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Figures 8 and 9. One adult P in New ecological information on the little-known Sumatran endemics Black-and-white langur Presbytis bicolor Aimi & Bakar, 1992 (Primates: Cercopithecidae)

Figures 8 and 9. One adult P. bicolor fed leaf of Mango Mangifera sp (Anacardiaceae), 15 March 2022, Pemayung Subdistrict, Batanghari District, Jambi Province (Photo: Muhammad Iqbal).

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Figure 12. One adult P in New ecological information on the little-known Sumatran endemics Black-and-white langur Presbytis bicolor Aimi & Bakar, 1992 (Primates: Cercopithecidae)

Figure 12. One adult P. bicolor is on the ground, 9 December 2021, Lubuk Ruso Village, Pemayung Subdistrict, Jambi Province (Photo: Muhammad Iqbal).

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Fig. 1. Repeat family selection for the P. decorus diagnostic assay. A in A novel quantitative real-time PCR diagnostic assay for fecal and nasal swab detection of an otariid lungworm, Parafilaroides decorus

Fig. 1. Repeat family selection for the P. decorus diagnostic assay. A. Number of sequencing reads for P. decorus compared to outgroup species reads for each repeat family (1–104) on a log scale. Arrows indicate repeat families with no reads from the outgroup species. Plot was made using Tableau Software, 2019. B. Within a cluster, reads with similar sequences are closer together. Edges connect a read with its closest match (creating a pair) and the length of this edge represents the amount of overlap between the reads. The mean edge width provides context for the lengths in the cluster, so in a cluster with a larger mean edge width the edges are actually longer than edges in a cluster with a smaller mean edge width. Reads therefore may be distant because of sequence divergence, or in the case of a long repeat (more than 150 base pairs), because of a lack of overlap between reads. However, because there will likely be continuous reads covering different regions of the repeat, these longer repeats should still appear as a tight, though possibly larger, cluster. Read dots that stray from the central cluster most likely represent sequence divergence. Higher density therefore indicates lower sequence divergence.

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Figures 11−12. 11. P. parva Hampson, 1904 in Review of the genus Paracossus Hampson, 1904 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae, Cossinae) with description of one new species from Thailand

Figures 11−12. 11. P. parva Hampson, 1904, female, S. India (MWM); 12. P. zyaung Yakovlev, 2014, male, holotype (ZISP).

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Figures 28–33. Male genitalia. 28–31. P. otus. 28 in Notes on Pachypasa otus and the description of a new Iranian Pachypasa species (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae, Lasiocampini)

Figures 28–33. Male genitalia. 28–31. P. otus. 28. Greece, Crete, genitalia slide 13.504 (MWM/ZSM). 29. SW Turkey, Alanya, genitalia slide otus-1 (CGM). 30. SE Turkey, Province Van, genitalia slide 8017 (MWM/ZSM). 31. Israel, N Golan Heights, genitalia slide 10.632 (MWM/ZSM). 32. Israel, Dead Sea, genitalia slide otus-3 (CGM). 33–34. P. hausmanni. 33. Holotype, Iran, Province Fars, genitalia slide hausm-1 (CGM). 34. Paratype, Iran, Province Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, genitalia slide hausm-2 (CGM). Scale bar – 1 mm.

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Figures 38–40. Principal differences between P in Notes on Pachypasa otus and the description of a new Iranian Pachypasa species (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae, Lasiocampini)

Figures 38–40. Principal differences between P. otus (light blue) and P. hausmanni (orange): 38. Distribution map (for details visit bit.ly/3O5PbcG). 39. Phylogenetic tree (NJ, Kimura-2, 1000 replicates). 40. Genetic distances (%).

Fig. 5 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 5. Decision tree used for specimens euthanized to obtain tissue. Blue indicates steps in the decision tree. Green indicates procedures that will lead to preservation of tissues for genetic study. Purple indicates procedures that lead to achieving multiple goals, including cell culture and obtaining gametes for current or future ARTs. NOTE: Breeding and IVF can result in offspring that can be used for genetic purposes, thereby achieving multiple goals.

Fig. 6 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 6. Decision tree used to obtain tissue from live animals. Blue indicates steps in the decision tree. Green indicates procedures that will lead to preservation of tissues for genetic study. Purple indicates procedures that lead to achieving multiple goals, including obtaining gametes for current or future ARTs. NOTE: Breeding and IVF can result in offspring that can be used for genetic purposes, thereby achieving multiple goals.

Fig. 4 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 4. Length of time from cell culture initiation to freezing for amphibian cell lines in San Diego Zoo's Frozen Zoo®. Low = 19 days; high = 596 days; average = 154 days.

Fig. 3 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 3. The "tissue piecing" protocol used to preserve viable cells for establishment of cell lines in the future. A) Tissue is cut into long, thin strips. B) Tissue is diced into 1 mm3 fragments before adding medium containing 10% DMSO as a cryoprotectant. C) Prepared tissue is stored in LN2 until future cell culture is possible; those without cell culture capability can transport samples using a dry shipper to maintain cold-chain.

Fig. 2 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 2. Procedures used to obtain amphibian eggs or sperm for use in ARTs. A) Gravid female Leopard Frog (Lithobates sp.) after gonadotropic hormone injection. B) Expressing eggs into container by pressing on abdomen and pushing thumb toward cloaca; eggs can be fertilized (i.e., IVF) by fresh or cryopreserved sperm. Sperm can similarly be released from males by pushing towards the cloaca and releasing sperm naturally (in season) or after injection of gonadotropic hormones (e.g., HIS).

Fig. 1 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 1. Role of genetic resource collections in the research and conservation of amphibians. Green indicates the storage of tissues in biobanks. Purple indicates procedures associated with ARTs that lead to achieving multiple goals in amphibian research and conservation. Asterisk (*) denotes tissue or methodologies that are not currently used in ARTs but may be possible in the future. NOTE: For a more complete list of ARTs reference Clulow et al. (2014).

Fig. 3 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 3. Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887), overall habitus. A, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (NNM-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, male (20.3 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; C, male (17.8 × 16.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; D, male (12.5 × 10.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; E, male (19.4 × 17.3 mm) (ZRC 1971.9.24.8), Singapore; F, male (21.3 × 18.7 mm) (ZRC 2003.84), Singapore.

Fig. 10 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 10. Pseudosesarma crassimanum (De Man, 1887), male anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. A, lectotype male (16.3 × 14.6 mm) (NHM 1886.52b), Myanmar; B, paralectotype male (18.8 × 16.7 mm) (NHM 1886.52c), Myanmar; C, male (15.9 × 14.3 mm) (ZRC 2008.442), Ranong; D, male (18.9 × 16.7 mm) (ZRC 1998.851), Sarawak; E, male (17.5 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1967.7.21.4), Singapore; F, male (15.9 × 14.5 mm) (NNM-D23313), Singapore; G, male (15.1 x 13.3 mm) (ZRC 2000.1768), Peninsular Malaysia; H, male (17.2 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1999.503), Kalimantan.

Fig. 1. A–C in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 1. A–C, Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887); D, E, Pseudosesarma crassimanum (De Man, 1887). A, overall habitus; B, D, chela; C, E, male pleonal somites 3–6 and telson. D, horizontally transposed (after De Man, 1888: pl. 13 figs. 1–3, 5, 6)

Fig. 7 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 7. Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887), gonopods. A–C, male (20.5 × 19.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; D, E, male (21.3 × 18.7 mm) (ZRC 2003.84), Singapore; F, G, male (17.8 × 16.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; H, I, male (12.5 × 10.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi. A, B, D–I, left G1; C, left G2. Scales: A–E = 1.0 mm; F–I = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 5 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 5. Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887), male anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. A, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (NNM-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, male (21.3 × 18.7 mm) (ZRC 2003.84), Singapore; C, male (19.4 × 17.3 mm) (ZRC 1971.9.24.8), Singapore; D, male (20.3 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; E, male (17.8 × 16.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; F, male (12.5 × 10.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi.

Fig. 11 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 11. Pseudosesarma crassimanum (De Man, 1887). A–G, lectotype male (16.3 × 14.6 mm) (NHM 1886.52b), Myanmar; H–M, male (15.9 × 14.3 mm) (ZRC 2008.442), Ranong; N–R, male (15.9 × 14.5 mm) (NNM-D23313), Singapore. A, N, pleon; B–F, right G1; G, right G2; H–L, O–R, left G1; M, left G2. Scales: A = 2.0 mm; B, G, H, I, M, O, P = 1.0 mm; N = 5.0 mm; C–F, J–L, Q, R = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 2. A in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 2. A, Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887), lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (NNM-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, Pseudosesarma edwardsii, male (21.3 × 18.7 mm) (ZRC 2003.84), Singapore; C, D, Pseudosesarma crassimanum (De Man, 1887), lectotype male (16.3 × 14.6 mm) (NHM 1886.52b), Myanmar. A, C, dorsal view of carapace; B, D, frontal view of cephalothorax.

Fig. 4 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 4. Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887), chela. A, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (NNM-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, male (21.3 × 18.7 mm) (ZRC 2003.84), Singapore; C, male (19.4 × 17.3 mm) (ZRC 1971.9.24.8), Singapore; D, male (20.3 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; E, male (17.8 × 16.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; F, male (12.5 × 10.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi.