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10,561 results for “mechanics”
FIGURE 2 in Resistance Mechanisms To Abamectin In Iranian Populations Of The Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
FIGURE 2: Mean ± SE of heme content in the resistant ISR and susceptible GUS2 T. urticae populations.
FIGURE 2 in Does Artificial Selection For Fixed Prey Preference Affect Learning In A Predatory Mite? Experiments To Unravel Mechanisms Underlying Polyphagy In Hypoaspis Aculeifer
FIGURE 2: Preference of T-line predators, expressed as percentages (horizontal bars) of individuals choosing prey T (0 to 100%) or prey R (0 to -100%) for four replicates and three starvation treatments: (a) – in presence of odour from prey R, (b) – in presence of odour from prey T or (c) – in absence of prey odour. Numbers shown left and right of the horizontal bars represent number of predators choosing prey R (left) or prey T (right) for each replicate experiment.
FIGURE 1 in Does Artificial Selection For Fixed Prey Preference Affect Learning In A Predatory Mite? Experiments To Unravel Mechanisms Underlying Polyphagy In Hypoaspis Aculeifer
FIGURE 1: Preference of R-line predators, expressed as percentages (horizontal bars) of individuals choosing prey T (0 to 100%) or prey R (0 to -100%) for four replicates and three starvation treatments: (a) – in presence of odour from prey R or (b) – prey T or (c) – in absence of prey odour. Numbers shown left and right of the horizontal bars represent number of predators choosing prey R (left) or prey T (right) for each replicate experiment.
H-alpha Emission as a Diagnostic of Plasma Transport Mechanics in Centrifugal Magnetospheres
<p>Approximately one quarter of magnetic early (B5-B0) B-type type stars display Balmer line emission originating in centrifugal magnetospheres (CMs). Indeed, the CMs of these stars are uniquely detectable in all available magnetospheric diagnostics (radio synchrotron, NIR, Balmer emission, UV emission, and X-rays), and therefore represent an excellent opportunity for detailed study of magnetospheric plasmas. All CM host-stars are young, possess strong magnetic fields, and are rapid rotators, properties consistent with expectations from the Rigidly Rotating Magnetosphere model and evolutionary models incorporating magnetic braking. The nature of mass transport within CMs has been debated, with two competing scenarios: centrifugally driven magnetic reconnection due to overloading of the magnetic field by the stellar wind, and leakage arising from diffusion and drift of ions across magnetic field lines. We have conducted the first detailed study of the Halpha emission properties of the population of CM host stars. The results demonstrate that mass balancing must be accomplished by breakout. We find that emission strength is independent of mass-loss rate and can, to first order, be predicted simply by the strength of the equatorial magnetic field at the Kepler corotation radius. However, an apparent cutoff in the presence of emission lines at low luminosities may be indicative of diffusion/drift mechanisms becoming dominant in the weak-wind regime. We briefly point to potential implications of these results for X-ray and radio synchrotron emission.</p>
Spliced isoforms of the cardiac Nav1.5 channel modify channel activation by distinct structural mechanisms: Molecular dynamics coordinate and trajectory files
<p>Molecular dynamics files associated with the publication: Spliced isoforms of the cardiac Nav1.5 channel modify channel activation by distinct structural mechanisms</p>
Data from: Mechanisms of dispersal and colonisation in a wind-borne cereal pest, the haplodiploid wheat curl mite
<p><strong>Filename: </strong>1_Allele_freq</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. marker_id - Name of the microsatellite marker analysed<br> 2. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 3. allele frequency - The frequency of alleles occurrence in the tested populations</p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>2_Pattern_of_plants_infestation</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 2. rep.id - Repetition ID<br> 3. mites.no - Number of mites found on one plant<br> 4. plant.no - Number of plant examinated<br> </p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>3_Dispersal_colonisation_data</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 2. rep.no - Number of repetition within regime<br> 3. rep.id - Repetition ID<br> 4. mite.id - Individual mite ID<br> 5. plant.no - Number of plant examinated<br> 6. dds - Developmental stage of dispersing individual<br> 7. egg.no - Number of eggs laid<br> 8. F1_f.sex - Number of individuals developing into females<br> 9. F1_m.sex - Number of individuals developing into males</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>4_Sex_ratio</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 2. source - The source of the tested population (predisperal or postdispersal)<br> 3. rep.id - Repetition ID<br> 4. females.no - Number of females found in a population<br> 5. males.no - Number of males found in a population</p>
Vascular KATP channel structural dynamics reveal regulatory mechanism by Mg-nucleotides
<p>MD simulation data for vascular KATP channel focusing on Kir6.1-pore and SUR2B in the presence and absence of MgADP. </p>
Mechanical behaviour of inorganic solid-state batteries: Can we model the ionic mobility in the electrolyte with Nernst-Einstein's relation?
<p>(Top left) Governing forces given by Nernst-Einstein’s relationship, where the forward electric force is in a dynamic equilibrium with the backward viscous force. (Bottom left) The dynamic viscosity is a measure of the fluid resistance to flow. (Right) For brittle inorganic solid electrolytes characterised by cracks formation and electrolyte fracture, the stress-strain relationship before the electrolyte fracture can be approximated as linear.</p>
The inner mechanics of rhodopsin guanylyl cyclase during cGMP-formation revealed by real-time FTIR spectroscopy
<p>Enzymerhodopsins represent a recently discovered class of rhodopsins which includes histidine kinase rhodopsin, rhodopsin phosphodiesterases and rhodopsin guanylyl cyclases (RGCs). The regulatory influence of the rhodopsin domain on the enzyme activity is only partially understood and holds the key for a deeper understanding of intra-molecular signaling pathways. Here we present a UV-Vis and FTIR study about the light-induced dynamics of a RGC from the fungus <em>Catenaria anguillulae</em>, which provides insights into the catalytic process. After the spectroscopic characterization of the late rhodopsin photoproducts, we analyzed truncated variants and revealed the involvement of the cytosolic N-terminus in the structural rearrangements upon photo-activation of the protein. We tracked the catalytic reaction of RGC and the free GC domain independently by UV-light induced release of GTP from the photolabile NPE-GTP substrate. Our results show substrate binding to the dark-adapted RGC and GC alike and reveal differences between the constructs attributable to the regulatory influence of the rhodopsin on the conformation of the binding pocket. By monitoring the phosphate rearrangement during cGMP and pyrophosphate formation in light-activated RGC, we were able to confirm the M state as the active state of the protein. The described setup and experimental design enable real-time monitoring of substrate turnover in light-activated enzymes on a molecular scale, thus opening the pathway to a deeper understanding of enzyme activity and protein-protein interactions.</p>
New aesthetic in-house 3D-printed brackets: proof of concept and fundamental mechanical properties
<p>Dataset for all analyses</p>
Supplementary Movies for the article "The fragmentation mechanism of gold nanoparticles in water under femtosecond laser irradiation"
<p>Supplementary movies for the publication "The fragmentation mechanism of gold nanoparticles in water under femtosecond laser irradiation", <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NA00406A">https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NA00406A</a>.</p> <p>The movies show gold nanoparticles in water under pulsed laser irradiation and are recorded with <em>in situ </em>liquid cell electron microscopy. The full description of every movie can be found in the "Supplementary Information" file at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NA00406A">https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NA00406A</a>.</p>
Metagenomics of Parkinson's disease implicates the gut microbiome in multiple disease mechanisms
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Parkinson's disease (PD) may start in the gut and spread to the brain. To investigate the role of gut microbiome, we conducted a large-scale study, at high taxonomic resolution, using uniform standardized methods from start to end. We enrolled 490 PD and 234 control individuals, conducted deep shotgun sequencing of fecal DNA, followed by metagenome-wide association studies requiring significance by two methods (ANCOM-BC and MaAsLin2) to declare disease association at species and genus level, followed by network analysis to identify polymicrobial clusters, and functional profiling based on microbial genes and pathways. Here we show that over 30% of species, genes and pathways tested have altered abundances in PD, depicting a widespread dysbiosis. PD-associated species form polymicrobial clusters that grow or shrink together, and some compete. PD microbiome is disease permissive, evidenced by overabundance of pathogens and immunogenic components, dysregulated neuroactive signaling, preponderance of molecules that induce alpha-synuclein pathology, and over-production of toxicants; with the reduction in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factors limiting the capacity to recover. We validate, in human PD, findings that were observed in experimental models; reconcile and resolve human PD microbiome literature, and provide a broad foundation with a wealth of concrete testable hypotheses to discern the role of the gut microbiome in PD. </p> <p><strong>Zenodo contents:</strong> In this Zenodo archive we provide (1) post sequence QC and post taxonomic and functional profiling "Source Data" used to generate tables and figures in the manuscript and (2) "Supplementary Code" that contains the workflow and code used to perform bioinformatic processing of shotgun sequences and statistical analyses of microbial profiles and subject metadata. The code provided here is the same "Supplementary Code" that is provided in the supplement of the manuscript. Individual level raw shotgun sequences and metadata are available on NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under BioProject ID <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/834801">PRJNA834801</a>.</p>
Data set for bionic simulation of double clap-and-fling wing mechanism with SPH FSI method
<p>Data set containing the rigid-body based flapping wing models coupled with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), by means of <a href="https://github.com/DualSPHysics/DualSPHysics/wiki/9.-New-in-DualSPHysics#new-in-dualsphysics-v50">DualSPHysics version 5.0 </a>and <a href="https://projectchrono.org/download/">Project Chrono</a>.</p><p>These models are part of the paper:</p><blockquote><p>Yanwei Zhang, Zhonglai Wang, Saullo G. P. Castro. Bionic simulation of double clap-and-fling wing mechanism with SPH FSI method. EngXriv Preprint, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.31224/2652">DOI: 10.31224/2652</a></p></blockquote><p>File "simulations.zip" contains the simulation files.</p><p>File "DualSPHysics_v5.0.zip" contains the compiled DualSPHysics software.</p><p>Procedure to run the simulations on a Windows machine:</p><ul><li>Working directory: .\simulations\flappingwing\case01</li><li>Step 1: Obtain rigid bodies by modeling of SOLIDWORKS and Macro command of FreeCAD (e.g. external_wing111.stl)</li><li>Step 2: Run ".bat" file (e.g. flapping01.bat) to start simulation and force acquisition</li><li>Step 3: Revise ".bat" and ".xml" (e.g. flapping01.bat and flapping01_Def.xml)to adapt to the next case. If required, change the model and Macro command of step 1. Common modification items:</li></ul><p><geometry>-<definition> <floatings>- <floating><angularvel> <floatings>- <floating><property> <properties>-<propertyfile> <initials> <execution>-<special>-<chrono> <execution>-<special>-<inout> <parameters> </p><ul><li>Step 4: Run "Filter.m" to handle force data by filters. Step 5: Compare forces of all cases. PS: Other files are revised function files derived from DualSPHysics 5.0.</li></ul><p> </p><p>Abstract: Three-dimensional numerical simulations of flexible flapping wings based<br>on the fluid-structure interaction in biological and bioinspired flow have become a<br>vibrant and challenging research topic. The present paper focuses on a parametric<br>study of the aerodynamic performance of a bionic flexible clapping wing. The proposed<br>model deforms the wing in spanwise and chordwise directions based on the six rigid<br>bodies connected along the wing veins using ball links and springs. Unsteady effects of<br>flapping wing micro air vehicles with a double clap-fling configuration are investigated<br>using an air-solid interaction model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics and<br>rigid multi-body dynamics. A validation experiment determined the convergence<br>conditions and computational model accuracy. The proposed numerical model is<br>evaluated in terms of flexible variation law and aerodynamic performance. The results<br>indicate that the flapping frequency, angle of attack, and wind velocity significantly<br>influence the lift. Furthermore, increasing the frequency will monotonically expand<br>the maximum and time-averaged lift curve values. When the angle of attack is less<br>than 30 ◦, the influence on the time-averaged and maximum lift is proportional to the<br>angle of attack. When the angle of attack is larger than 45 ◦, a stall-like condition<br>is detected. To broaden the applicability of the present findings, a dimensionless<br>parameter, reduced frequency, is defined, and its influence on the maximum and time-<br>averaged lift is investigated. This parametric study shows that as the reduced frequency<br>increases, the maximum and time-averaged lift increases and then decreases. The<br>present study could reach a modeling framework that better explains the clapping<br>wing aerodynamics.<br> </p>
Cephalopod retinal development shows vertebrate-like mechanisms of neurogenesis: Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees
<p>Coleoid cephalopods, including squid, cuttlefish and octopus, have large and complex nervous systems and camera-type eyes that are comparable only to features that have independently evolved in the vertebrate lineage. The changes in development that result in the evolution of nervous system size and diversity of neural cell-types are not well understood. Here, we have pioneered live-imaging techniques and performed functional interrogation to show the squid, <em>Doryteuthis</em> <em>pealeii</em>, utilizes mechanisms during retinal neurogenesis that are hallmarks of vertebrate processes. Given the convergent evolution of elaborate visual systems in cephalopods and vertebrates, these results reveal common mechanisms that underlie the growth of highly proliferative neurogenic primordia that may alter ontogenetic allometry and contribute to the evolution of complex nervous systems.</p>
Mechanisms Governing Target Search and Binding Dynamics of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors
<p>Raw fast SPT data for Hypoxia-Inducible Factors:</p> <p><strong>HIF2a_HIF1b_KIN_Clones.zip </strong>corresponds to Figure 2A-C and Figure 2-Figure supplement 2A-B, contains fast SPT data for Halo-HIF-2α KIN clone A31 and clone B50, Halo-HIF-1β KIN clone A21 and clone B89.</p> <p><strong>HIF1b_with_HIF2a_overexpression.zip </strong>corresponds to Figure 2D-E and Figure 2-Figure supplement 2C, contains fast SPT data for: Halo-HIF-1β KIN clone A21, Halo-HIF-1β KIN clone A21 with HIF-2α stably over-expressed, and Halo-HIF-1β KIN clone A21 with a dimerization mutant form of HIF-2α (R171A/V192D) stably over-expressed.</p> <p><strong>Belzutifan_dosage.zip </strong>corresponds to Figure 3-Figure supplement 1, contains fast SPT data for: Halo-HIF-2α KIN clone A31, treated with 0.0002 uM, 0.002 uM, 0.005 uM, 0.01 uM, 0.02 uM, and 0.2 uM of Belzutifan.</p> <p><strong>HIF1b_with_HIFa_chimera_overexpression_and_Belzutifan.zip </strong>corresponds to Figure 3 and Figure 3-Figure supplement 2, contains fast SPT data for: Parental Halo-HIF-1β KIN clone A21 cells and cells stably over-expressing either a certain form of HIF-α (WT or domain swap), treated with either Belzutifan or DMSO. </p> <p><strong>HIFa_domain_swap.zip </strong>corresponds to Figure 4 and Figure 4-Figure supplement 2, contains fast SPT data for: Halo-HIF-2α KIN clone A31, WT 786-O cells stably express V5-Halo-HIF-2α with an L30 promoter, WT 786-O cells stably express V5-Halo-HIF-2α/1α with an L30 promoter, WT 786-O cells stably express V5-Halo-HIF-1α with an L30 promoter, and WT 786-O cells stably express V5-Halo-HIF-1α/2α with an L30 promoter. </p> <p><strong>DBD_mutant.zip </strong>corresponds to Figure 5A-C, contains fast SPT data for: WT 786-O cells stably express V5-Halo-HIF-2α with an L30 promoter, WT 786-O cells stably express a DBD mutant form of V5-Halo-HIF-2α (R27E) with an L30 promoter, WT 786-O cells stably express V5-Halo-HIF-1α with an L30 promoter, and WT 786-O cells stably express a DBD mutant form of V5-Halo-HIF-1α (R30E) with an L30 promoter.</p> <p><strong>Dimerization_mutant.zip </strong>corresponds to Figure 5D-F, contains fast SPT data for: WT 786-O cells stably express V5-Halo-HIF-2α with an L30 promoter, WT 786-O cells stably express a dimerization mutant form of V5-Halo-HIF-2α (R171A/V192D) with an L30 promoter, WT 786-O cells stably express V5-Halo-HIF-1α with an L30 promoter, and WT 786-O cells stably express a dimerization mutant form of V5-Halo-HIF-1α (R170A/V191D) with an L30 promoter.<br> </p>
Data Set for Operando Identification of a Side-On Nickel Superoxide Intermediate and the Mechanism of Oxygen Evolution on Nickel Oxyhydroxide
<p>Dataset of the paper entitled "Operando Identification of a Side-On Nickel Superoxide Intermediate and the Mechanism of Oxygen Evolution on Nickel Oxyhydroxide"</p>
Supplementary Dataset for "A new mechanical perspective on a shallow megathrust near-trench slip from the high- resolution fault model of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake"
<p>This dataset contains the results obtained by the analysis in this study, such as the digital data of the slip distribution and stress drop estimated by Kubota et al.(2022)</p>
Mechanical Tests of a Polyimide Neural Probe
<p>Buckling force and three-point bend data as presented in Neural Microprobe Modelling and Microfabrication for Improved Implantation and Mechanical Failure Mitigation (https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0007).</p>
Relating hydro-mechanical and elastodynamic properties of dynamically-stressed tensile-fractured rock in relation to fracture aperture and contact area
<p>We exploit nonlinear elastodynamic properties of fractured rock to probe the micro-scale mechanics of fractures and understand the relation between fluid transport and fracture aperture and area, stiffness proxy, under dynamic stressing. Experiments are conducted on rough, tensile-fractured Westerly granite specimen subject to triaxial stresses. Fracture permeability is measured from steady-state fluid flow with deionized water. Pore pressure oscillations are applied at amplitudes ranging from 0.2 to 1~MPa at 1~Hz frequency. During dynamic stressing we transmit acoustic signals through the fracture using an array of piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) to monitor the evolution of fracture interface properties. We examine the influence of fracture aperture and contact area by conducting measurements at effective normal stresses of 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20~MPa. Additionally, the evolution of contact area with stress is characterized using pressure sensitive film. These experiments are conducted separately with the same fracture and they map contact area at stresses from 9 to 21~MPa. The resulting `true' area of contact measurements made for the entire fracture surface and within the calculated PZT sensor footprints, numerical modeling of Fresnel zone. We compare the elastodynamic response of the the fracture using the stress-induced changes ultrasonic wave velocities for a range of transmitter-receiver pairs to image spatial variations in contact properties, which is informed by fracture contact area measurements. These measurements of the nonlinear elasticity are related to the fluid-flow, permeability, in response to dynamic stressing and similar comparisons are made for the slow-dynamics, recovery, of the fracture interface following the stress perturbations.</p>
Global biogeography of ant social parasites: Exploring patterns and mechanisms of an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: One of the most consistent global biogeographic patterns is the latitudinal diversity gradient where species richness peaks within the equatorial tropics and decreases towards the poles. Here, we explore the global biogeography of socially parasitic ants, which comprises the most diverse group of social parasites in the Hymenoptera. We test the biogeographic hypothesis that ant social parasites are distributed along an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient by peaking in diversity outside of the equatorial tropics.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Global</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We assembled a comprehensive biogeographic dataset for all 371 taxonomically described socially parasitic ant species. We used phylogenetic and taxonomic studies to compare species richness with the number of species representing independent evolutionary origins of social parasitism across a latitudinal gradient. In addition, we compared ant social parasite diversity across biogeographic regions using rarefaction to account for different sampling efforts. Finally, we tested for a correlation between latitude and the proportion of ant social parasite species within regional ant faunae.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The geographic distribution records and the inferred 91 origins of socially parasitic life histories show that both species richness and the number of species representing independent evolutionary origins of social parasitism peak in the northern hemisphere outside of the equatorial tropics. Based on rarefaction curves, northern latitude regions harbour the most ant social parasite species, but the diversity of independent evolutionary origins is not significantly different between northern and southern hemispheres. The proportion of ant social parasite species within regional faunae is correlated with latitude only in the northern hemisphere.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: The inverse latitudinal diversity gradient of ant social parasites contrasts with the biogeographic pattern observed in free-living, non-parasitic ant species and appears to be driven by large species radiations as well as by the presence of specialized life histories exclusive to the northern hemisphere.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.