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Fig. 4. a–b in First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata

Fig. 4. a–b) Ventral view of M. isaloensis n. sp. holotype. (c) Hamuli from mature specimens and (d) Marginal hooklets 1–8. Scale bars: B, 200 μm; C, 100 μm; D, 20 μm. Abbreviations: de, developing embryo; ee, early embryo; ev, excretory vessel; gb, genital bulb; gc, genito-intestinal canal; ha, hamuli. hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mh, marginal hooklet; mo, mouth; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitelline follicles; vv, vitelline duct.

Fig. 3. a–b in First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata

Fig. 3. a–b) Ventral view of M. magnahami n. sp. holotype. (c) Hamuli from mature specimens and (d) Marginal hooklets 1 (top) and 2–8 (bottom). Scale bars: B, 500 μm; C, 100 μm; D, 25 μm. Abbreviations: em, embryo; ev, excretory vessel; gb, genital bulb; gc, genito-intestinal canal; ha, hamuli. hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mh, marginal hooklet; mo, mouth; pe, potential embryo; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitelline follicles; vv, vitelline duct.

Fig. 2 in First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata

Fig. 2. Minimum Evolution tree for Madapolystoma spp. Numbers on nodes indicate bootstrap support values. Madapolystoma sp. from B. domerguei refers to M. magnahami n. sp. and Madapolystoma sp. from M. expectata refers to M. isaloensis n. sp.

Fig. 1. a in First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata

Fig. 1. a) Map of Madagascar with the distribution areas and sampling localities of the two investigated frogs; b) Blommersia domerguei; c) Mantella expectata. (Map-Library, 2007).

Fig. 14 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 14. Phylogeny of Mesobiotus Vecchi, Cesari, Bertolani, Jönsson, Rebecchi & Guidetti, 2016 based on concatenated 18S + 28S + ITS-2 + COI sequences. Numbers at nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probability values (BI, first values) and bootstrap values (ML, second values). Black dots indicate the nodes supported by values of 1.0/100% with both methods. Low support values (below 0.9 in BI and below 70% in ML) not shown. Scale bar and branch lengths refer to the Bayesian analysis.

Fig. 13 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 13. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov., paratype (SPbU Tar_65), egg. A–B. Details of the egg processes, whire arrowheads indicate large pores, black arrowheads indicate small pores, SEM. Scale bars = 5 µm.

Fig. 12 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 12. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov., egg. A–D. Paratypes (SPbU Tar_65). A, C. Total view of the eggs, SEM. B, D. Details of the egg surface, SEM. Note the difference in the degree of development of small tubercles and numerous small pores on the egg surface. Scale bars: A–B = 20 µm; C–D = 5 µm.

Fig. 11 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 11. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov., paratype (SPbU 320(6)), egg. A. Total view of the egg, PhC. B. Egg processes with small bulbous process between them, black arrowhead, DIC. C–D. Details of the egg surface, black arrowheads indicate small bulbous processes, PhC (C), DIC (D). E. Bifurcated egg process, PhC. F. Egg process with "bubble", black arrowhead, PhC. G–H. Optical sections of the egg process basal part, white arrowheads indicate a pore, DIC. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–H = 10 µm.

Fig. 9 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 9. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov., bucco-pharyngeal apparatus. A–G. Holotype (SPbU 320(10)). H. Paratype (SPbU 320(1)). A. Total dorso-ventral view of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus, PhC. B–C. Placoids, black arrowheads indicate the preterminal constriction of the third macroplacoid, PhC (B), DIC (C). D–G. Oral cavity armature (D–E = dorsal view, F–G = ventral view), PhC (D, F), DIC (E, G). H. Oral cavity armature with fragmented medio-ventral ridge, PhC. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–H = 10 µm.

Fig. 10 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 10. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov., claws. A, C, F–G. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). B. Paratype (SPbU 320(1)). D, H. Holotype (SPbU 320(10)). E. Paratype (SPbU 320(5)). A. Inner surface of leg III, white arrowhead indicates indistinctly marked pulvinus, SEM. B. Claws of leg II, black arrowhead indicates bar-like cuticular thickening, PhC. C. Claws of leg III, SEM. D. Claws of leg I, focused on bar-like cuticular thickening, black arrowhead, white arrowhead indicates the zone of dot-like sculpture, PhC. E. Claws of leg IV, black arrowheads indicate cuticular sculpture around the claw bases, PhC. F. Claws of leg IV, SEM. G. Lunules of claws of leg IV, SEM. H. Leg IV, focused on horseshoe-like structure, white arrowhead, black arrowhead indicates cuticular sculpture around the claw base, PhC. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, H = 10 µm; C, F–G = 5 µm.

Fig. 8 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 8. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov., cuticular sculpture and oral cavity armature (OCA). A–B, E–F. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). C–D. Holotype (SPbU 320(10)). A. High magnification of the sculpture of the dorsal body surface, SEM. B. Dot-like sculpture on the external surface of leg III, SEM. C. Dotlike sculpture on the external surface of leg III, PhC, black arrowhead inticates the zone of sculpture. D. Dot-like sculpture on the dorsal side of hind leg, PhC. E. Dot-like sculpture on the dorsal side of hind leg, SEM, white arrowhead indicates the zone of sculpture. F. Mouth opening with dorsal OCA visible, SEM, white arrow indicates the first band of teeth, white arrowhead indicates the dorsal crests of the third band of teeth. Scale bars A–B, F = 2 µm; C–E = 5 µm.

Fig. 7 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 7. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov., total view. A. Paratype, ♀ (SPbU 420(1)). Dorso-ventral view, PhC. B. Paratype (SPbU Tar_65). Ventro-lateral view in SEM. Scale bars = 50 µm.

Fig. 4 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 4. Mesobiotus efa sp. nov., claws. A–B, E. Holotype (SPbU 275(72)). C. Paratype (SPbU 275(197)). D. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). A. Claws of leg I, black arrowhead indicates bar-like cuticular thickening, PhC. B. Claws of leg II, black arrowhead indicates bar-like cuticular thickening, PhC. C. Claws of leg IV, white arrowhead indicates cuticular sculpture around the claw base, PhC. D. Claws of leg IV, white arrowhead indicates cuticular sculpture around the claw base, SEM. E. Claws of leg IV, black arrowhead indicates horseshoe-like structure, PhC. Scale bars: A–C, E = 10 µm; D = 5 µm.

Fig. 3 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 3. Mesobiotus efa sp. nov., bucco-pharyngeal apparatus.A. Holotype (SPbU 275(72)).B–G. Paratype (SPbU 275(197)). A. Total dorso-ventral view of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus, black arrowheads indicate eyes, PhC. B–C. Placoids, PhC (B) and DIC (C). D–G. Oral cavity armature (D–E = dorsal view, F–G = ventral view), PhC (D, F), DIC (E, G). Scale bars: A = 10 µm; B–G = 5 µm.

Fig. 2 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 2. Mesobiotus efa sp. nov., cuticular sculpture. A–B, D. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). C. Paratype (SPbU 275(197)). A. High magnification of the sculpture of the dorsal body surface, SEM. B. Dot-like sculpture on the external surface of leg III, SEM. C. Dot-like sculpture on the external surface of leg III, PhC, black arrowhead indicates dots. D. Dot-like sculpture on the dorsal side of hind legs, SEM. Scale bars: A–B, D = 2 µm; C = 5 µm.

Fig. 1 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 1. Mesobiotus efa sp. nov., total view. A. Holotype, ♀ (SPbU 275(72)). Dorso-ventral view, black arrowheads indicate eyes, PhC. B. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). Ventral view in SEM. Scale bars = 50 µm.

Fig. 6 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 6. Mesobiotus efa sp. nov., paratype (SPbU Tar_33), eggs. A. Total view of the egg, SEM. B–C. Details of the egg surface, black arrowheads indicate pores on the egg processes, black arrow indicates wrinkles on the egg surface, SEM. D. Egg process, black arrowheads indicate pores, white arrowhead indicates terminal filaments, SEM. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B = 5 µm; C–D = 2 µm.

Fig. 5 in Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus

Fig. 5. Mesobiotus efa sp. nov., eggs. A–E, H–I. Paratype (SPbU 275(210)). F–G. Paratype (SPbU 275(180)). A. Total view of the optical section of the embryonated egg, PhC. B. Total view of the egg surface, PhC. C. Total view of the egg surface, DIC. D. Details of the egg surface, PhC. E–H. Egg processes, PhC. I. Optical section of the egg process, DIC. Black arrowheads indicate bifurcated tips, white arrowheads indicate terminal and subterminal filaments, black arrow indicates a pore. Scale bars: A–C = 20 µm; D–I = 10 µm.

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Fig. 2 in First record of the genus Phauloppia Berlese, 1908 (Acari: Oribatida: Oribatulidae) with description of Phauloppia lucorum (C.L. Koch, 1841) from Korea

Fig. 2. Phauloppia lucorum (C.L. Koch, 1841). (A) Prodorsum and anterior part of notogaster. (B) Genital region with setae. Genital setae: g1, g2, g3, g4, g5; Aggenital seta: ag. (C) Sensillus (ss) and bothridium (bo). (D) Exobothridial seta (ex). (E) Porose area Aa. (F) Notogateral setae: c1, c2, da.