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Figure 4 in Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Figure 4. Calling song of Pacarina schumanni. (A) Oscillogram and sonogram of one sequence; (B) train of group of sixteen pulses in the middle of the sequence; (C) detail of a group of six pulses; (D) elementary oscillations of one pulse.

Figure 13 in Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Figure 13. Nycthemeral rhythm of the nine species during periods of investigation. White, no activity; striped, low activity; grey, high activity. Quesada gigas and Fidicinoides pronoe also call occasionally during the night. All the species have high activity at dawn and dusk except Daza montezuma and Dorisiana sutori. Approximate times of sun rise (SR), day (DA), silent period (SIL), sunset (SS), and night (NI) are indicated.

Figure 3 in Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Figure 3. One sequence of the calling song of Neocicada sp. (A) Oscillogram and sonogram of an entire call; (B) three successive echemes of part A; (C) portion of part B; (D) seven successive pulses of part B.

Figure 8 in Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Figure 8. Calling song of Fidicinoides pronoe. (A) Oscillogram and sonogram of the end of a call; (B) detail of one echeme of part A; (C) portion of part B; (D) elementary oscillations of part B.

Figure 10 in Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Figure 10. Spectra of the nine species recorded (window size: 512 pts, frequency resolution: 86 Hz).

opennotspecifiedApr 2019View details →

Figure 6 in Phylogeny and biogeography of the leaf-winged cicadas (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae)

Figure 6. Characters of forewings in dorsal view. A, Lembeja papuensis; B, Gymnotympana varicolor; C, Chlorocysta vitripennis; D, Cystosoma schmeltzi; E, Cystopsaltria immaculata; F, Cystosoma saundersii; G, Hovana distanti; H, Thaumastopsaltria lanceola; I, Prasia culta; J, Iruana rougeoti. Scale: 2 mm.

Figure 7 in Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Figure 7. Calling song of Fidicinoides picea. (A) Oscillogram and sonogram of an entire call; (B) detail of one echeme of part A, (C) height groups of three pulses of part A; (D) elementary oscillations of six pulses of part B.

Figure 9 in Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Figure 9. Calling song of Species A. (A) Oscillogram and sonogram of a portion of a call; (B) detail of 27 groups of two pulses; (C) detail of one group of two pulses; (D) elementary oscillations of one pulse.

Figure 5 in Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Figure 5. Calling song of Miranha imbellis. (A) Oscillogram and sonogram of an entire call; (B) four successive echemes of part A; (C) portion of part B; (D) elementary oscillations of part B.

Figure 2 in Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Figure 2. Calling song of Quesada gigas. (A) Oscillogram and sonogram of the end of one call; (B) three successive echemes of part A; (C) portion of end of part B; (D) elementary oscillations of part B.

opennotspecifiedJun 2007View details →

Fig. 3 in A New Species of Cicada of the Genus Okanagana (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) from Arizona

Fig. 3. Fore femur of Okanagana georgi, sp. n. The anterior spine is enlarged below to illustrate the diagnostic knob on the anterior side.

Fig. 3 in Dispersion Pattern of Giant Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in a Brazilian Coffee Plantation

Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the experimental area with capture, release, and recapture points of Quesada gigas adults marked with colored synthetic nail enamels.The numbers inside the recapture points represent the sequential order of recapture.

Fig. 1 in Dispersion Pattern of Giant Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in a Brazilian Coffee Plantation

Fig. 1. Location of the coffee plantation (Coffea arabica) used for the experiments of Quesada gigas dispersion and mating and oviposition behaviors. State of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil.

Fig. 5 in Dispersion Pattern of Giant Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in a Brazilian Coffee Plantation

Fig. 5. Time course recapture of Quesada gigas marked in green and released on 17 October 2017 until the end of recaptures on 13 November 2017. Recapture rates represent the percentage of recaptured of males and females in defined points throughout the area of study.

Fig. 2 in Dispersion Pattern of Giant Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in a Brazilian Coffee Plantation

Fig. 2. (A) Frontal view of the sound trap employed to capture Quesada gigas in the experimental area. Sound transmitter; Blanched fabric (2.0 × 1.5 m) positioned for insect landing. (B) Back view of the sound trap. Sound transmitter; Blanched fabric (2.0 × 1.5 m) positioned for insect landing; Battery, 12 volts; CD player and sound amplifier.

FIGURE 3 in The effect of the Messinian salinity crisis on the early diversification of the Tettigettalna cicadas

FIGURE 3 Bayesian phylogenetic trees for the concatenated mitochondrial loci (a) and nuclear EF-1α (b). Posterior probabilities>0.90 are shown next to branch nodes. Scale bar represents the number of estimated changes per branch length. Hilaphura varipes (Hva608), Cicada barbara (Cba203), and Cicada orni (Cor298) were set as outgroup. Root length was truncated for imaging purposes.

FIGURE 6 in The effect of the Messinian salinity crisis on the early diversification of the Tettigettalna cicadas

FIGURE 6 DensiTree output of the Bayesian inference species tree of Tettigettalna with the partitioned unlinked mtCOI and nuEF-1α dataset. The consensus trees are shown by the bold blue line. Uncertainty of node heights and topology is shown by the transparent green, purple and red lines. Core Tettigettalna refers to the clade composed of the remainder of the Tettigettalna (see methods for explanation). Scale bar indicates ma. The broken lines (A-C) refer to key moments in time illustrated in the left panes. (A) Mid-Tortonian (~10–8 ma) when the ancestral population of the Tettigettalna occurred in the southern Iberian Peninsula; the broken line marks the separation of the T. josei lineage from the main ancestral population. (B) Late Messinian, during the salinity crisis, when the main population disperses to North Africa, via the formed land bridge; the broken line indicates the rupture caused by the opening of the Gibraltar Strait by end of the Messinian (5.33 ma). (C) Early Pliocene (~4 ma), showing the three lineages: T. josei in southwestern Iberia; T. afroamissa in Morocco and the remainder of the European Tettigettalna lineage, which would later diverge into all other species. In the lower left corner, a female of the Moroccan species T. afroamissa is shown

FIGURE 2 in The effect of the Messinian salinity crisis on the early diversification of the Tettigettalna cicadas

FIGURE 2 Sampling of Tettigettalna spp. circles indicate same-species collection points. Due to the volume of sampling from the southern Iberian Peninsula, the smaller box below shows additional sampling points for other species annotated for that area. Legend: 1—T. estrellae; 2—T. josei; 3—T. mariae; 4—T. armandi; 5—T. aneabi; 6— T. defauti; 7—T. helianthemi helianthemi; 8—T. h. Galantei; 9—T. boulardi; 10— T. afroamissa; 11A—T. argentata south clade; 11B—T. argentata north clade; 11C—T. argentata central clade; 11D— T. argentata Catalonia clade

FIGURE 5 in The effect of the Messinian salinity crisis on the early diversification of the Tettigettalna cicadas

FIGURE 5 Age estimate boxplots of the possible nodes by the multispecies coalescent species-tree with *BEAST. The first boxplot plots the age estimates of the basal node of Tettigettalna, with the remainder plotting a different topology (TAF, T. afroamissa, TJO, T. josei, TCO, "core" Tettigettalna).

FIGURE 1 in The effect of the Messinian salinity crisis on the early diversification of the Tettigettalna cicadas

FIGURE 1 Major geological events of the Western Mediterranean, Pleistocenic glacial refugia, and Tettigettalna spp. distributions. Panels (a–d) show a schematic of the evolution of the West Mediterranean region from the Tortonian to the late Pleistocene. (a) Mid Tortonian, depicting the three Eurafrican corridors that later closed, between 7.8 and 6.0 ma. (b) Late Messinian, during the salinity crisis an extensive land bridge formed between Iberia and North Africa. Arrow points to the Guadalquivir basin, a large saltwater basin. (c) Early Pliocene, land bridge is now disrupted, and the Guadalquivir basin has almost retreated. (d) Late Pleistocene, during the period when sea level was the lowest, according to Rohling et al. (2014), approx. 150 m lower. No land bridges are present during this period. Putative Pleistocenic glacial refugia of the Western Mediterranean inferred for flora (Médail & Diadema, 2009) are represented in green, and terrestrial fauna and flora (Gómez & Lunt, 2007) shown with broken lines. (e) Present day Tettigettalna spp. distributions are shown in orange, according to Puissant and Sueur (2010), Simões et al. (2014), Nunes, Mendes, Quartau, et al. (2014) and Costa et al. (2017). Legend: 1—T. estrellae; 2—T. josei; 3—T. mariae; 4—T. armandi; 5—T. aneabi; 6—T. defauti; 7—T. helianthemi helianthemi; 8—T. h. Galantei; 9— T. boulardi; 10—T. afroamissa. Species' distributions shown in brown overlap with those of other species. The distribution of T. argentata is not shown as it is widespread across several European countries and the Iberian Peninsula with exception of the Baetic ranges in southeastern Iberia. Scale bar = 100 km