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120 results for “plant mechanics”
Metabolic growth mechanisms and theoretical growth potential of global woody plant communities
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Data from: Living in two worlds: evolutionary mechanisms act differently in the native and introduced ranges of an invasive plant
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Data from: Plant–plant interactions as a mechanism structuring plant diversity in a Mediterranean semi-arid ecosystem
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Data from: When spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators: mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproduction
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Foliar water uptake by coastal wetland plants: a novel water acquisition mechanism in arid and humid subtropical mangroves
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Data from: Anther rubbing, a new mechanism that actively promotes selfing in plants
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Data from: Plantings accelerate restoration of tropical forest but assembly mechanisms appear insensitive to initial composition
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Data from: Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander
Various mechanisms can facilitate the success of plant invasions simultaneously, but may be difficult to disentangle. We compared plants of the range-expanding species Bunias orientalis from populations of native, invasive and exotic, not yet invasive origin in a field common garden over two years. Plants were grown under two nitrate-regimes and multiple traits regarding growth, defence, antagonist loads and reproduction were measured. We used a rank-based clustering approach to assign correlated traits to distinct suites. These suites were analysed for "syndromes" that are expressed as a function of population origin and/or fertilisation treatment and might represent different invasion mechanisms. Indeed, distinct suites of traits were differentially affected by these factors. Our results suggest that different pre-adaptation properties, such as certain growth characteristics and intraspecific chemical variation, as well as post-introduction adaptations to antagonists and resource availability in novel habitats are candidate mechanisms that facilitate the success of invasive B. orientalis in parallel. We conclude that rank-based clustering is a robust and expedient approach to integrate multiple traits for elucidating invasion syndromes within individual species. Studying a multitude of traits at different life-history and establishment stages of plants grown under distinct resource treatments reveals species-specific trade-offs and resource sinks and simplifies the interpretation of single trait functions for plant invasiveness.
Data from: Can plants evolve tolerance mechanisms to heterospecific pollen effects? An experimental test of the adaptive potential in Clarkia species
Flowering plants do not occur alone and often grow in mixed-species communities where pollinator sharing is high and interactions via pollinators can occur at pre- and post-pollination stages. While the causes and consequences of pre-pollination interactions have been well studied little is known about post-pollination interactions via heterospecific pollen (HP) receipt, and even less about the evolutionary implications of these interactions. In particular, the degree to which plants can evolve tolerance mechanisms to the negative effects of HP receipt has received little attention. Here, we aim to fill this gap in our understanding of post-pollination interactions by experimentally testing whether two co-flowering Clarkia species can evolve HP tolerance, and whether tolerance to specific HP 'genotypes' (fine-scale local adaptation to HP) occurs. We find that Clarkia species vary in their tolerance to HP effects. Furthermore, conspecific pollen performance and the magnitude of HP effects were related to the recipient's history of exposure to HP in C. xantiana but not in C. speciosa. Specifically, better conspecific pollen performance and smaller HP effects were observed in populations of C. xantiana plants with previous exposure to HP compared to populations without such exposure. These results suggest that plants may have the potential to evolve tolerance mechanisms to HP effects but that these may occur not from the female (stigma, style) but from the male (pollen) perspective, a possibility that is often overlooked. We find no evidence for fine-scale local adaptation to HP receipt. Studies that evaluate the adaptive potential of plants to the negative effects of HP receipt are an important first step in understanding the evolutionary consequences of plant–plant post-pollination interactions. Such knowledge is in turn crucial for deciphering the role of plant–pollinator interactions in driving floral evolution and the composition of co-flowering communities.
Data from: Phylogenetic and functional mechanisms of direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants
Disentangling direct and indirect interactions among alien and native plants is essential to understanding the success of alien plants in multi-species communities, but studies have only focused on direct pairwise interactions. Moreover, it is also essential to explore phylogenetic and functional mechanisms driving these interactions. In a greenhouse experiment, we selected nine groups of alien and native plant species from the herbaceous flora of Germany to disentangle their direct and indirect interactions. Each group had an alien (A) that is common or rare in Germany (i.e. non-native range), two natives that are phylogenetically closely related (Nclose) and distantly related (Ndist) to A respectively, and a distantly related "target" native (T). We grew the four species of each group alone, and in two-species and three-species combinations. Specifically, we tested whether competition is greater between A and Nclose than between A and Ndist, whether presence of Nclose rather than Ndist indirectly alleviates competition of A on T, and whether these interaction patterns depend on commonness of A. Moreover, we tested how intensity of these interactions is explained by phylogenetic distance, functional traits (height, seed mass, SLA, leaf size, specific root length, leaf area ratio, root length ratio (root length/plant mass), shoot weight ratio) and traits-based functional distance. We found A had stronger competition on Nclose than on Ndist. In turn, A was more suppressed by Nclose than by Ndist, but this was only true for rare rather than common A. The presence of Ndist rather than Nclose indirectly reduced competition of A on T. The intensity of the interactions was not explained by phylogenetic or functional distance, but by some of the functional traits. Specifically, a plant experienced stronger competition when it was shorter and had smaller leaves and lower shoot weight ratio, and when its neighbors were taller, had greater SLA, leaf area ratio and shoot weight ratio, and had a lower root length ratio. Synthesis. Functional traits can help explain competitive interactions. While direct competition tended to be stronger between more closely related alien and native plants, this did not indirectly facilitate other co-occurring native plants.
Data from: Diet complementation as a frequency‐dependent mechanism conferring advantages to rare plants via dispersal
1. We used an agent-based model to test the hypothesis that diet complementation by frugivores can promote the persistence of rare plant species in communities (DCH). 2. Models simulated bird movement, frugivory, seed-dispersal, and plant recruitment on landscapes that differed in their degree of fragmentation and in their degree of fruiting species mixing at the scale of frugivores' foraging decisions. 3. Diet complementation promoted the dispersal of rare-species without the need of a priori preference from birds. The effects of landscape structure on the dispersal of rare plants were small (<5%) compared to positive effects of diet complementation because birds tracked the nutrients contained in rare fruits to balance their diets. However, resource-tracking of rare fruits increased foraging costs up to 20% of net energy intakes. 4. During post-dispersal stages, density-dependent mortality only conferred advantages to rare plants when located within hetero-specific plant patches. Still, thanks to rare-biased dispersal, rare plants showed the highest seed dispersal effectiveness irrespectively of landscape configuration. 5. Our theoretical approach presents a behavioral mechanism by which fruit choice can act as a frequency-dependent mechanism conferring rare-species advantages as important as classic post-dispersal density-dependent processes. 6. We hope that this study stimulates future work aimed at evaluating the importance of diet complementation in structuring the composition and spatial patterning of plant communities.
When cheating turns into a stabilizing mechanism of plant-pollinator communities
<p>This repository is a complete update to the one linked to our preprint (https://zenodo.org/records/8272889). It includes:</p><ul><li>R codes to reproduce simulations, empirical analyses and figures</li><li>results of theoretical simulations (data_for_analyses.txt in simulations_results)</li><li>empirical data to reproduce analyses (traits_data.csv<i> & </i>empirical_data.csv in empirical<i>_</i>data folder)</li><li>results of simulations calibrated by empirical networks (equilibriums_analyse_empir.txt in simulations_results)</li><li>results of simulations for randomized empirical cheating patterns (equilibriums_analyse_empir_null.txt in simulations_results)</li></ul><p>R (v. 4.3.0) codes are also available here: <a href="https://github.com/f-duchenne/Cheating_in_mutualistic_networks">https://github.com/f-duchenne/Cheating_in_mutualistic_networks</a></p>
Importance of invasion mechanisms varies with abiotic context and plant invader growth form
<p><span>1. Many invasion hypotheses propose biotic interactions as the main mechanism to explain non-native species' success. Despite the evidence that the strength of biotic interactions varies with abiotic context, it remains unclear whether the importance of the different mechanisms proposed to explain invasion predictably varies with abiotic context and whether this variation is consistent across different growth forms.</span></p> <p><span>2. We reviewed studies at a global scale to evaluate whether evapotranspiration, latitude, precipitation, and temperature influence the importance of disturbance, enemy release, facilitation, and novel weapons mechanisms to explain non-native plant invasions. In total, we calculated 171 effect sizes for ~300 non-native plant species covering a wide range of environmental conditions and growth forms.</span></p> <p><span>3. Environmental context and plant growth form influenced the role played by each invasion mechanism. The importance of disturbance in facilitating invasion exhibited a quadratic relationship with latitude and temperature and decreased with increasing precipitation. In mixed communities and trees, disturbance was mediated by either evapotranspiration, latitude, precipitation, or temperature. Enemy release exhibited a quadratic relationship with evapotranspiration, latitude, and precipitation, and was positively related to temperature. The importance of enemy release was also contingent on growth form and was highly context-dependent, enemy release responses for grasses, and trees were modulated by either evapotranspiration, latitude, precipitation, or temperature. The importance of facilitation decreased with increasing temperature. In forbs, facilitation decreased with evapotranspiration and temperature. The importance of novel weapons was more strongly confirmed for studies conducted at lower evapotranspiration, precipitation, and higher latitudes, and exhibited a quadratic relationship with temperature.</span></p> <p><span>4. Synthesis. Our results show that environmental conditions not only filter non-native species depending on physiological tolerances but may also influence the importance of invasion mechanisms.</span></p>
Supplementary material 6 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S5. Pairwise correlations between individual traits of Bunias orientalis plants :
Supplementary material 5 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S4. Reproduction traits of Bunias orientalis plants :
Supplementary material 4 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S3. Herbivore loads of Bunias orientalis plants :
Supplementary material 3 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S2. Growth traits of Bunias orientalis plants :
Supplementary material 1 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Methods S1: Details for plant treatment and data analysis :
Supplementary material 2 from: Tewes LJ, Mueller C (2018) Syndromes in suites of correlated traits suggest multiple mechanisms facilitating invasion in a plant range-expander. NeoBiota 37: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.37.21470
Figure S1. Design of the common garden field experiment :
Fig. 1 in Sites of biosynthesis and storage of Taxol in Taxus media (Rehder) plants: Mechanism of accumulation
Fig. 1. Summarized Taxol biosynthetic pathway.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.