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Figure 3 from: Hristov M, Sabit Z, Kirilov T, Bakalov D, Tzoneva R, Apostolova S, Georgieva I, Andreeva-Gateva P (2024) Effects of riboflavin on hyperalgesia and serum glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in rats with painful diabetic neuropathy. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120921
Figure 3 Effects of riboflavin on changes in pain threshold were investigated using the formalin test. The ends of the boxes depict the 25th and 75th percentiles, with a line at the median, while error bars extend to the 10th and 90th percentiles. During phase 1 of the formalin test, neither the vehicle-treated diabetic group nor the introduction of riboflavin showed significant changes in nociceptive behavior compared to the control group. In phase 2, the vehicle-treated diabetic group exhibited increased nociceptive behavior, while the addition of 25 mg or 50 mg of vitamin B2 significantly alleviated formalin-induced hyperalgesia. Significant differences compared to the control group (Normal) are indicated as *P < 0.05. Significant differences compared to the diabetic group (Diabetic) are indicated as #P < 0.05. n=8 animals per group.
Figure 2 from: Hristov M, Sabit Z, Kirilov T, Bakalov D, Tzoneva R, Apostolova S, Georgieva I, Andreeva-Gateva P (2024) Effects of riboflavin on hyperalgesia and serum glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in rats with painful diabetic neuropathy. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120921
Figure 2 Effects of riboflavin on changes in pain threshold were investigated using the cold plate. Streptozotocin administration induced significant cold-induced hyperalgesia, alleviated notably by riboflavin in drinking water. Significant differences compared to the control group (Normal) are indicated as ***P < 0.001. Significant differences compared to the diabetic group (Diabetic) are indicated as #P < 0.05 and ###P < 0.001. n=8 animals per group.
Figure 4 from: Hristov M, Sabit Z, Kirilov T, Bakalov D, Tzoneva R, Apostolova S, Georgieva I, Andreeva-Gateva P (2024) Effects of riboflavin on hyperalgesia and serum glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in rats with painful diabetic neuropathy. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e120921
Figure 4 Box plot illustrating the effect of riboflavin supplementation on the serum glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in diabetic rats. The ends of the boxes depict the 25th and 75th percentiles, with a line at the median, while error bars extend to the 10th and 90th percentiles. Riboflavin supplementation in the drinking water significantly altered the serum glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in diabetic rats with neuropathic pain, with a significant difference found only between the "Diabetic" and "Diabetic + Rf 50 mg" groups. Significant differences compared to the diabetic group (Diabetic) are indicated as *p < 0.05. n=8 animals per group.
Intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) emissions based on source-specific emission ratios relative to non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) give better representation of the spatial distribution of IVOCs in China
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Simulations results of the paper "The progression-free-survival ratio in molecularly-aided tumor trials - a critical examination of current practice and suggestions for alternative methods" by Edelmann, Terzer, Schlenk, Horak, Benner
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Global flow ratios
<p>Datasets and codes used in the paper "Temperature and pH mediate stoichiometric constraints of organically-derived soil nutrients", <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15985">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15985</a>.</p>
Effects of biases in adult sex ratio and male body condition on the alternative reproductive tactics of a gift-giving spider
<p>This dataset contains raw data from the manuscript entitled "<span>Adult sex ratio and male body condition affect alternative reproductive tactics in a spider", from </span>Daniel Heimerl, Pavla Dudová, Karoline Wacker, Elisa Schenkel, Garance Despréaux, Cristina Tuni, accepted for publication in the journal Behavioral Ecology<span>, </span></p> <p>The study investigates how biases in adult sex ratios can affect mating tactics in a spider. Sex ratio variation can alter the intensity of sexual selection by enhancing competition for mates. Under intense competition males increase their investment in behaviors to outcompete rivals (e.g., fighting). Yet, given that in male-biased environments mating opportunities are rare males may alternatively reduce costly courtship and/or adopt alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). Males of the spider <i>Pisaura mirabilis</i> adopt different mating tactics, offering females genuine nuptial gifts (prey), nutritionally worthless gifts (prey leftovers) or no gifts.</p> <p>To test whether behavioral shifts between gift tactics are triggered by changes in the competitive environment, we established replicate spider populations under natural conditions (field enclosures) at varying adult sex ratios (male-biased, female-biased and equal) and sampled gift tactics (no gift, genuine and worthless gifts) repeatedly over time. We additionally explored how male individual traits, such as body size and condition, affect the expression of ARTs.</p> <p>In male-biased populations males produced more gifts but of low quality, suggesting competition to trigger increased mating effort to ensure mate acquisition and fertilizations, but through a worthless gift tactic. Production of gifts and of genuine gifts was favored by high body condition, pointing to energetic limitations as being central for male reproductive capacity. We hence highlight two co-existing mechanisms at play to explain ARTs in this system, the competitive social environment where expression of gift tactics is based on optimal-decision making to overcome competition, and a conditional strategy linked to the individual's energetic state.</p>
Poa arachnifera demography and sex ratio surveys
<p>Understanding the mechanisms that generate biogeographic range limits is a long-standing goal of ecology. It is widely hypothesized that distributional limits reflect the environmental niche, but this hypothesis is complicated by widespread potential for intra-specific niche heterogeneity. In dioecious species, sexual niche differentiation may cause divergence between the sexes in their limits of environmental suitability. We studied range boundary formation in Texas bluegrass ( <i>Poa arachnifera </i>), a perennial dioecious plant, testing the alternative hypotheses that range limits reflect the niche limits of females only versus the combined contributions of females and males, including their inter-dependence via mating. Common garden experiments across a longitudinal aridity gradient revealed female-biased flowering approaching eastern range limits, suggesting that mate limitation may constrain the species' distribution. However, a demographic model showed that declines in λ approaching range limits were driven almost entirely by female vital rates. The dominant role of females was attributable to seed viability being robust to sex ratio variation and to low sensitivity of λ to reproductive transitions. We suggest that female-dominant range limits may be common to long-lived species with polygamous mating systems, and that female responses to environmental drivers may often be sufficient for predicting range shifts in response to environmental change.</p>
Fig. 2 in Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Fig. 2. Seasonal variation of the water level in the Caxiuanã National Forest. Data from the fluviometric station of Caiçara, Agência Nacional das Águas (ANA), from July 2008 to July 2009.
Fig. 3 in Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Fig. 3. Relative frequency (%) of gonadal maturation stages of male (a) and female (b) of Auchenipterichthys longimanus collected from July 2008 to July 2009 in the Caxiuanã National Forest. Four gonadal maturation stages were identified: (I) Imature, (II) Maturing, (III) Mature and (IV) Spent. N = number of specimens analyzed.
Fig. 6 in Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Fig. 6. Bimonthly variation in the raw data (a,c) and mean values (b, d) for the condition factor (K) in juvenile (a, b) and adult (c, d) female of the Auchenipterichthys longimanus collected from July 2008 to July 2009 in the Caxiuanã National Forest.
Brood sex ratio, early chick survival, and cell-mediated immunity measurements for 3 experimental groups of Larus canus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus pairs
<p>Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should adjust their brood sex ratio to maximize fitness returns in relation to parental investment. Adaptive adjustment of sex ratio may be driven by differential costs of rearing sons and daughters or differential benefits of investing limited resources into offspring of different sex. In both cases, possible sex ratio bias should depend on parental condition. For sexually dimorphic birds with males larger than females, sons may be less likely to fledge since they are more vulnerable to food shortages or because they have impaired immunocompetence due to higher testosterone levels. Poor condition females should thus overproduce daughters to minimize possible reproductive failure. We manipulated the number of eggs laid and the amount of food available to laying females to induce differences in the condition in two gull species differing in sexual size-dimorphism. In the Black-headed Gull (<em>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</em>), sexual size differences are marginal, but in the Mew Gull (Larus canus, MG) males are 11% larger. In both species, females forced to lay an additional egg (presumed in worse condition) overproduced daughters, while females receiving supplemental food before laying (presumed improved condition) overproduced sons. This sex ratio skew was larger in MG, species with larger size dimorphism. Chick immunocompetence at hatching was unrelated to sex, being higher in broods of fed mothers and lower for chicks hatched from last-laid eggs. Chick survival between hatching and day 5 post-hatch was positively related to their immunocompetence, but chicks from last-laid eggs and males of the more dimorphic species (MG) survived less well. Results indicate that costs of raising larger sex offspring coupled with parental condition shape brood sex ratio in populations studied. Adaptive brood sex ratio adjustment occurs mostly before egg-laying and includes differential sex allocation in eggs depending on the probability of producing a fledged chick.</p>
Antler detection from the sky: deer sex ratio monitoring using drone-mounted thermal infrared sensors
<p><span>Sex differences</span><span> </span><span>in large mammals with sexual dimorphism</span><span> are important ecological and evolutionary issues and key factors for wildlife management. To examine the potential use of drone (</span><span>unmanned aerial vehicle; </span><span>UAV) observation using thermal infrared images for sex ratio monitoring of deer, we conducted UAV surveys at night in a sparse forest located on the distribution periphery of sika deer (<em>Cervus nippon</em>) and wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) local populations during summer and winter. Of the 163 thermal infrared images of large mammals</span><span> detected</span><span>, 132 (81.0%) and 16 (9.8%) were identified for deer and wild boar, respectively. In addition, velvet antlers of deer were visually recognized during summer, and 92% of the detected deer were antlered. This biased sex ratio would be a characteristic in the distribution periphery of local deer populations. Therefore, monitoring abundance and sex ratio using thermal infrared sensors on UAVs can improve deer management especially in the distribution periphery of local populations.</span></p>
Leaf, stem, and root stable carbon isotope ratios and gas exchange data for 452 plants
<p>This dataset contains a compilation of stable carbon isotope ratios in leaves, stems, and roots for tree saplings and associated gas exchange data. It was used in a book chapter to test whether the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the ratio of intercellular to ambient carbon dioxide concentrations differs between leaves and woody tissues. The book chapter is entitled 'Carbon isotope effects in relation to CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation by tree canopies' authored by Lucas A. Cernusak and Nerea Ubierna. It is part of the book entitled 'Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings' edited by Rolf T. Siegwolf, J. Renee Brooks, John Roden, and Matthias Saurer. The publisher of the book is Springer International Publishing, with publication in April 2022.</p>
Dataset for "Exceptional-point-based accelerometers with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio"
<p>Data set supporting the data represented in the article </p>
The image dataset for mixing ratio prediction
<p>The image dataset for mixing ratio prediction. </p>
Simultaneous determination of I/Ca and other elemental ratios in foraminifera: comparing results from acidic and basic solutions
<p>This is the supplementary data for paper "Simultaneous determination of I/Ca and other elemental ratios in foraminifera: comparing results from acidic and basic solutions" published in AGU journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. </p>
Femtosecond laser nanomachining of high-aspect-ratio channels in bulk fused silica
<p>Dataset and images related to a scientific pubblication</p>
Figure 8 in Sex ratio, oocyte development and spawning season of Mediterranean moray eel (Muraena helena) from the northern coast of Tunisia
Figure 8. – Section of gonad, illustrating the actively spawning subphase of ovary with A) a postovulatory follicle (POF) and B) cortical alveolar oocytes (CA) and mature oocytes in early germinal vesicle migration (indicated by asterisk), late germinal vesical migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD).
Figure 6 in Sex ratio, oocyte development and spawning season of Mediterranean moray eel (Muraena helena) from the northern coast of Tunisia
Figure 6. – Section of gonad, illustrating the developing reproductive phase of ovary (PG = primary growth oocyte; CA = cortical alveolar oocyte; Vtg1 = primary vitellogenic oocyte; Vtg2 = secondary vitellogenic oocyte).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.