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2,170 results for “clouds”
Supporting data for "Shallow convective heating in weak temperature gradient balance explains mesoscale vertical motions in the trades" (previously for ch. 5 of "Mesoscale Cloud Patterns in the Trade-Wind Boundary Layer")
<p>This contains both the data and scripts required to produce the figures in the preprint "Shallow convective heating in weak temperature gradient balance explains mesoscale vertical motions in the trades". The scripts labeled 1-5 produce the main figures; the other scripts produce supporting data or figures.</p> <p>Earlier versions of this dataset contained the scripts and data supporting Ch. 5 of the PhD thesis "Mesoscale Cloud Patterns in the Trade-Wind Boundary Layer". The scripts labeled 1-5 produce the main figures; the other scripts produce either the underlying data, or supporting figures (prefix S). </p>
Backup for the Mapping DH instance on Wikibase Cloud – November 2024
<p>Backup for the Mapping DH instance on Wikibase Cloud – November 2024. </p>
Data for Deriving WMO cloud classes from ground-based RGB pictures with a residual neural network ensemble
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
High-speed video observation of needles formed during the leader stage in a positive cloud-to-ground flash
<p>The data supports the manuscript entitled “<span>High-speed video observation</span><span> of needles formed during </span><span><span>the </span></span><span><span><span>leader</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span><span>stage</span></span></span><span> in a positive cloud-to-ground flash</span>”. The high-speed video data files of the positive cloud-to-ground lightning of *.cihx and *.avi can be opened by Photron Camera Control software (Photron Fastcam Viewer) that can be download from this link: https://photron.com/photron-support/</p> <p>In addition, MATLAB can open the *.mat file (electric field change data), and Microsoft Excel can open the *.xlsx file (Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Lightning Location data.</p> <p>The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with the appropriate citation.</p>
Tree point cloud dataset
<p>This dataset includes real point cloud data and synthetic datasets. The real point cloud data includes 13 plum trees; there are two types of synthetic datasets, including complex and simple structure data.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>BPs (Output)</td> <td>The branch point pairs of the broken skeletons reconnected in the storage experiment</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CMSBs (Output)</td> <td>The final skeleton obtained by experimental completion</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Input_pcd (Intput)</td> <td>Point cloud data</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MB_pcd (Output)</td> <td>Synthetic datasets are unique, simulating missing point clouds</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MSBs (Output)</td> <td>Extracted discontinuous skeleton</td> </tr> <tr> <td>skeleton (Output)</td> <td>Synthetic datasets are unique, complete skeletons extracted from the complete point cloud data</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Simulation of Southern Ocean cloud processes using the high-resolution regional UK Met Office Unified Model with interactive aerosols
<p>Code and model data used to create the figures for Price et al., 2024, JGR (in prep.).</p>
MissionLabAirborneDataset-Clouds
<h1>MLAD-C</h1> <div>The <strong>M</strong>ission<strong>L</strong>ab<strong>A</strong>irborne<strong>D</strong>ataset-<strong>C</strong>louds contains aerial images of clouds and associated labeled cloud masks from a flight experiment conducted on October 12, 2023, in the Upper Bavaria region of Germany.</div> <div>The augmented dataset consists of 5488 RGB images captured from forward-looking perspective.</div> <div>MLAD-C is designed to develop models for cloud segmentation.</div> <div>In our cloud detection approach, cloud segmentation functions as a pre-stage to cloud position estimation for sense & avoid purposes.</div> <div><br>More detailed information about MLAD-C and the developed cloud segmentation model can be found in our journal article: <br><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/1/55"><strong>A Cloud Detection System for UAV Sense and Avoid: Analysis of a Monocular Approach in Simulation and Flight Tests</strong></a></div> <h2>Directory Structure</h2> <div>MLAD-C is provided in two formats:<br> <ol> <li>augmented sensor recordings prepared for <em>YOLO-v8 </em>framework to reproduce results of journal article</li> <li>non-augmented sensor recordings in Full HD resolution</li> </ol> </div> <div>The directory structure is as follows:</div> <ul> <li>augmented_mladc <ul> <li>train <ul> <li>images</li> <li>labels</li> <li>masks</li> </ul> </li> <li>val <ul> <li>images</li> <li>labels</li> <li>masks </li> </ul> </li> <li>mladc.yaml</li> </ul> </li> <li>full_hd_mladc <ul> <li>images</li> <li>masks</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2>Cite</h2> <div>If you use MLAD-C, please cite the following publication: <br><br>Dudek, A.; Stütz, P. A Cloud Detection System for UAV Sense and Avoid: Analysis of a Monocular Approach in Simulation and Flight Tests. <em>Drones</em> <strong>2025</strong>, <em>9</em>, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9010055<br><br></div> <h2>Funding</h2> <div>The research project MissionLab is funded by dtec.bw – Digitalization and Technology Research Center of</div> <div>the Bundeswehr which we gratefully acknowledge. dtec.bw is funded by the European Union –</div> <div>NextGenerationEU.</div>
Dataset for "On the quantification of thermodynamic phases of raining clouds: insights from multi-year CloudSat and ground-based radar observations over Longmen, Southern China"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Understanding the Energy Consumption of Cloud-native Software Systems
<p>These artifacts contain the dataset generated in the paper "Understanding the Energy Consumption of Cloud-native Software Systems". The dataset contains resource utilisation, power consumption, estimated power consumption and load metrics for a cloud-native software system. The test setup is consists of 6 machines running an OpenStack cluster. This OpenStack cluster is running 12 virtual machines that are in turn hosting a Kubernetes cluster. Performance and (estimated) power consumption are measured on all levels of the system.</p> <p>The Bare-Metal (BM) and Virtual Machines (VM) are identified by their IP addresses. For BM the IP mapping is as follows:</p> <ul> <li>192.168.1.109 - i3-04</li> <li>192.168.1.110 - i3-02</li> <li>192.168.1.111 - i5-02</li> <li>192.168.1.112 - i3-01</li> <li>192.168.1.113 - i5-01</li> <li>192.168.1.114 - i5-04</li> </ul> <p>For VM the IP mapping is:</p> <ul> <li>192.168.1.190 - kubernetes-agent-7</li> <li>192.168.1.191 - kubernetes-agent-6</li> <li>192.168.1.192 - kubernetes-agent-10</li> <li>192.168.1.194 - kubernetes-master</li> <li>192.168.1.196 - kubernetes-agent-3</li> <li>192.168.1.197 - kubernetes-agent-1</li> <li>192.168.1.198 - kubernetes-agent-2</li> <li>192.168.1.201 - kubernetes-agent-4</li> <li>192.168.1.203 - kubernetes-agent-9</li> <li>192.168.1.204 - kubernetes-agent-5</li> <li>192.168.1.207 - kubernetes-agent-8</li> <li>192.168.1.209 - kubernetes-agent-11</li> </ul> <p>The VMs are deployed on the BMs as follows:</p> <ul> <li>i3-01 <ul> <li>kubernetes-agent-2</li> <li>kubernetes-agent-8</li> </ul> </li> <li>i3-02 <ul> <li>kubernetes-agent-1</li> <li>kubernetes-agent-6</li> </ul> </li> <li>i3-04 <ul> <li>kubernetes-agent-10</li> <li>kubernetes-agent-11</li> </ul> </li> <li>i5-01 <ul> <li>kubernetes-agent-3</li> <li>kubernetes-agent-5</li> </ul> </li> <li>i5-02 <ul> <li>kubernetes-master</li> <li>kubernetes-agent-7</li> </ul> </li> <li>i5-04 <ul> <li>kubernetes-agent-4</li> <li>kubernetes-agent-9</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Note that the following BMs are excluded from the experiments as they have other roles in the cluster and do not run workloads:</p> <ul> <li>i3-03 (Juju - deploying OpenStack on BM nodes)</li> <li>i3-05 (ProxMox - external observability tools that do not run in the cluster)</li> <li>i5-03 (MAAS - provisioning of BM nodes)</li> </ul> <h1>Data Sets</h1> <p>The artifacts consists of 3 separate data sets: <code>constant</code>, <code>direct</code> and <code>linear</code>, corresponding to the respective load profile applied to the SUT as discussed in the paper. Each data set contains the same metrics, but the system is put under a different load.</p> <p>Every experiment is repeated 3 times. All 3 repetitions are included in the data set. The data is collected using Prometheus and stored in JSON files.</p> <p>For the <code>constant</code> and <code>linear</code> data sets, load is applied by deploying the "OpenTelemetry demo application", and sending automated user requests to the application. For the <code>direct</code> dataset, this application is not used and instead Kubernetes pods are created that apply a constant load to the cluster.</p> <p>The timestamps of the experiments are as follows:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>Run</th> <th>Iteration</th> <th>Start</th> <th>End</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>Constant - 0 users</td> <td>1</td> <td>02-05-2024 10:08</td> <td>02-05-2024 10:52</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>2</td> <td>06-05-2024 13:20</td> <td>06-05-2024 13:58</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>3</td> <td>07-05-2024 09:20</td> <td>07-05-2024 09:54</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Constant - 50 users</td> <td>1</td> <td>02-05-2024 13:26</td> <td>02-05-2024 13:57</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>2</td> <td>15-05-2024 14:06</td> <td>15-05-2024 14:38</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>3</td> <td>07-05-2024 09:56</td> <td>07-05-2024 10:39</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Constant - 100 users</td> <td>1</td> <td>02-05-2024 14:00</td> <td>02-05-2024 14:40</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>2</td> <td>06-05-2024 14:40</td> <td>06-05-2024 15:30</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>3</td> <td>07-05-2024 10:42</td> <td>07-05-2024 11:33</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Constant - 200 users</td> <td>1</td> <td>16-05-2024 09:37</td> <td>16-05-2024 10:09</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>2</td> <td>06-05-2024 15:32</td> <td>06-05-2024 16:13</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>3</td> <td>07-05-2024 11:34</td> <td>07-05-2024 12:11</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Constant - 400 users</td> <td>1</td> <td>02-05-2024 15:24</td> <td>02-05-2024 15:55</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>2</td> <td>06-05-2024 16:14</td> <td>06-05-2024 16:49</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>3</td> <td>07-05-2024 12:13</td> <td>07-05-2024 13:08</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Linear</td> <td>1</td> <td>22-05-2024 15:13</td> <td>22-05-2024 15:56</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>2</td> <td>22-05-2024 16:05</td> <td>22-05-2024 16:48</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>3</td> <td>23-05-2024 09:58</td> <td>23-05-2024 10:41</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Direct</td> <td>1</td> <td>2024-05-23 13:01:28</td> <td>2024-05-23 14:00:05</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>2</td> <td>2024-05-23 14:33:23</td> <td>2024-05-23 15:32:01</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>3</td> <td>2024-05-23 15:39:36</td> <td>2024-05-23 16:38:12</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>A complete log of the experiments can be found in <code>experiments_log.txt</code>.</p> <h2>Constant</h2> <p>The constant data set contains the metrics for the system under a constant load. The load is generated by a Locust script that sends requests to the system. Data collection starts 1 minute after the desired number of concurrent users is reached and requests have stabilised. This experiment is performed for the following constant number of concurrent users:</p> <ul> <li>0 users</li> <li>50 users</li> <li>100 users</li> <li>200 users</li> <li>400 users</li> </ul> <p>Note that the <code>0 users</code> data does not contain the <code>report_*.html</code> and <code>request_*.csv</code> files, as these are generated by Locust and Locust is not run for the <code>0 users</code> scenario.</p> <p>Furthermore, note that Horizontal Pod Autoscaling is <em>not</em> enabled for this data set.</p> <h2>Linear</h2> <p>The linear dataset contains the metrics for the system under a linearly scaling load. The load is generated through Locust. It starts at 0 users, and scales up to 100 users at a rate of 1 user per 20 seconds. After the load reaches 100 users, another 10 minutes of data is recorded. Every dataset is 45 minutes long, with 1.7 minutes of no load, 33.3 minutes of scaling up, and 10 minutes of max load.</p> <p>Note that Horizontal Pod Autoscaling <em>is</em> enabled for this data set.</p> <h2>Direct</h2> <p>The direct data set compliments the linear dataset. While the linear dataset provides a realistic load with things like networking factors being taken into account, the linear dataset can bottleneck on things like networking and the request client, so CPU usage is not maxed out. The direct dataset scales up linearly by applying direct CPU load to the Kubernetes pods without any application simulating a real usecase. The dataset works by deploying Kubernetes pods that max out immediately on exactly 200mCPU of load. The experiment starts with 1 pod, and 2 pods are added every 90 seconds up till 77 pods (the maximum number of pods the cluster allows to be scheduled). The first 1.5 minutes is no load, then 57 minutes to scale up, and then another 1.5 minutes at max load.</p> <p>Note that the <code>direct</code> data set does not contain the <code>app_*.json</code> files, as this data set does not deploy an application and therefore no application specific metrics are collected. Instead, a <code>script_log.txt</code> is provided that explains when and how the direct load was scaled up.</p> <h1>Files</h1> <p>A table for each file in the data set can be found below, including the unit of the metric and a description of what data is collected in that file. The format of all JSON files is the API response format used by Prometheus. More information on this topic can be found here: <a title="https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/api/" href="https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/api/">https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/api/</a>. All timestamps are in the CEST timezone.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>Filename</th> <th>Unit</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>app_ads_ad_requests_total.json</td> <td>Total Count</td> <td>Total requests received by the ad microservice</td> </tr> <tr> <td>app_currency_counter_total.json</td> <td>Total Count</td> <td>Total currency that circulated through the system</td> </tr> <tr> <td>app_frontend_requests_total.json</td> <td>Total Count</td> <td>Total requests received by the frontend service</td> </tr> <tr> <td>app_payment_transactions_total.json</td> <td>Total Count</td> <td>Total transactions made to the transaction microservice</td> </tr> <tr> <td>app_recommendations_counter_total.json</td> <td>Total Count</td> <td>Total recommendations made by the recommendation microservice</td> </tr> <tr> <td>container_blkio_device_usage_total.json</td> <td>Total Bytes</td> <td>Total bytes used by blkio devices for pods</td> </tr> <tr> <td>container_cpu_usage_seconds_total.json</td> <td>Total Seconds</td> <td>Cumulative cpu time consumed by the pod</td> </tr> <tr> <td>container_cpu_user_seconds_total.json</td> <td>Total Seconds</td> <td>Cumulative user cpu time consumed by the pod</td> </tr> <tr> <td>container_fs_reads_bytes_total.json</td> <td>Total Bytes</td> <td>Cumulative count of bytes read by the pod</td> </tr> <tr> <td>container_fs_writes_bytes_total.json</td> <td>Total Bytes</td> <td>Cumulative count of bytes written by the pod</td> </tr> <tr> <td>container_memory_rss.json</td> <td>Bytes</td> <td>Resident Set Size of the pod</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kepler_container_bpf_cpu_time_ms_total.json</td> <td>Milliseconds</td> <td>CPU time for the pod as measured through a Kepler BPF program</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kepler_container_core_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Total energy consumption of CPU cores used by a pod</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kepler_container_dram_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Total energy consumption of DRAM used by a pod</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kepler_container_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Aggregated total energy consumption of a pod</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kepler_container_package_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Cumulative energy consumed by all cores and uncore components of a pod</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kepler_node_core_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Aggregation of core_joules of all pods running on a Kubernetes node</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kepler_node_dram_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Aggregation of dram_joules of all pods running on a Kubernetes node</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kepler_node_package_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Aggregation of package_joules of all pods running on a Kubernetes node</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_cpu_scaling_frequency_hertz.json</td> <td>Hertz</td> <td>Current scaled cpu thread frequency of a machine (BM or VM)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_cpu_seconds_total.json</td> <td>Total Seconds</td> <td>Total number of seconds the CPU worked on a machine (BM or VM)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_disk_read_time_seconds_total.json</td> <td>Total Seconds</td> <td>Total number of seconds spent reading disk on a machine (BM or VM)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_disk_write_time_seconds_total.json</td> <td>Total Seconds</td> <td>Total number of seconds spent writing disk on a machine (BM or VM)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_hwmon_temp_celsius.json</td> <td>Celsius</td> <td>Temperature of the machine (BM) as reported by its monitoring hardware</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_load1.json</td> <td>Load Average</td> <td>Load on the machine (BM or VM) averaged over 1 minute</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_load5.json</td> <td>Load Average</td> <td>Load on the machine (BM or VM) averaged over 5 minutes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_load15.json</td> <td>Load Average</td> <td>Load on the machine (BM or VM) averaged over 15 minutes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_memory_Active_bytes.json</td> <td>Bytes</td> <td>Active number of bytes in memory on the machine (BM or VM)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_memory_Committed_AS_bytes.json</td> <td>Bytes</td> <td>Committed number of bytes in memory on the machine (BM or VM)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_rapl_core_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Total energy consumption of CPU cores by a machine, estimated by RAPL</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_rapl_dram_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Total energy consumption of DRAM by a machine, estimated by RAPL</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_rapl_package_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Total energy consumption of the machine package, estimated by RAPL</td> </tr> <tr> <td>node_rapl_psys_joules_total.json</td> <td>Total Joules</td> <td>Total energy consumption of the machine psys, estimated by RAPL</td> </tr> <tr> <td>power_consumption.json</td> <td>Watt</td> <td>Energy consumption as measured by the physical power plugs</td> </tr> <tr> <td>report_*.html</td> <td>-</td> <td>HTML report describing details of locust actions during the experiment</td> </tr> <tr> <td>requests_*.csv</td> <td>-</td> <td>Request summary per endpoint generated by locust</td> </tr> <tr> <td>scaph_host_power_microwatts.json</td> <td>Microwatt</td> <td>Power consumption of the whole machine as estimated by Scaphandre</td> </tr> <tr> <td>scaph_process_cpu_usage_percentage.json</td> <td>Percentage</td> <td>Per-process CPU usage as a percentage of total machine CPU</td> </tr> <tr> <td>scaph_process_memory_bytes.json</td> <td>Bytes</td> <td>Per-process memory usage</td> </tr> <tr> <td>scaph_process_power_consumption_microwatts.json</td> <td>Microwatt</td> <td>Per-process energy consumption as estimated by Scaphandre</td> </tr> <tr> <td>script.log</td> <td>-</td> <td>Log for the direct experiments for scaling up the pods</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h1>Scripts</h1> <div> <div>All scripts used to query this data from the prometheus endpoint and to generate the results in the associated paper are included in the scripts directory. To run a script, the script must be placed in the same directory as the data it is operated on (e.g. /scripts/constant/power_estimation.ipynb has to be in /constant).</div> </div>
Causes for biases in cloud diurnal variation in global climate model
<p>data of "Causes for biases in cloud diurnal variation in global climate model" draft</p>
Fig. 11 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 11.—Holotype of Batomys cagayanensis n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J3-7554), right dentary: (A) labial view of mandible (mirrored); (B) lingual view of mandible.
Fig. 8 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 8.—Holotype of Crateromys ballik n. sp. (PNM II-1977-I8-402), right dentary: (A) labial view of mandible (mirrored); (B) lingual view of mandible.
Fig. 3 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 3.—Holotype of Carpomys dakal n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J11A-16301), left dentary: (A) labial view of mandible; (B) lingual view of mandible (mirrored).
Fig. 2 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 2.—Maxillary and mandibular left molar toothrows of Carpomys dakal n. sp. (A and B, respectively; PNM II-1977-J11A-15997 and PNM II-1976-M-101) and Crateromys schadenbergi (C and D, respectively; FMNH 62295), showing the location of cusps and conids referred to in the text. pc = posterior cingulum.
Fig. 7 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 7.—Lateral lingual (A) and labial (B) view of the partial left maxillary of Carpomys dakal n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J11A-15997) with M1 to M3, showing the posterior palatine foramen (ppf) and base of the zygomatic arch (za).
Fig. 6 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 6.—Bivariate plots of Carpomys and Musseromys dental and mandibular measurements (in mm). Data are in Table 2.
Fig. 4 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 4.—Occlusal view of maxillary molars of (A) Carpomys dakal n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J11A-15997), left side; (B) Carpomys phaeurus (FMNH 62291), leftside; (C) Musseromysinopinatus (FMNH 193840), left side; (D) Crateromys ballik n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J3-10389), right side (mirrored); (E) Crateromys schadenbergi (FMNH 62291), right side (mirrored); (F) Crateromys heaneyi (CMC M626), left side; (G) Batomys granti (FMNH 214412), left side.
Fig. 9 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 9.—Bivariate plots of Crateromys and Batomys dental and mandibular measurements (in mm). Data are in Table 3.
Dataset for article "Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry"
<p>This dataset is the result of molecular composition of cloud water collected in southern China obtained by ESI FT-ICR MS. This dataset is for the article "Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry" published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics by Sun et al. (2021).</p>
Data for "Association of lightning occurrence with precipitation cloud column structure at a fixed position"
<p>Here are the data for the paper titled "Association of lightning occurrence with precipitation cloud column structure at a fixed position" and submitted to Atmospheric Research. The abstract is as follow.</p> <p> </p> <p>In this study, a C-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave (C-FMCW) radar, with its feature of vertical detection, was combined with lightning discharge recordings within a 3 km range to investigate the dependence of lightning occurrence on the structure of precipitation cloud columns (PCCs) from the perspective of a fixed position. The results show that, relative to PCCs without lightning, PCCs with lightning exhibit greater maximum reflectivity, maximum upward radial velocity, maximum velocity spectrum width, cloud top height, and vertically integrated liquid in terms of their average values, and wider-range distributions of these parameters. Using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm, a lightning diagnosis program that integrates multiple C-FMCW radar parameters was developed. Its hit rate of lightning occurrence is 93.5% and it has a threat score of 0.421. The maximum velocity spectrum width above the melting layer was found to be the most effective in distinguishing PCCs with or without lightning. It was suggested that the hydrometeor properties at a specific location, specifically the size diversity and content of ice-phase particles, should be the key elements determining the occurrence of lightning discharge in PCCs; meanwhile, the convection characteristics in the PCCs may be not the most critical.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.