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Figs. 9–12 in The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States
Figs. 9–12. Vespa morphology. (a, b) Dorsal view of metasoma. (c, d) Dorsal view of basal metasomal terga. Fig. 10. (a, b) Dorsal view of scutum. (c, d) Dorsal view of metasoma. Fig. 11. (a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Dorsal view of metasoma. Fig. 12. (a, b) Front view of clypeus. (c-f) Dorsal view of metanotum. Figs. 9a, 9b, V. orientalis. Figs. 9c, 10b, d, V. affinis. Fig. 9d, V. crabro. Figs. 10a, 10c, 11b, 11c, V. mocsaryana. Fig. 11a, V. fumida. Fig. 11d. V. dybowskii. Figs. 12a, 12f, V. multimaculata. Figs. 12b, d, e, V. bicolor. Fig. 12c, V. luctuosa.
Historians' Perspectives of the Importance and Impact of Mining History Scholarship
<p>In 2019, Eric C. Nystrom (Arizona State University) and Brian James Leech (Augustana College) conducted a survey of self-identified mining historians to determine their preferences for mining history scholarship. Our survey asked voluntary respondents to list their top three "classic" books in mining history, and also their top three "recent" mining history books. Respondents were also given an opportunity for optional comments, to accompany their choices. Basic demographic data about occupation, occupation status, and geographic location were collected. Geographic data was aggregated to remove personally identifying information.</p> <p>All responses were voluntary and anonymous. 40 complete responses were received, and 134 distinct books were mentioned. The data was then regularized, and complete bibliographic data generated. When a book has been issued in multiple editions, the first edition was used, unless a different edition was explicitly specified by the respondent.</p> <p><strong>Included files</strong></p> <p>This data release contains:</p> <ul> <li>Spreadsheet of responses (TSV), with responses regularized by BibTeX tag, geography grouped to prevent identification, and private comments removed (all in accordance with IRB)</li> <li>Bibliography of all books mentioned as either "classic" or "recent" works by study respondents, in Chicago format, alphabetical by author last name (PDF)</li> <li>BibTeX file containing complete bibliography of all books mentioned by respondents</li> </ul> <p><strong>Publications</strong></p> <p>The survey results were analyzed in the following works:</p> <p>Brian James Leech and Eric C. Nystrom, "Surveying the Minds: New Trends and Key Classics in Mining History," <em>Mining History Journal</em> 27 (2020): forthcoming.</p> <p>Brian James Leech and Eric C. Nystrom, "Surveying the Minds: New Trends and Key Classics in Mining History," paper presented at the Mining History Association Conference, Marquette, MI, June 8, 2019.</p> <p><strong>Notes and Errata</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>For Rodman Paul's <em>Mining Frontiers</em>, one respondent explicitly listed the 2001 Paul & West edition; all others were assumed to be the first edition from 1963.</p> </li> <li> <p>One respondent explicitly mentioned the Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover translation of Agricola's 1556 work <em>De re Metallica</em>; since this English translation is the one almost always used in the modern era, references to Agricola were regularized as the Hoover edition.</p> </li> <li> <p>In a handful of cases, multi-volume works were listed by respondents, and were thus entered in the bibliography this way. See e.g. Lingenfelter, <em>Bonanzas & Borrascas</em>.</p> </li> <li> <p>ASU IRB exemption # STUDY00009309; Augustana IRB exemption # 462452423.</p> </li> </ul>
Figure 2 in Food niche of Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) fulvofasciata Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Brazilian savannah: the importance of oil-producing plant species as pollen sources
Figure 2. Estimated number of pollen types in each study area using extrapolation curves. ESP: Ecological Station of Panga, MG and SPSCN: State Park of Serra de Caldas Novas, GO.
Accounting for environmental variation in co‐occurrence modelling reveals the importance of positive interactions in root‐associated fungal communities
<p>Understanding the role of interspecific interactions in shaping ecological communities is one of the central goals in community ecology. In fungal communities, measuring interspecific interactions directly is challenging because these communities are composed of large numbers of species, many of which are unculturable. An indirect way of assessing the role of interspecific interactions in determining community structure is to identify the species co-occurrences that are not constrained by the environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated co-occurrences among root-associated fungi, asking whether fungi co-occur more or less strongly than expected based on the environmental conditions and the host plant species examined. For this purpose, we generated molecular data on root-associated fungi of five plant species evenly sampled along an elevational gradient at a high Arctic site. We analysed the data using a joint species distribution modelling approach that allowed us to identify those co-occurrences that could be explained by the environmental conditions and the host plant species, as well as those co-occurrences that remained unexplained and thus more likely reflect interactive associations. Our results indicate that positive interactions play an important role in shaping microbial communities in arctic plant roots. In particular, we found that mycorrhizal fungi are especially prone to positively co-occur with other fungal species. Our results bring new understanding to the structure of arctic interaction networks by suggesting that interactions among root-associated fungi are predominantly positive.</p>
Figures 2 in The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)ı potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae)ı with descriptions of three new species
Figures 2. Astymachus saccharum sp. nov.: (a) head (holotype); (b) antenna ♀ (holotype); (c) apex of fore wing venation (paratype); (d) fore wing (paratype). Astymachus felix Singh and Hayat: (e) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus phainae Sugonjaev: (f) fore wing; (g) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus lasallei sp. nov. (holotype) (h) antenna ♀; (i) head; (j) fore wing; (k) discal setae below marginal vein, enlarged (differential interference contrast); (l) apex of fore wing venation. Asymachus phragmitis Trjapitzin: (m) head; (n) antenna ♀. (Figures e-g courtesy of Mohammad Hayat).
Figures 3 in The species of Astymachus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)ı potentially important parasitoids of Aclerdidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with grasses (Poaceae)ı with descriptions of three new species
Figures 3. Astymachus phragmitis Trjapitzin: (a) antenna ♂; (b) fore wing; (c) apex of fore wing venation. Astymachus japonicus Howard: (d) head; (e) antenna ♀; (f) antenna ♂; (g) apex of fore wing venation; (h) fore wing. Astymachus srilankae sp. nov. (holotype): (i) head; (j) antenna ♀; (k) antenna ♂; (l) fore wing; (m) apex of fore wing venation.
Data from: Fungal communities are important determinants of bacterial community composition in deadwood
<p>Fungal-bacterial interactions play a key role in the functioning of many ecosystems. Thus, understanding their interactive dynamics is of central importance for gaining predictive knowledge on ecosystem functioning. However, it is challenging to disentangle the mechanisms behind species associations from observed co-occurrence patterns and little is known about the directionality of such interactions. Here we apply joint species distribution modelling to high-throughput sequencing data on co-occurring fungal and bacterial communities in deadwood to ask whether fungal and bacterial co-occurrences result from shared habitat use (i.e. dead wood's properties), or whether there are fungal-bacterial interactive associations after habitat characteristics are taken into account. Moreover, we test the hypothesis that the interactions are mainly modulated through fungal communities influencing bacterial communities. For that, we quantified how much the predictive power of the joint species distribution models for bacterial and fungal community improved when accounting for the other community. Our results show that fungi and bacteria form tight association networks (i.e. some species pairs co-occur more frequently and other species pairs co-occur less frequently than expected by chance) in deadwood that include common (or opposite) responses to the environment, as well as (potentially) biotic interactions. Additionally, we show that information about the fungal occurrences and abundances increased the power to predict the bacterial abundances substantially, whereas information about the bacterial occurrences and abundances increased the power to predict the fungal abundances much less. Our results suggest that fungal communities may mainly affect bacteria in deadwood.</p> <p><b>Importance</b></p> <p>Understanding the interactive dynamics between fungal and bacterial communities is important to gain predictive knowledge on ecosystem functioning. However little is known about the mechanisms behind fungal-bacterial associations and the directionality of species interactions. Applying joint species distribution modelling to high throughput sequencing data on co-occurring fungal-bacterial communities in deadwood, we found evidence that non-random fungal-bacterial associations derive from shared habitat use, as well as (potentially) biotic interactions. Importantly,<i> </i>the combination of cross-validations and conditional cross-validations helped us to answer the question about the directionality of the biotic interactions, providing evidence that suggests that fungal communities may mainly affect bacteria in deadwood. Our modelling approach may help gaining insight into the directionality of interactions between different components of the microbiome in other environments.</p>
Unravelling the modus operandi of phytosiderophores during zinc uptake in rice: the importance of geochemical gradients and accurate stability constants
<p>Dataset for figures in the article 'Unravelling the modus operandi of phytosiderophores during zinc uptake in rice: the importance of geochemical gradients and accurate stability constants'.</p>
Importance of respiratory syncytial virus as a predictor of hospital length of stay in Bronchiolitis
<p>DATA BASE OF ARTICLE TITTLED "<strong>Importance of respiratory syncytial virus as a predictor of hospital length of stay in Bronchiolitis"</strong></p>
Supporting material for 'Eighty-six EU policy options for reducing imported deforestation'
<p>This dataset constitutes supporting material to the publication 'Eighty-six EU policy options for reducing imported deforestation', forthcoming in the journal One Earth. Contained in this dataset are the 1,141 original policy proposals that are identified in grey literature and a European Commission (EC) public consultation, as well as the assessment of the political feasibility of each of the 86 summary policy options derived from the original proposals. Political feasibility is assessed across three determinants: (1) ‘advocacy’, which measure the support for a policy across different actors; (2) ‘institutional setting’, which captures the institutional complexity of defining and adopting a given policy; and (3) ‘costs’, which express the magnitude and distribution of societal costs resulting from policy implementation.</p>
Simulated data used in "The importance of censoring in competing risks analysis of the subdistribution hazard"
<p>The simulated data used for analysis in "The importance of censoring in competing risks analysis of the subdistribution hazard". Simulated using the method described in Additional file 1.<br> <br> <strong>Warning: Large file.</strong> Contains 1000 datasets of 300 observations each, for each of 105 parameter combinations (31,500,000 rows). Some programs (e.g. Excel) will not be able to open it in full.</p> <p>csv file with columns:</p> <p><strong>p.comp:</strong> risk of the competing event in exposure group A for this scenario [0 to 0.30 in increments of 0.05]<br> <strong>lnb.cens:</strong> log(hazard ratio) for loss to follow-up in old versus young individuals for this scenario [0 to 1 in increments of 0.25]<br> <strong>lnb.evt:</strong> log(subdistribution hazard ratio) for the event of interest in exposure group B vs group A for this scenario [0, 0.5, 1]<br> <strong>sim:</strong> ID of the simulated dataset for this scenario [1-1000]<br> <strong>exposure:</strong> exposure group (0 = A, 1 = B) of this individual<br> <strong>age:</strong> age group (0 = young, 1 = old) of this individual<br> <strong>time:</strong> time-to-event or censoring for this individual<br> <strong>evtcode:</strong> event type (0 = censoring, 1 = event of interest, 2 = competing event)<br> <strong>censcode:</strong> type of censoring (1 = end-of-study, 2 = loss to follow-up)</p>
Data supplementing article "Transport of riverine material from multiple rivers in the Chesapeake Bay: important control of estuarine circulation on the material distribution" under review at the Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeoscience
<p>These data supplement the article: Du, J. and J. Shen, Transport of riverine material from multiple rivers in the Chesapeake Bay: important control of estuarine circulation on the material distribution, under review at the Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeoscience</p> <p>contact: Jiabi Du, jiabi@vims.edu</p> <p>Below are descriptions of the data files included here:</p> <p>1. Monthly mean tracer output [1985-2014]</p> <p>-netCDF format results for monthly mean tracer concentrations from different sources (Susquehanna, Potomac, Rappahannock, York, James Rivers, and Coastal Ocean)</p> <p>-grid information are also included</p> <p>2. Matlab Scripts For Plotting.zip:</p> <p>-Matlab scripts used to plot the horizontal map, the vertical profile for the along channel section, the vertical profile for cross-channel sections. The script enables users to define the period and section no to plot. </p> <p>3. tracer influx and outflux ratio at 9 cross-section.xls:</p> <p>-an excel file contains the bottom tracer influx ratio and surface tracer outflux ratio for different rivers at different sections. </p>
Supplementary material for "Playback experiments highlight the importance of nearest-neighbor distance and social information for nest site selection in the House Martin (Delichon urbicum)"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Understanding nest site selection is crucial for species conservation. Bird conservation often involves installing nesting aids to increase nest site availability and induce colonization of unoccupied sites. However, prospecting individuals must find nesting aids, which may be facilitated by social information. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of artificial nests and playback in the declining, migratory House Martin <em>Delichon urbicum</em>. We selected unoccupied sites with artificial nests along a distance gradient to occupied sites and broadcasted conspecific vocalizations during prospection times of House Martins in both the post- and the following pre-breeding periods. Visitation and colonization rates increased considerably in proximity to occupied sites. Playback during the post-breeding and pre-breeding periods enhanced visitation rates, while pre-breeding-only and post-breeding-only playback had smaller positive effects. Colonization rate increased exclusively with pre-breeding-only playback. Colonized playback and non-playback sites had similar breeding success, indicating that playback did not create ecological traps by attracting House Martins to suboptimal sites. Hence, broadcasting conspecific vocalizations informs prospecting birds of nest site availability, thereby increasing visitation, and to some degree, colonization of unoccupied House Martin sites. To boost colonization, we recommend installing artificial House Martin nests within approximately 500 meters of occupied sites and using playback of conspecific vocalizations.</p>
Dataset with segmentations of 117 important anatomical structures in 1228 CT images
<p>Info: This is version 2 of the TotalSegmentator dataset.<br><br>In 1228 CT images we segmented 117 anatomical structures covering a majority of relevant classes for most use cases. The CT images were randomly sampled from clinical routine, thus representing a real world dataset which generalizes to clinical application. The dataset contains a wide range of different pathologies, scanners, sequences and institutions.</p><p>Link to a copy of this dataset on Dropbox for much quicker download: <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/oq0fsz8oauory204g8o6f/Totalsegmentator_dataset_v201.zip?rlkey=afnl2ixhqca2ukkf1v9p6jz7p&dl=0">Dropbox Link</a></p><p>Overview of differences to v1 of this dataset: <a href="https://github.com/wasserth/TotalSegmentator/blob/master/resources/improvements_in_v2.md">here</a></p><p>A small subset of this dataset with only 102 subjects for quick download+exploration can be found here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8367169">here</a></p><p>You can find a segmentation model trained on this dataset <a href="https://github.com/wasserth/TotalSegmentator">here</a>.<br><br>More details about the dataset can be found in the corresponding <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/ryai.230024">paper</a> (the paper describes v1 of the dataset). Please cite this paper if you use the dataset.</p><p>This dataset was created by the department of <a href="https://www.unispital-basel.ch/en/radiologie-nuklearmedizin/forschung-radiologie-nuklearmedizin">Research and Analysis at University Hospital Basel</a>.</p><p><strong>UPDATE</strong>: On 2023-10-27 we uploaded version 2.0.1 which fixes broken files.</p>
Data from: foraging and the importance of knowledge in Pemba, Tanzania: implications for childhood evolution
<p>Childhood is a period of life unique to humans. Childhood may have evolved through the need to acquire knowledge and subsistence skills. In an effort to understand the functional significance of childhood, previous research examined increases with age in returns to foraging across food resources. Such increases could be due to changes in knowledge, or other factors such as body size or strength. Here we attempt to unpack these age-related changes. First we estimate age-specific foraging returns for two resources. We then develop non-linear structural equation models to evaluate the relative importance of ecological knowledge, grip strength, and height in a population of part-time children foragers on Pemba island, Tanzania. We use anthropometric measures, estimates of ecological knowledge, and behavioral observations for 63 individuals across 370 foraging trips. We find slower increases in foraging returns with age for trap hunting than for shellfish collection. We do not detect any effect of individual knowledge on foraging returns, potentially linked to information-sharing within foraging parties. Producing accurate estimates of the distinct contribution of specific traits to an individual's foraging performance constitutes a key step in evaluating different hypotheses for the emergence of childhood.</p>
Figure 1 in Population fluctuation of some economically important mites on two mango cultivars in Qalyubia governorate, Egypt
Figure 1. Population fluctuation of plant-feeding and predacious mites on "Naomi" mango cultivar at Qalyubia governorate during 2020–2022 seasons.
Figure 2 in Population fluctuation of some economically important mites on two mango cultivars in Qalyubia governorate, Egypt
Figure 2. Population fluctuation of plant-feeding and predacious mites on "Heidi" mango cultivar at Qalyubia governorate during 2020–2022 seasons.
Importance rating of various operational aspects related to repair service processes
<h3>Contextual information</h3><p>The survey considers the scenario that repairs are conducted at a repair service centre but not as a repair service at home as, e.g., for washing machines. This allowed to split the sample into four groups, each of it referring to a different portable product to be repaired (bicycle, smartphone, vacuum cleaner and a generic product) in order to examine the generalisability of the results.</p><p>The survey is based on items related to repair operations and provides data concerning the importance of the different items. It considers the scenario that repairs are conducted at a repair service centre but not as a repair service at home as, e.g., for washing machines. The operational aspects concern three different stages of the repair process that can be influenced by the repair company: the prepurchase, service encounter, and post-encounter stage. Furthermore, socio-demographic data is included.</p><h3>Description of the data and file structure</h3><p>The dataset contains 107 aspects identified for potential improvement of repair operations. The importance of operational aspects was rated by survey participants on a 7-point Likert scale (extremely important to not at all important). Three additional questions for quality control (e.g., 'Please tick 1 = extremely important') tested the attention of the participants. </p><p>File 'Translation_of_items.ods' contains the items in German (original version) and English (translated). File 'Description_of_Data.ods' contains a description of the variables.</p><ul><li>We removed all answers with completion time of less than five minutes, as the pre-test showed that this was the minimum time for a focused completion of the survey.</li><li>All data rows with wrongly answered control questions were removed.</li></ul>
Figure 2 in Extant because important or important because extant? On the scientific importance and conservation of a genetically pure Sicilian population of the threatened Salmo cettii Rafinesque, 1810
Figure 2. – Individual Salmo cettii from Tellesimo Stream (for the morphological and phenotypical characteristics of Sicilian trout see: Duchi, 1988; Fruciano et al., 2014; Duchi, 2018).
Figure 7. Aegiochus nohinohi Bruca, 2009 immatura staga 1 in Reconstructing the life cycle of the isopodan group Aegidae with morphological descriptions and the importance of immature stages
Figure 7. Aegiochus nohinohi Bruca, 2009 immatura staga 1 (NIWA 24018). A, Dorsal viaw. B–C, Vantral viaw. D, Lataral viaw. E, Antannula. F, Antanna. G, Mandibla. H, Maxillipad. I, Maxillula. J, Maxilla. Scalas: A–D, 1 mm; E–F, 0.25 mm (top, right); G–J, 0.25 mm (bottom, right).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.