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Text-fig. 2. Field photograph of the sampling locality, together with a schematic profile. Stratigraphic horizon from which the fossil wood fragment was extracted (white arrow) (Modified from Pires and Da Rosa 2000). in A New Fossil Fabaceae Wood From The Pleistocene Touro Passo Formation Of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
Text-fig. 2. Field photograph of the sampling locality, together with a schematic profile. Stratigraphic horizon from which the fossil wood fragment was extracted (white arrow) (Modified from Pires and Da Rosa 2000).
Text-fig. 1. Map of westernmost part of Rio Grande do Sul showing the position of the sampling locality (star). Adapted from Oliveira and Kerber (2009). in A New Fossil Fabaceae Wood From The Pleistocene Touro Passo Formation Of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
Text-fig. 1. Map of westernmost part of Rio Grande do Sul showing the position of the sampling locality (star). Adapted from Oliveira and Kerber (2009).
Text-fig. 2. Generalised stratigraphy of the area including the fossil site in Orta-Şabanözü (Sengüler 2007). The coloured formation is Hüyükköy Formation, aged as late Miocene and containing fossil woods. in The First Glyptostroboxylon And Taxodioxylon Descriptions From The Late Miocene Of Turkey And Palaeoclimatological Evaluation
Text-fig. 2. Generalised stratigraphy of the area including the fossil site in Orta-Şabanözü (Sengüler 2007). The coloured formation is Hüyükköy Formation, aged as late Miocene and containing fossil woods.
Text-fig. 3. Photo of the area where the fossil samples were collected. It is near to Sakarcaören village in the city of Orta, Çankırı Province. Arrows indicate the petrified wood pieces. in The First Glyptostroboxylon And Taxodioxylon Descriptions From The Late Miocene Of Turkey And Palaeoclimatological Evaluation
Text-fig. 3. Photo of the area where the fossil samples were collected. It is near to Sakarcaören village in the city of Orta, Çankırı Province. Arrows indicate the petrified wood pieces.
Data from: A unique Late Cretaceous fossil wood assemblage from Chilean Patagonia provides clues to high-latitude continental environment
<p>Fossil plants, including large trunks, stems, some branches, and twigs, were collected from the Maastrichtian (68.9 Mya), upper Dorotea Formation in the Magallanes/Austral Basin, 16 km north of the Cerro Guido-Las Chinas complex in the southern Chilean Magallanes region. These fossil trunks range from 0.2 m to 2.2 m in length. Petrographic slides were made in three sections (transverse, radial, and tangential) and analysed under a light microscope to study the permineralised fossils. The woods and stems belong to Austroginkgoxylon gen. et sp. nov., Agathoxylon antarcticum, Podocarpoxylon paradoxi sp. nov., Podocarpoxylon mazzonii, Palmoxylon subantarcticae, and Nothomalvaceoxylon magallanense gen.et sp. nov. The growth rings of gymnosperms and anatomical characters of angiosperms were analysed to obtain palaeoecological data. Interactions between gymnosperm roots growing into the secondary xylem of an angiosperm (nurse logs) are recorded. The data obtained from the fossil woods suggest warm and humid conditions in this southern South American locality during the Late Cretaceous, providing a unique opportunity to study continental environments at high southern latitudes, which are poorly represented on a global scale.</p>
Text-fig. 13. Schema of typical rays in G. ortenburgense (sample 89/04 and 90/04). in New Fossil Woods From The Paleogene Of Doupovské Hory And České Středohoří Mts. (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 13. Schema of typical rays in G. ortenburgense (sample 89/04 and 90/04).
Text-fig. 15. Schema of observed rays of Manilkaroxylon sp. (sample DR2). in New Fossil Woods From The Paleogene Of Doupovské Hory And České Středohoří Mts. (Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 15. Schema of observed rays of Manilkaroxylon sp. (sample DR2).
APPENDIX 1 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications
<p>APPENDIX 1. — Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (<b>first name</b>), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (<b>second name</b>), or as extracted from another publication (<b>in parenthesis</b>). Features in parenthesis are less commun.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th><b>Vessels</b></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td></td><td><b>t.diam. (µm);</b></td><td></td><td></td><td><b>Multiseriate</b></td><td><b>Canals</b></td><td><b>Geologic</b></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><b>Growth</b></td><td><b>frequency</b></td><td></td><td><b>Axial</b></td><td></td><td><b>ray height</b></td><td></td><td><b>t.diam.</b></td><td><b>age/</b></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><td><b>rings</b></td><td><b>(/mm</b> <b>2</b><b>)</b></td><td><b>Fibres</b></td><td><b>parenchyma</b></td><td><b>Rays</b></td><td><b>(µm; cells)</b></td><td><b>Canals</b></td><td><b>(µm)</b></td><td><b>country</b></td><td><b>Authors</b></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisopteroxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>120-230</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Vasicentric, diffuse, diffuse-</td><td>(1-11)7-9 seriate,</td><td>150-1080</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>120-150</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Yadav 1989</td></tr><tr><th><i>oblongoides</i></th><td></td><td>4-5</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>in-aggregate in irregular</td><td>4-8/mm, heterocellular</td><td>5-56</td><td>lines, (diffuse)</td><td></td><td>India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>lines, around canals</td><td>1-2+ marginal cells,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>continuous sheath cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisopteroxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>110-255</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Scanty to vasicentric,diffuse,</td><td>(1-8)5-6 seriate,</td><td>180-1350</td><td>Diffuse, (short</td><td>40-55</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Prakash &</td></tr><tr><th><i>garoensis</i></th><td></td><td>8-12</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>in short lines,</td><td>5-12/mm, heterocellular</td><td>6-30</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Tripathi 1970</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>around canals</td><td>1-8 marginal cells, sheath</td><td></td><td>lines</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(tylose)</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>cells</td><td></td><td>of 2-3)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisopteroxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>130-230</td><td>Nonseptate, thin-</td><td>Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate</td><td>(1-6)4-5 seriate,</td><td>212-1190</td><td>Diffuse</td><td>102-130</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Prasad,</td></tr><tr><th><i>surmaensis</i></th><td></td><td>6-10</td><td>to-thick walled,</td><td>in thin lines, scanty to</td><td>5-6/mm, heterocellular</td><td>5-55</td><td></td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Agarwal &</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>vasicentric, around canals</td><td>1-3 marginal cells,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Mandaokar</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>continuous</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2009</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>sheath cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisopteroxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>154-300</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Vasicentric, diffuse,</td><td>1-7 seriate, heterocellular,</td><td>458-1946</td><td>Diffuse, (short</td><td>98-168</td><td>Mio-Plio/</td><td>Ghosh &</td></tr><tr><th><i>jawalamukhi</i></th><td></td><td>-</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>diffuse-in-aggregate,</td><td>sheath cells</td><td>15-67</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Ghosh 1958</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>tracheids</td><td>around canals</td><td></td><td></td><td>lines</td><td></td><td></td><td>(Prakash &</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>of 2-3)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Tripathi 1970)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>160-240</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate,</td><td>1-5(6) seriate, often uniseriate, 250-1125</td><td>Short tangential</td><td>40-68</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Prakash 1975</td></tr><tr><th><i>sivalicus</i></th><td></td><td>5-7,</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>(scanty paratracheal),</td><td>7-14/mm, heterocellular,</td><td>–</td><td>lines of 2-6,</td><td></td><td>India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>around canals</td><td>sheath cells</td><td></td><td>diffuse</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>80-240,</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate,</td><td>(1-7)3-5 seriate, 6-8/mm,</td><td>120-1600,</td><td>Diffuse/</td><td>40-120</td><td>Pliocene/</td><td>Ghosh & Ghosh</td></tr><tr><th><i>malavii</i></th><td></td><td>mean 190,</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>scanty to vasicentric,</td><td>heterocellular 1-n marginal mean <1000 paired, short</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>1959,</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>5-7, solitary, vasicentric</td><td>(aliform), around canals</td><td>cells, (sheath cells)</td><td>10-60</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td></td><td>Guleria 1983</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>lines of 4-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>–</td><td>Thin-to thick</td><td>Vasicentric, (marginal,</td><td>(1-5)1-3 seriate, heterocellular</td><td>–</td><td>Diffuse, short</td><td>-</td><td>Tertiary/</td><td>Bancroft 1933</td></tr><tr><th><i>africanum</i></th><td></td><td>(solitary),</td><td>walled?,</td><td>diffuse?) around canals</td><td>1-6 marginal cells,</td><td>8-30</td><td>tangential</td><td>same</td><td>Uganda</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose?</td><td>vasicentric</td><td></td><td>(end-to-end fusion)</td><td></td><td>lines of 2-6</td><td>size as</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>tracheids?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>vessels</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>–</td><td>160-322</td><td>Nonseptate, thin</td><td>Vasicentric, diffuse to</td><td>1-5(4-5) seriate, 6-8/mm,</td><td><2400</td><td>Short tangential</td><td>80-120</td><td>Plio-Pleisto/ Vozenin-Serra &</td></tr><tr><th><i>sarapeense</i></th><td></td><td>4-7,</td><td>to thick walled,</td><td>diffuse-in-aggregate,</td><td>heterocellular 2-7(23)</td><td>up to 80</td><td>lines of 2-7</td><td></td><td>Thailand</td><td>Privé-Gill</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>around canals</td><td>marginal cells, sheath cells,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2001</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(tylose)</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>(end-to-end fusion)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>100-175</td><td>Nonseptate, (very)</td><td>Around canals, scanty</td><td>(1-5)1 seriate,</td><td>-</td><td>Diffuse, short</td><td>60-75</td><td>Pliocene/</td><td>Schweitzer</td></tr><tr><th><i>gracile</i></th><td></td><td>5-14,</td><td>thick-walled,</td><td>paratracheal, (diffuse)</td><td>“homogeneous”,</td><td>up to 40</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>Java</td><td>1958</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary</td><td>vasicentric</td><td></td><td>(crystalliferous)</td><td></td><td>lines of 2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>80-260</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Vasicentric, (diffuse),</td><td>(1-6)3-5 seriate,</td><td>200-1260</td><td>Diffuse, short</td><td>65-80</td><td>Miocene/</td><td>Guleria <i>et al.</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>jammuense</i></th><td></td><td>3-9,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>around canals</td><td>5-9/mm, heterocellular</td><td>5-45</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>2002</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>tracheids</td><td></td><td>2-12 marginal cells, sheath</td><td></td><td>lines of 2-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tylose</td><td></td><td></td><td>cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dryobalanoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>60-280</td><td>Fibre/vasicentric</td><td>Vasicentric to aliform</td><td>1-4 seriate, heterocellular</td><td><900</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>40-60</td><td>Tertiary/</td><td>Awasthi 1971</td></tr><tr><th><i>holdeniae</i></th><td></td><td>9-15,</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>(aliform-confluent),</td><td>1-5 marginal cells, (sheath</td><td>up to 30</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>banded around canals</td><td>cells)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td>thick-walled</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td><b>t.diam. (µm);</b></td><td></td><td></td><td><b>Multiseriate</b></td><td><b>Canals</b></td><td><b>Geologic</b></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><b>Growth</b></td><td><b>frequency</b></td><td></td><td><b>Axial</b></td><td></td><td><b>ray height</b></td><td></td><td><b>t.diam.</b></td><td><b>age/</b></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><td><b>rings</b></td><td><b>(/mm</b> <b>2</b><b>)</b></td><td><b>Fibres</b></td><td><b>parenchyma</b></td><td><b>Rays</b></td><td><b>(µm; cells)</b></td><td><b>Canals</b></td><td><b>(µm)</b></td><td><b>country</b></td><td><b>Authors</b></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Distinct</td><td>112-332</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Vasicentric to aliform,</td><td>1-5 seriate, 5-8/mm,</td><td>-</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>80-160</td><td>Tertiary /</td><td>Prakash &</td></tr><tr><th><i>tipamense</i></th><td>(vessels)</td><td>3-9, tyloses</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>(aliform-confluent, diffuse,</td><td>heterocellular</td><td>3-66</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Awasthi 1970</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>diffuse-in-aggregate),</td><td>1-12 marginal cells, (sheath</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>thin-walled</td><td>banded around canals,</td><td>cells)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>crystalliferous</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>45-240</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Vasicentric, aliform aliform-</td><td>1-6 seriate, 5-9/mm,</td><td>-</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>40-120</td><td>Tertiary /</td><td>Awasthi 1974</td></tr><tr><th><i>indicum</i></th><td></td><td>5-10,</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>confluent in thin bands,</td><td>heterocellular 1-2 marginal</td><td>up to 60</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>diffuse, in thin bands,</td><td>cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>thick-walled</td><td>banded around canals,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>crystalliferous</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>45-165</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Scanty paratracheal or</td><td>(1-4)2-3 seriate, heterocellular</td><td>-</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>40-60</td><td>Tertiary</td><td>Awasthi 1974</td></tr><tr><th><i>arcotense</i></th><td></td><td>15-20,</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>vasicentric, banded around 1-6 marginal cells</td><td>12-40</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>/India</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>canals</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td>thin-walled</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>200-360</td><td>Thin-walled</td><td>Vasicentric, aliform,</td><td>(1-4)1-3 seriate, 4-5/mm,</td><td>80-1400</td><td>Long tangential</td><td>40-90</td><td>Quaternary/ Du 1988b</td></tr><tr><th><i>sumatraense</i></th><td></td><td>9-14,</td><td></td><td>(confluent in tangential</td><td>heterocellular 1-n marginal</td><td>4-50</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>Sumatra</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>(clusters),</td><td></td><td>bands), diffuse, diffuse-</td><td>cells, (crystalliferous)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td></td><td>in-aggregate in short</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>tangential lines, irregularly</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>storied</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>200-300</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Vasicentric, diffuse-in-</td><td>(1-5)5 seriate,</td><td>-</td><td>Long/short</td><td>60-150</td><td>Quaternary/ Schweitzer</td></tr><tr><th><i>posthumi</i></th><td></td><td>mean 250</td><td>tracheids,</td><td>aggregate in tangential</td><td>“homogeneous”, end-to-</td><td>3-45</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>Sumatra</td><td>1958</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>5-10,</td><td>nonseptate,</td><td>bands, diffuse, around</td><td>end fusion</td><td></td><td>lines, diffuse,</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td>thin-to-thick</td><td>canals,</td><td></td><td></td><td>(double lines)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>walled?</td><td>crystals in enlarged cells</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>200-240</td><td>Nonseptate, thin</td><td>Vasicentric, irregularly</td><td>1-4 seriate, 6-10/mm,</td><td>750-1450</td><td>Short/long?</td><td>70-190</td><td>Miocene /</td><td>Sukiman 1977</td></tr><tr><th><i>pachitanensis</i></th><td></td><td>6-10,</td><td>to thick-walled</td><td>banded, around canals</td><td>heterocellular 1-n marginal</td><td>-</td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td>Java</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td></td><td></td><td>cells</td><td></td><td>lines</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>155-230</td><td>Nonseptate,</td><td>Diffuse, diffuse-in-</td><td>(1-5)3-4 seriate, 5-8/mm,</td><td>484-1870</td><td>Diffuse, long/</td><td>-</td><td>Tertiary /</td><td>Bande &</td></tr><tr><th><i>ornatum</i></th><td></td><td>5-9,</td><td>vasicentric</td><td>aggregate, vasicentric,</td><td>heterocellular 2-12 marginal -</td><td>short</td><td></td><td>India</td><td>Prakash</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>solitary,</td><td>tracheids</td><td>banded around canals</td><td>cells, sheath cells</td><td></td><td>tangential</td><td></td><td></td><td>1980,</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>tyloses</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>lines of 2-3,</td><td></td><td></td><td>Trivedi &</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(double or</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ahuja 1979</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>triple rows)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i></th><td>Ind.</td><td>90-300</td><td>Vasicentric</td><td>Banded in thin lines,</td><td>(1-7)3-5 seriate, few</td><td><1200</td><td>Long tangential</td><td><140</td><td>Mio-Plio/</td><td>Prakash &</td></tr><tr><th><i>irrawaddiensis</i></th><td></td><td>6-8, tyloses tracheids,</td><td>vasicentric,</td><td>uniseriate, 5-8/mm,</td><td>up to 50</td><td>lines</td><td></td><td>Myanmar Bande 1980</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>nonseptate</td><td>banded around canals</td><td>homocellular to weakly</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>heterocellular 1 marginal</th></tr><tr><th>cell</th></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 2. — Correspondences between the MNHN. F in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications
<p>TABLE 2. — Correspondences between the MNHN.F specimen numbers cited in the article and the corresponding pages on https://science.mnhn.fr.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Specimen numbers</th><th><b>Corresponding slides and URLs</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>MNHN. F.50171</th><td>MNHN. F.50171.1, 50171.2, 50171.3, 50171.4, 50171.5, 50171.6, 50171.7</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50172</th><td>MNHN. F.50172.1, 50172.2, 50172.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50173</th><td>MNHN. F.50173.1, 50173.2, 50173.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50174</th><td>MNHN. F.50174.1, 50174.2, 50174.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50175</th><td>MNHN. F.50175.1, 50175.2, 50175.3, 50175.4, 50175.5</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50176</th><td>MNHN. F.50176.1, 50176.2, 50176.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50177</th><td>MNHN. F.50177.1, 50177.2, 50177.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50178</th><td>MNHN. F.50178.1, 50178.2, 50178.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50179</th><td>MNHN. F.50179.1, 50179.2, 50179.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50180</th><td>MNHN. F.50180.1, 50180.2, 50180.3, 50180.4</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50181</th><td>MNHN. F.50181.1, 50181.2, 50181.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50182</th><td>MNHN. F.50182.1, 50182.2, 50182.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50183</th><td>MNHN. F.50183.1, 50183.2, 50183.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50184</th><td>MNHN. F.50184.1, 50184.2, 50184.3, 50184.4, 50184.5, 50184.6</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50185</th><td>MNHN. F.50185.1, 50185.2, 50185.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50186</th><td>MNHN. F.50186.1, 50186.2, 50186.3, 50186.4</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50187</th><td>MNHN. F.50187.1, 50187.2, 50187.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50188</th><td>MNHN. F.50188.1, 50188.2, 50188.3, 50188.4, 50188.5, 50188.6</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50189</th><td>MNHN. F.50189.1, 50189.2, 50189.3, 50189.4, 50189.5, 50189.6</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50190</th><td>MNHN. F.50190.1, 50190.2, 50190.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50191</th><td>MNHN. F.50191.1, 50191.2, 50191.3, 50191.4, 50191.5, 50191.6</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50192</th><td>MNHN. F.50192.1, 50192.2, 50192.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50193</th><td>MNHN. F.50193.1, 50193.2, 50193.3, 50193.4, 50193.5, 50193.6</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50194</th><td>MNHN. F.50194.1, 50194.2, 50194.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50195</th><td>MNHN. F.50195.1, 50195.2, 50195.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50196</th><td>MNHN. F.50196.1, 50196.2, 50196.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50197</th><td>MNHN. F.50197.1, 50197.2, 50197.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50198</th><td>MNHN. F.50198.1, 50198.2, 50198.3</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50199</th><td>MNHN. F.50199.1, 50199.2, 50199.3, 50199.4</td></tr><tr><th>MNHN. F.50200</th><td>MNHN. F.50200.1, 50200.2, 50200.3, 50200.4, 50200.5</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 1 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications
<p>TABLE 1. — Distribution of fossil taxa for the Natma Formation among extant tropical forests of the Indo-Burman region, according to their Nearest Living Relatives. Only the most convincing NLR have been taken into consideration. Symbols and abbreviations: ●, main environment; ○, alternative environment; <b>1</b>, Tidal and coastal forests; <b>2</b>, Moist evergreen and semi-evergreen forests; <b>3</b>, Deciduous and seasonal forests; <b>4</b>, Dry forests and savanna woodlands. The specimen of <i>Cupressinoxylon</i> is not used here, as not diagnostic of any particular environment.The specimen indet sp. 1 is shown as an indication of possible relative modern ecosystem because the possible related taxa are mostly found in ecosystems in adequacy with our other specimens.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Fossil species</b></th><th><b>NLR</b></th><th><b>Modern ecosystems</b></th><th><b>1</b></th><th><b>2</b></th><th><b>3</b></th><th><b>4</b></th><th><b>Forest type</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Cynometroxylon holdeniae</i></th><td><i>Cynometra ramiflora</i> / <i>Cynometra polyandra</i></td><td>Tidal, back-mangrove, wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. In lowlands</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>up to 400-1300 m</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Cynometroxylon parainaequifolium</i></th><td><i>Cynometra inaequifolia</i> / <i>Cynometra polyandra</i></td><td>Tidal, back-mangrove, wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. In lowlands</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>Coastal forests</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>up to 400-1300 m</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Pahudioxylon bankurensis</i></th><td><i>Intsia bijuga</i></td><td>Coastal areas, along tidal rivers or at the dry back of mangroves. Also wet evergreen forest</td><td>●</td><td>●</td><td>–</td><td>○</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>associated with Anisoptera. Up to 600 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>indet sp. 1</th><td><i>Dipterocarpus</i> / <i>Prioria</i></td><td>Wet evergreen forests, coastal forests, flooded and riparian forests, also in semi-evergeen</td><td>●</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>○</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>forest or savannahs. In lowlands.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dryobalanoxylon</i> sp.</th><td><i>Dryobalanops aromatica</i> / <i>D. oblongifolia</i></td><td>Lowland mixed dipterocarp forests, in coastal areas in sandy or gravelly soils. Also in wetter</td><td>●</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>–</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>soils. Up to 600 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>cf. Koompassioxylon</th><td><i>Koompassia</i> / <i>Kalappia</i> / <i>Martiodendron</i></td><td>Mostly rainforest. Also in coastal forest, riparian forests or swamps. Rarely in savannas or dry</td><td>○</td><td>●</td><td>–</td><td>○</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>forests. Up to 600 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Koompassioxylon elegans</i></th><td><i>Koompassia malaccensis</i></td><td>Mostly freshwater peat-swamps. Also dry lands. Up to 150 m (800 m in elevated areas)</td><td>–</td><td>●</td><td>–</td><td>○</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Burseroxylon</i> sp.</th><td><i>Canarium bengalense</i> / <i>Protium serratum</i></td><td>Wet evergreen and moist dipterocarp forests, mostly along rivers. Also in deciduous forests</td><td>–</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>–</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>or monsonnal area. Up to 1300 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Anisopteroxylon</i> sp.</th><td><i>Anisoptera costata</i> / <i>Anisoptera scaphula</i></td><td>Moist (not everwet) evergreen and semi- evergreen dipterocarp forests, along rivers,</td><td>–</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>–</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>in seasonal forest and foothills. Up to 700 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dipterocarpoxylon</i> cf. <i>jammuense</i></th><td><i>Dipterocarpus</i></td><td>Evergreen, semi-evergeen tropical forest, mixed dipterocarps forests. Also in seasonal forests.</td><td>–</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>–</td><td>Wet evergreen forests</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>In lowland (rarely up to 1400 m).</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dryobalanoxylon</i> cf. <i>javanense</i></th><td><i>Dryobalanops keithii</i> / <i>D. oblongifolia</i></td><td>Near water (periodically inundated, streams, poorly-drained soils...), in mixed dipterocarps</td><td>–</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>–</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>forests. Up to 600 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i> cf. <i>sumatraense</i></th><td><i>Shorea negrosensis</i></td><td>Evergreen, semi-evergreen and seasonal dipterocarp forests. In lowlands.</td><td>–</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>–</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i> cf. <i>deomaliense</i></th><td><i>Shorea laevis</i></td><td>Mixed dipterocarp forests. On undulated lands and well-drained soils. Up to 700-1000 m.</td><td>–</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>–</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Artocarpoxylon kartikcherraensis</i></th><td><i>Artocarpus lamellosus</i> / <i>Artocarpus chama</i></td><td>Mixed dipterocarp evergreen forests, but also in semi-deciduous forests, moist deciduous</td><td>–</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>○</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>or monsoonal area. Up to 1500-1800 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i> sp. 2</th><td><i>Shorea balangeran</i> / <i>Shorea laevis</i></td><td>From well-drained soils to peat-swamp forests. Also in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests</td><td>–</td><td>●</td><td>●</td><td>–</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>and hillsides. Up to 100(-1000)m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Albizinium eolebbekianum</i></th><td><i>Albizia lebbeck</i> / <i>Albizia ferruginea</i></td><td>Wooded savannas, dry forests borders, semi- decidous. Also rainforests, riparian or</td><td>○</td><td>○</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>periodically inundeted ofrests. Up to 1400 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Pahudioxylon</i> cf. <i>bankurensis</i></th><td><i>Afzelia africana</i> / <i>A. javanica</i></td><td>Both present in humid evergreen and dry deciduous forests. Frequent in savannas. Up</td><td>–</td><td>○</td><td>●</td><td>○</td><td>Seasonal and</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>to 1400 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>dry forests</td></tr><tr><th><i>Shoreoxylon</i> sp. 1</th><td><i>Shorea parvifolia</i> /</td><td>Deciduous dry dipterocarp forests and under</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Shorea obtusa</i></td><td>marked seasonal monsoon climates. Sometimes in moister forests or savannas.</td><td>–</td><td>○</td><td>●</td><td>●</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>Up to 1000 m.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
Text-fig. 7. Oligocene fossil wood localities of Tunisia. in Arsinoitherium (Embrithopoda) And Other Large Mammals And Plants From The Oligocene Of Tunisia
Text-fig. 7. Oligocene fossil wood localities of Tunisia.
Data from: A unique Late Cretaceous fossil wood assemblage from Chilean Patagonia provides clues to high-latitude continental environment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 4 in The second North American fossil horntail wood-wasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) from the early Eocene Green River Formation
FIGURE 4. Drawings of wings of A, B, Teredon cubensis and C–F, Eoteredon lacoi gen. et sp. nov., holotype. A, T. cubensis male forewing, somewhat crushed in the basal posterior region. B, T. cubensis female forewing. C, right forewing of E. lacoi. D, left forewing of E. lacoi. E, E. lacoi female left hind wing. F, E. lacoi female right hind wing. Veins labelled in Roman font, cell names in italics. A, B re-drawn from Schiff et al. (2012, figs. C1.36, C34.5, no scale bars on originals). Scale bar = 5 mm (C–F).
FIGURE 2. Fossil bearing layers are primarily laminated limestones interspersed with volcanic tuffs. The K in The second North American fossil horntail wood-wasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) from the early Eocene Green River Formation
FIGURE 2. Fossil bearing layers are primarily laminated limestones interspersed with volcanic tuffs. The K-spar Tuff is the thickest, making it an easily recognized marker bed. Five layers produce prolific fossils, two below and three above the K-spar Tuff. The siricid wasp was found in the 18-inch Layer about six meters below the K-spar Tuff. Stratigraphic column modified from Buchheim et al (2011).
FIGURE 3 in The second North American fossil horntail wood-wasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) from the early Eocene Green River Formation
FIGURE 3. Eoteredon lacoi gen. et sp. nov., holotype in ventral aspect, photographed dry. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in The second North American fossil horntail wood-wasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) from the early Eocene Green River Formation
FIGURE 1. Fossil Lake occupied southwest Wyoming, USA, extending westward into Idaho and Utah. After lithification the laminated limestones were eroded exposing the fossil bearing layers. The star marks where the siricid wasp was found about 8.8 km from the eastern shore.
FIGURE 6 in The earliest record of fossil solid-wood-borer larvae-immature beetles in 99 million-year-old Myanmar amber
FIGURE 6. Fossil wood-borer larva with legs, Cerambycidae?/Buprestidae?, PED 1130. A, Ventral view. B, Colour-marked version of A. C, Detail of palp. D, Detail of remains of labium. Abbreviations: a1–a9 = abdomen segments 1–9; ga = groundoff area; hc = head capsule; l? = possible remains of labium; md = mandible; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; pl = palp; pt = prothorax; te = trunk end.
FIGURE 5 in The earliest record of fossil solid-wood-borer larvae-immature beetles in 99 million-year-old Myanmar amber
FIGURE 5. Fossil wood-borer larva with legs, Cerambycidae?/Buprestidae?, PED 0816. A, Dorsal view. B, Colour-marked version of A. C, Detail of anterior head region (image processed according to Haug et al., 2009). D, Upper part: detail of anterior body region; lower part: colour-marked version of upper part. Abbreviations: a1–a7 = abdomen segments 1–7; fe = femur; hc = head capsule; md = mandible; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; pl = palp; pt = prothorax; st = stemmata; ti = tibiotarsus; tr = trochanter.
FIGURE 4 in The earliest record of fossil solid-wood-borer larvae-immature beetles in 99 million-year-old Myanmar amber
FIGURE 4. Fossil wood-borer larva without legs, Buprestidae, PED 0838. A, Dorsal (?) view. B, Colour-marked version of A. C, Details of mouthparts. Abbreviations: a1–a9 = abdomen segments 1–9; hc = head capsule; m? = possible mandible; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; pl = palp; pt = prothorax.
FIGURE 1 in The earliest record of fossil solid-wood-borer larvae-immature beetles in 99 million-year-old Myanmar amber
FIGURE 1. Procedure of artificial straightening of wood-borer larvae. A, Simplified re-drawing based on Volkovitsh & Bílý (2015, their fig. 21). B, Straightened version of A. C, Filled version of B.
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