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5,794 results for “exposures”
Severe hypoxia exposure inhibits larval brain development but does not affect the capacity to mount a cortisol stress response in zebrafish
<p>Fish nursery habitats are increasingly hypoxic and the brain is recognized as highly hypoxia-sensitive, yet there is a lack of information on the effects of hypoxia on the development and function of the larval fish brain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that by inhibiting brain development, larval exposure to severe hypoxia has persistent functional effects on the cortisol stress response in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). Exposing 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) larvae to 10% dissolved O<sub>2</sub> (DO) for 16 h only marginally reduced survival, but it decreased forebrain neural proliferation by 55%, and reduced the expression of <i>neurod1</i>, <i>gfap,</i> and <i>mbpa, </i>markers of determined neurons, glia, and oligodendrocytes, respectively. The 5 dpf hypoxic exposure also elicited transient increases in whole body cortisol and in <i>crf</i>, <i>uts1</i>, and <i>hsd20b2</i> expression, key regulators of the endocrine stress response. Hypoxia exposure at 5 dpf also inhibited the cortisol stress response to hypoxia in 10 dpf larvae and increased hypoxia tolerance. However, 10% DO exposure at 5 dpf for 16h did not affect the cortisol stress response to a novel stressor in 10 dpf larvae or the cortisol stress response to hypoxia in adult fish. Therefore, while larval exposure to severe hypoxia can inhibit brain development, it also increases hypoxia tolerance. These effects may transiently reduce the impact of hypoxia on the cortisol stress response but not its functional capacity to respond to novel stressors. We conclude that the larval cortisol stress response in zebrafish has a high capacity to cope with severe hypoxia-induced neurogenic impairment.</p>
Fluctuating exposures to UV radiation and Erythromycin result in increased mean and variance in fitness in novel environments
<p>List of non-synonymous mutations identified in populations subjected to UV radiation and Erythromycin. Mutations identified in whole-population as well as in sub-populations resistant to either rifampicin or nalidixic acid are listed in separate files.</p>
Supplementary Data: Sensitivity of Air Pollution Exposure and Disease Burden to Emission Changes in China using Machine Learning Emulation.
<p>Temporary duplicate of:</p> <p>Conibear, L., Reddington, C. L., Silver, B. J., Chen, Y., Arnold, S. R., & Spracklen, D. V. (2022). <em>Supplementary Data: Sensitivity of Air Pollution Exposure and Disease Burden to Emission Changes in China using Machine Learning Emulation. University of Leeds. [Dataset]</em>. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.5518/1055</p>
Larval yellow perch locations during locomotion assays after exposure to MeHg and PCB126
<p>Fish swimming behavior is a commonly measured response in aquatic ecotoxicology because behavior is considered a whole organism-level effect that integrates many sensory systems. Recent advancements in animal behavior models, such as hidden Markov chain models (HMM), suggest an improved analytical approach for toxicology. Using both new and traditional approaches, we examined the sublethal effects of PCB126 and methylmercury on yellow perch (YP) larvae (<em>Perca flavescens</em>) using three doses. Both approaches indicate larvae increase activity after exposure to either chemical. The middle methylmercury-dosed larvae showed multiple altered behavior patterns. First, larvae had a general increase in activity, typically performing more behavior states, more time swimming, and more swimming bouts per second. Second, when larvae were in a slow or medium swimming state, these larvae tended to switch between these states more often. Third, larvae swam slower during the swimming bouts. The upper PCB126-dosed larvae exhibited a higher proportion and a fast swimming state, but the total time spent swimming fast decreased. The middle PCB126-dosed larvae transitioned from fast to slow swimming states less often than the control larvae. These results indicate that developmental exposure to very low doses of these neurotoxicants alters YP larvae overall swimming behaviors, suggesting neurodevelopment alteration.</p>
Exposure to urban heavy metal contamination diminishes bumble bee colony growth
<p>As a result of their industrial past, legacy cites often have elevated concentrations of soil heavy metal contamination. Metal pollution can have negative and prolonged ecosystem impacts, and bees that forage in these urban ecosystems are at risk of exposure. Legacy cities are known to support species rich bee communities, which highlights the importance of determining the impact of heavy metal contamination on wild bee health. We examined how oral exposure to concentrations of four metals found within the provisions of bees foraging within Cleveland, Ohio, USA influenced colony growth of <em>Bombus impatiens</em> Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a common species within legacy cities across the eastern United States. Colony weight and brood survivorship were compared among hives fed uncontaminated sucrose solution (hereafter nectar), nectar spiked with one metal (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, or lead), and nectar containing all metals, after 15 or 30 d of exposure within flight tents. Across both exposure periods, we found a significantly higher proportion of dead brood in metal exposed hives. Additionally, colonies fed all four metals had a significantly higher proportion of dead brood than those fed a single metal. Our findings illustrate that even low, environmentally relevant concentrations of metals collected by B. impatiens in legacy cities can negatively influence bee colony growth. We highlight the need to identify metal exposure routes for bees in contaminated landscapes to minimize risk and bolster conservation habitat initiative success.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Di Lorenzo T, Di Marzio W, Piccini L, Messana G, Sáenz M, Galassi D (2018) Survival, metabolic rates and locomotory activities of a groundwater-obligate copepod species under long-term exposures to tetrachloroethylene. ARPHA Conference Abstracts 1: e29966. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.1.e29966
Survival, metabolic rates and locomotory activities of a groundwater-obligate copepod species under long-term exposures to tetrachloroethylene
Dataset Compliance study among German blood donors 2020 - Undisclosed sexual risk exposures
<p>The dataset contains data of a nationwide anonymous online survey among German (whole) blood donors, which was performed to quantify and to investigate non-compliance of donors with deferral criteria for sexual risk exposures. It covers anonymous sociodemografic information, sexual risk exposures prior to last donation, and perception of donation-related factors that could potentially be related to compliance (e.g. confidentiality, donor education).</p> <p>The file contains data (sheet "data") as well as the description of variable content and coding (sheet "variables").</p>
Historical exposure to chemicals reduces tolerance to novel chemical stress in Daphnia (waterflea)
<p>Until the last few decades, anthropogenic chemicals used in most production processes didn't have a comprehensive assessment of their risk and impact on wildlife and humans. They are transported globally and usually end up in the environment as unintentional pollutants causing long-term adverse effects. Modern toxicology practises typically use acute toxicity tests of unrealistic concentrations of chemicals to determine their safe use, missing pathological effects arising from long-term exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations. </p> <p>Here, we study the transgenerational effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of five chemicals on the priority list of international regulatory frameworks on the keystone species <em>Daphnia magna</em>. We expose <em>Daphnia </em>genotypes resurrected from the sedimentary archive of a lake with a known history of chemical pollution to the five chemicals to understand how historical exposure to chemicals influences adaptive responses to novel chemical stress. We measure within and transgenerational plasticity in fitness-linked life history traits following exposure of 'experienced' and 'naive' genotypes to novel chemical stress. As the revived <em>Daphnia </em>originates from the same genetic pool sampled at different times in the past, we are able to quantify the long-term evolutionary impact of chemical pollution by studying genome-wide diversity and identifying functional pathways affected by historical chemical stress. Our results suggest that historical exposure to chemical stress causes reduced genome-wide diversity, leading to lower cross-generational tolerance to novel chemical stress. Lower tolerance is underpinned by reduced gene diversity at detoxification, catabolism and endocrine genes in experienced genotypes. We show that these genes sit within pathways that are conserved and potential chemical targets in other species, including humans.</p>
Chronic nicotine exposure alters sperm small RNA content in a C57BL/6J mouse model: Implications for epigenetic inheritance
<p>Raw small RNA sequencing data files to accompany manuscript</p>
Short-term exposure to heatwave-like temperatures affects learning and memory in bumblebees
<p><span>Global warming has been identified as a key driver of bee declines around the world. While it is clear that elevated temperatures during the spring and summer months – the principal activity period of many bee species – is a factor in this decline, exactly how temperature affects bee survival is unknown. In vertebrates, there is clear evidence that elevated ambient temperatures impair cognition but whether and how heat affects the cognitive abilities of invertebrates remains unclear. Cognitive skills in bees are essential for their survival as, to supply the hive with nutrition, workers must be able to learn and remember the location of the most rewarding floral resources. Here, we investigate whether </span><span>temperature-related cognitive impairments could be a driver of bee declines by exploring the effect of short-term increases in ambient temperature on learning and memory. We found that, in comparison to bees that were tested at 25°C (a temperature that they would typically experience in summer), bees that were exposed to 32°C (a temperature that they will becoming increasingly exposed to during heatwave events) were significantly worse at forming an association between a coloured light and a sucrose reward and that their capacity to remember this association after just 1 hour was abolished. </span><span>This study provides novel experimental evidence that even just a few hours of exposure to heatwave-like temperatures can severely impair the cognitive performance of insects. Such temperature-induced cognitive deficits could play an important role in explaining recent and future bee population declines.</span></p>
Computational dataset for the manuscript "Tethered agonist exposure in intact adhesion/class B2 GPCRs through intrinsic structural flexibility of the GAIN domain"
<p>This repository provides url links to the MDsrv sessions for the manuscript: <em>Tethered agonist exposure in intact adhesion/class B2 GPCRs through intrinsic structural flexibility of the GAIN domain<strong>.</strong></em> </p> <p><strong>Link 1</strong>: L1 dynamic: <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/L1.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/L1.ngl </a></p> <p><strong>Link 2</strong>: G1 dynamic: <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/G1.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/G1.ngl</a></p> <p><strong>Link 3</strong>: E5 static: <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E5_crevice.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E5_crevice.ngl</a></p> <p><strong>Link 4: </strong>E5 dynamic: <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E5.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E5.ngl</a></p> <p><strong>Link 5: </strong>E5 +3 static: <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E5+3.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E5+3.ngl</a></p> <p><strong>Link 6: </strong>E5 +6 static: <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E5+6.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E5+6.ngl</a></p> <p><strong>Link 7: </strong>E2 dynamic: <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E2.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/E2.ngl</a></p> <p><strong>Link 8: </strong>L1 Phe+3Lys dynamic: <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/L1Phe+3Lys.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/L1Phe+3Lys.ngl</a></p> <p><strong>Link 9: </strong>L1 Leu+6Lys dynamic: <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/L1Leu+6Lys.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/L1Leu+6Lys.ngl</a></p> <p><strong>Link 10: </strong>L1 dynamic (ribbon representation): <a href="http://proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/L1Ribbon.ngl">proteinformatics.uni-leipzig.de/html/mdsrv.html?load=file://base/aGPCRs/L1Ribbon.ngl</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Exposure to elevated temperature during development affects bumblebee foraging behavior
<p><span>Bee foraging behavior provides a pollination service that has both ecological and economic benefits. However, bee population decline could directly affect the efficiency of this interaction. Among the drivers of this decline, global warming has been implicated as an emerging threat but exactly how increasing temperatures affect bee foraging behavior remains unexplored. Here, we assessed how exposure to elevated temperatures during development affects the foraging behavior and morphology of workers from commercial and wild <em>Bombus terrestris</em> colonies. Workers reared at 33°C had a higher visiting rate and shorter visiting time than those reared at 27°C. In addition, far fewer workers reared at 33°C engaged in foraging activities and this is potentially related to the drastic reduction in the number of individuals produced in colonies exposed to 33°C. The impact of elevated developmental temperature on wild colonies was even stronger as none of the workers from these colonies performed any foraging trips. We also found that rearing temperature affected wing size and shape. Our results provide the first evidence that colony temperature can have striking effects on bumblebee foraging behavior. Of particular importance is the drastic reduction in the number of workers performing foraging trips, and the total number of foraging trips made by workers reared in high temperatures. Further studies should explore if, ultimately, these observed effects of exposure to elevated temperature during development lead to a reduction in pollination efficiency.</span></p>
Data from: Does previous exposure to extreme precipitation regimes result in acclimated grassland communities?
<p>This dataset is related to a journal paper published in Science of The Total Environment <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156368">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156368</a>.</p>
Turbidity and Colony Count of Acinetobacter baumannii suspensions after meropenem-based antibiotic combination exposure
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Background</span></strong><span>: Carbapenems are the treatment of choice for multidrug-resistant (MDR) <em>A. baumannii</em> infection but are inadequate for carbapenem-resistant <em>A.baumannii </em>(CRAB) infections. Combination therapy came into the spotlight in the last decade. This study compares the colony count reduction after exposure to meropenem-based antibiotics in clinically achieved concentration with the time-kill test.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: A bactericidal effect was achieved in isolates that were intermediate to ampicillin sulbactam at the administration of meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam with a 2 MIC + 2 MIC. The combination of meropenem and ampicillin-sulbactam showed a bacteriostatic effect in isolates resistant to both antibiotics. The bactericidal effect was not achieved when meropenem and amikacin were administered to isolates that were intermediate or resistant to meropenem and amikacin.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Conclusion</span></strong><span>: There is a significant difference in the colony count reduction between groups of <em>A. baumannii</em> isolates after exposure to antibiotic combinations.</span></p>
dataset for "Feature distribution learning by passive exposure"
<p>Dataset for "Feature distribution learning by passive exposure".</p> <p>The dataset contains .csv files for the two experiments described in the manuscript and an example R script to read the data and perform model comparison.</p>
Bacterial RNA Virus MS2 Exposure Increases the Expression of Cancer Progression genes in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cell Line
<p><strong>Supplementary Figure 1. </strong>Network of protein-protein interactions in LNCaP cells according to their interaction with T4 and M13 phages (DNA phages). The network of protein-protein interactions in Homo Sapiens was constructed using the string protein-protein interaction network v 11.5 [35] with the overexpressed genes (highest confidence level setting) in LNCaP cells. Interactions of overexpressed protein genes were mapped with the highest confidence cut-off of (0.7-0.9). In the resulting protein association network, proteins are presented as nodes connected by lines with varying thicknesses representing the highest confidence level of (0.7-0.9). It is observed that there is strong experimentally determining evidence for the link between SRC and other overexpressed genes, including MAPKs and other integrins by adding more nodes until the highest confidence level of (0.7-0.9) among all overexpressed genes was obtained based on known interactions.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Supplementary Figure 2. </strong>Enrichr web server-based gene set enrichment analysis for overexpressed cancer progression genes in LNCaP cells treated with (A) MS2 and (B) T4 and M13 phages; which predicts caveolin-mediated endocytosis for MS2 bacterial virus (with a p-value of 0.000001399). Similarly, an integrin-mediated signaling pathway (with a p-value of 0.000007588) based on overexpression of most integrin genes and caveolin-mediated endocytosis (with a p-value of 0.000001799) were predicted for both T4 and M13 phages based on GO Biological process 2021.</p>
Dataset: Quantification of post-glacier bedrock surface erosion in the European Alps using 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence exposure dating
<p>This contains the dataset associated with the publication titled "Quantification of post-glacier bedrock surface erosion in the European Alps using 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence exposure dating" published in Earth Surface Dynamics (2022).</p>
Effects of pH and light exposure on the survival of bacteria and their ability to biodegrade organic compounds in clouds: Implications for microbial activity in acidic cloud water
<p>Our manuscript was submitted to ACP. Upon submission, all data must be accessible by anonymous access.</p>
Seroprevalence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in domestic dogs and cats and its relationship with COVID-19 cases in the city of Villavicencio, Colombia
<p>Raw data from the article "Seroprevalence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in domestic dogs and cats and its relationship with COVID-19 cases in the city of Villavicencio, Colombia". It includes the consecutive number, name, sex, age, species, coordinates, commune, spectrophotometry results and Sample to Positive <em>Ratio</em> from the ELISA test performed in each dog and cat included in the study (435 tested animals). </p>
Data from: Plant species richness and sunlight exposure increase pollinator attraction to pollinator gardens
<p>Evidence documenting the decline of insect populations is accumulating. Efforts have increased to mitigate pollinator losses by establishing gardens to support pollinator diversity. However, knowledge of the specific garden characteristics, landscape features and environmental factors that affect pollinator diversity and abundance is limited, particularly in biodiverse regions in North America. In order to better understand how garden characteristics affect pollinator attraction, we compared pollinator composition across 16 pollinator gardens in the Appalachian ecoregion in North America. We evaluated the effects of garden characteristics (e.g., plant richness, flower abundance, garden size, proportion of native species), landscape features (land-use type, distance to forest) and environmental factors (sunlight exposure) on pollinator richness, overall visitation rate and visitation rate by defined pollinator groups (i.e., solitary native bees, bumblebees, honeybees, lepidopterans and other insects). Solitary bees (i.e., native bees besides Bombus) were the most frequent visitors (61%). We found differences in pollinator species composition between urban and rural gardens. Moreover, plant richness had a positive effect on pollinator richness and an increase in flower abundance increased pollinator visitation rate. Flower abundance, plant richness and high sunlight exposure increased visitation rate of solitary bees. Visitation rate of solitary bees however, decreased with increasing proportion of native plants. Overall, our results indicate that garden characteristics, landscape and environmental factors all are important mediators of pollinator diversity and abundance. Solitary bees were most affected by garden (i.e., plant richness, number of flowers, proportion of native plants) and environmental factors (i.e., sunlight exposure). However, we also identified differential effects of garden and environmental factors across pollinator groups. We suggest that an integrated management approach that considers multiple garden and environmental characteristics could help improve the effectiveness of pollinator garden as a conservation tool and help preserve this key ecosystem service.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.