNov 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Flavonoid glycosides from the rhizomes of Pronephrium penangianum

Fig. 3. Inhibitory effect of compounds 9–12 on different tumor cell lines in vitro. Paclitaxel was used as a positive control. The values are presented as mean ± SD of triplicate replicates (P <0.05).

Fig. 2. A in The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids

Fig. 2. A - Variation in reduced (AsA) and oxidized ascorbate (DHA), B - AsA redox state (AsA/DHA), C - reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and D - and glutathione redox potential (GSH/GSSG) in leaves of O. europaea plants under control conditions and exposed to UV-B treatments (UV–B1 and UV-B2). Values are mean ± s.d. (n = 6–8). For each parameter, different letters indicate statistical differences between treatments (P <0.05) base on Holms Sidak Comparison Test.

Fig. 2 in The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids

Fig. 2 presents the changes of AsA, DHA, GSH and GSSG, AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG in O. europaea leaves after UV-B exposure. Compared with controls, plants exposed to UV-B1 had decreased levels of both AsA and DHA, which led to a maintenance of the AsA/DHA ratio (P> 0.05, Fig. 2A and B). Contrarily, GSH levels decreased while the GSSG increased significantly, decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio (P <0.05, Fig. 2C and D). Plants exposed to UV-B2 showed an increase of DHA and, mostly, of AsA pools, which led to an increase of the AsA/DHA ratio (P <0.05, Fig. 2A and B). On other hand GSH levels also increased but GSSG was not influenced, which supported the increase of GSH/GSSG (P <0.05, Fig. 2C and D).

Fig. 3. A in The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids

Fig. 3. A - secoiridoids, B - flavonoids, and C - hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in leaves of O. europaea plants under control conditions and exposed to UV-B treatments (UV–B1 and UV-B2). Values are mean ± s.d. (n = 3). For each compound, different letters indicate statistical differences between treatments (P <0.05) base on Holms Sidak Comparison Test.

Fig. 4 in The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids

Fig. 4. General overview of the metabolites and antioxidant enzymes changes in O. europaea plants under UV-B doses: moderate (UV–B1) and high (UV–B2). Relative levels [expressed as log2 (UV–B/control)] are given besides (two colored rectangles) each identified metabolite/compound or enzyme activity as a heat-map, and the upper colored rectangle refers to UV-B1 treatment while the lower one refer to the UV-B2 treatment. Protective responses in O. europaea involve the activation of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms to control ROS (namely H2O2) homeostasis, but the enzymatic and AsA/GSH pools are more required by higher UV doses, while polyphenols pathways are similarly solicited by both treatments. UV-B1 treatment increases SOD, CAT and GPox activities and GSSG content, reducing Gr and APX activities and the contents of AsA, DHA and GSH. UV-B2 treatment, besides SOD, CAT and GPox activation, also increases Gr activity and the contents of AsA, DHA and GSH. Flavonoids (4ʹ or 3ʹ-methoxy luteolin glucoside and 4ʹ-methoxy luteolin decrease), secoiridoids (oleuropein decrease and 2ʹʹ- methoxyoleuropein increase) and HCAds (β-hydroxyverbascoside increase) respond similarly to both UV-B doses, putatively acting as UV-B shields and/or ROS scavengers.