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203 results for “Bird Island”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Adaptive landscape genetics and malaria across divergent island bird populations

Environmental conditions play a major role in shaping the spatial distributions of pathogens, which in turn can drive local adaptation and divergence in host genetic diversity. Haemosporidians, such as plasmodium (malaria) are a strong selective force, impacting survival and fitness of hosts, with geographic distributions largely determined by habitat suitability for their insect vectors. Here, we have tested whether patterns of fine-scale local adaptation to malaria are replicated across discrete, ecologically differing island populations of Berthelot's pipits Anthus berthelotii. We sequenced TLR4, an innate immunity gene that is potentially under positive selection in Berthelot's pipits, and two SNPs previously identified as being associated with malaria infection in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Berthelot's pipits in the Canary Islands. We determined the environmental predictors of malaria infection, using these to estimate variation in malaria risk on Porto Santo, and found some congruence with previously identified environmental risk factors on Tenerife. We also found a negative association between malaria infection and a TLR4 variant in Tenerife. In contrast, one of the GWAS SNPs showed an association with malaria risk in Porto Santo, but in the opposite direction to that found in the Canary Islands GWAS. Together, these findings suggest that disease-driven local adaptation may be an important factor in shaping variation among island populations.

opencc-zeroOct 2019View details →

dryad36/100

Within-island diversification in a passerine bird

The presence of congeneric taxa on the same island suggests the possibility of in situ divergence, but can also result from multiple colonizations of previously diverged lineages. Here, using genome-wide data from a large population sample, we test the hypothesis that intra-island divergence explains the occurrence of four geographic forms meeting at hybrid zones in the Reunion grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus), a species complex endemic to the small volcanic island of Reunion. Using population genomic and phylogenetic analyses, we reconstructed the population history of the different forms. We confirmed the monophyly of the complex and found that one of the lowland forms is paraphyletic and basal relative to others, a pattern highly consistent with in situ divergence. Our results suggest initial colonization of the island through the lowlands, followed by expansion into the highlands, which led to the evolution of a distinct geographical form, genetically and ecologically different from the lowland ones. Lowland forms seem to have experienced periods of geographical isolation, but they diverged from one another by sexual selection rather than niche change. Overall, low dispersal capabilities in this island bird combined with both geographical and ecological opportunities seem to explain how divergence occurred at such a small spatial scale.

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

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Data from: Genomic variation, population history and within-archipelago adaptation between island bird populations

Oceanic island archipelagos provide excellent models to understand evolutionary processes. Colonisation events and gene flow can interact with selection to shape genetic variation at different spatial scales. Landscape-scale variation in biotic and abiotic factors may drive fine-scale selection within islands, while long-term evolutionary processes may drive divergence between distantly related populations. Here, we examine patterns of population history and selection between recently diverged populations of the Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii), a passerine endemic to three North Atlantic archipelagos. First we use demographic trees and f3 statistics to show that genome-wide divergence across the species range is largely shaped by colonisation and bottlenecks, with evidence of very weak gene flow between populations. Then, using a genome scan approach, we identify signatures of divergent selection within-archipelagos at SNPs in genes potentially associated with craniofacial development and DNA repair. We did not detect within-archipelago selection at the same SNPs as were detected previously at broader spatial scales between archipelagos, but did identify signatures of selection at loci associated with similar biological functions. These findings suggest that similar ecological factors may repeatedly drive selection between recently separated populations, as well as at broad spatial scales across varied landscapes.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

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Data from: Deciduous forests hold conservation value for birds within South Andaman Island, India

We assessed the importance of deciduous and evergreen habitats for forest birds (including several endemic and threatened species) within South Andaman Island, India. To this end, we compared the composition and diversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) of forest birds across the two habitat types, and evaluted species-specific responses to habitat variables within the island. The dataset collected and R codes used in this study are published here. Bird species traits were sourced from Tobias et al. (2022) and Wilman et al. (2014). Phylogenetic trees were sourced from <a href="https://birdtree.org/">birdtree.org</a> (Jetz et al. 2012). Taxonomic Coverage: Birds, 54 species Geographic Coverage: South Andaman Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Temporal Coverage: March-May 2022 and December 2022-April 2023   Brief summary of field methods:  We conducted line-transect surveys for forest birds across evergreen and deciduous forests in South Andaman Island, India.  Twenty-seven transects were sampled either in the morning (between 0515 – 0930 hrs) or in the afternoon (between 1515 – 1730 hrs) from March-May 2022 and December 2022-April 2023. For every bird detected, we noted species identity, group size (if visible), time of detection, and whether the bird(s) was seen or heard. Detections of flying birds and nocturnal species (owls and nightjars) were excluded. For each transect, we measured -  a. tree density and basal area (using the point-centered quarter method, or PCQ);  b. canopy cover, proportion of deciduous trees, and presence of cane, bamboo runners and clumps of standing bamboo (averaged across PCQ points); c. number of large trees and cut logs (counted within a 20m-wide belt along each transect); and  d. distance from nearest settlement/village (using Google Earth Pro). The dataset published here contains eight data files and two R code files, along with a ReadMe.txt file that explains each of these files.   Funding: Science and Engineering Research Board (Govt. of India) - SRG/2021/001523 The Rufford Foundation The Rauf Ali Fellowship Arvind Datar Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies   References: Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann, and A. O. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491:444–448. Tobias, J. A., C. Sheard, A. L. Pigot, A. J. M. Devenish, J. Yang, et al. 2022. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters 25:581–597. Wilman, H., J. Belmaker, J. Simpson, C. de la Rosa, M. M. Rivadeneira, and W. Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world’s birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027–2027.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Apr 2024View details →

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Data from: Birds influence vegetation coverage and structure on sandy biogeomorphic islands in the Dutch Wadden Sea.

Small uninhabited islands form important roosting and breeding habitats for many coastal birds.  Here, we assess the role of external nutrient input by coastal birds on the vegetation structure and coverage on sandy biogeomorphic islands in the Dutch Wadden Sea, where island-forming processes depend on vegetation-sedimentation feedbacks.  We Used a combination of bird observations and plant stable isotope (δ15N) analyses, to demonstrate that (i) breeding birds transport large quantities of nutrients via their faecal outputs to these islands annually and that (ii) this external nitrogen source influences vegetation development on these sandy, nutrient-limited, islands. We further discuss how this avian nutrient pump could impact island development and habitat suitability for coastal birds and discuss future directions for research. For the conservation of both threatened coastal birds and sandy back-barrier islands and the design of appropriate management strategies, we argue that three-way interactions between birds, vegetation and sandy island morphodynamics need to be further elucidated.    Methods Data stored in this repository are bird counts from all three islands [Breeding_total.csv] and the relation between total faecal excretion rates (estimated using bird counts) and average vegetation coverage (estimated using satellite imagery) [Vegetation_bird.csv]. Additionally, we gathered data in the field including vegetation charactersitics [field.data.xls], isotopic data of the vegetation [new_isotopes.csv] and soil charactersitics [Soil_prop.csv]. Detailed description of these methods and the results can found in the accompanying publication (Reijers et al. STOTEN).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

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TABLE 1 in Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?

TABLE 1 Bird taxa endemic or nearly endemic to the Tres Marías islands. Taxa considered herein to be species are in boldface.<table><tbody><tr><th>Scientific name</th><th>English name</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Patagioenas flavirostris madrensis</th><td>Red-billed Pigeon</td></tr><tr><th>Leptotila verreauxi capitalis</th><td>White-tipped Dove</td></tr><tr><th>Nyctidromus albicollis insularis</th><td>Common Pauraque</td></tr><tr><th>Cynanthus latirostris lawrencei</th><td>Broad-billed Hummingbird</td></tr><tr><th>Amazilia rutila graysoni</th><td>Cinnamon Hummingbird</td></tr><tr><th>Buteo jamaicensis fumosus</th><td>Red-tailed Hawk</td></tr><tr><th>Picoides scalaris graysoni</th><td>Ladder-backed Woodpecker</td></tr><tr><th>Caracara cheriway pallidus</th><td>Crested Caracara</td></tr><tr><th>Forpus cyanopygius insularis</th><td>Mexican Parrotlet</td></tr><tr><th>Amazona oratrix tresmariae</th><td>Yellow-headed Parrot</td></tr><tr><th>Myiopagis viridicata minima</th><td>Greenish Elaenia</td></tr><tr><th>Pachyramphus aglaiae insularis</th><td>Rose-throated Becard</td></tr><tr><th>Vireo hypochryseus sordidus</th><td>Golden Vireo</td></tr><tr><th>Vireo flavoviridis forreri</th><td>Yellow-green Vireo</td></tr><tr><th>Pheugopedius felix lawrencii</th><td>Happy Wren</td></tr><tr><th>Myadestes occidentalis insularis</th><td>Brown-backed Solitaire</td></tr><tr><th>Turdus rufopalliatus graysoni</th><td>Rufous-backed Robin</td></tr><tr><th>Melanotis caerulescens longirostris</th><td>Blue Mockingbird</td></tr><tr><th>Spinus psaltria witi</th><td>Lesser Goldfinch</td></tr><tr><th>Setophaga pitiayumi insularis</th><td>Tropical Parula</td></tr><tr><th>Piranga bidentata flammea</th><td>Flame-coloured Tanager</td></tr><tr><th>Cardinalis cardinalis mariae</th><td>Northern Cardinal</td></tr><tr><th>Granatellus venustus francescae</th><td>Red-breasted Chat</td></tr><tr><th>Icterus pustulatus graysonii</th><td>Streak-backed Oriole</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2020View details →

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Table 1 in Survey of the Non-Migratory Birds of the Rock Islands Southern Lagoon World Heritage Site in Palau

Table 1. List of the non-migratory wild birds detected during the survey of the Rock Islands Southern Lagoon World Heritage Site. * = Palau endemic species. &dagger; = Micronesia regional endemic species. &Dagger; = Introduced species. [EN] = Endangered species. Frequency values indicate the number of counts during which a species was detected. Shaded areas in the columns to the right indicate detection of a species at an island group: Column a=Ngeruktabel, b=Ulong, c=Mecherechar, d=Ngerechong, e=Ngemelis, f=Babelchomekang, g=Ulebsechel, h=Ngerukuid, i=Ngeanges, j=Kmekumer.<table><tbody><tr><th>English Name</th><th>Scientific Name</th><th>Frequency</th><th>a b c d e f g h i j</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Palau Fruit Dove*</th><td>Ptilinopus pelewensis</td><td>129</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Micronesian Starling &dagger;</th><td>Aplonis opaca</td><td>122</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Black Noddy</th><td>Anous minutus</td><td>114</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Micronesian Myzomela &dagger;</th><td>Myzomela rubratra</td><td>112</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Collared Kingfisher</th><td>Todiramphus chloris</td><td>108</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Palau Flycatcher*</th><td>Myiagra erythrops</td><td>103</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Dusky White-eye*</th><td>Zosterops finschii</td><td>96</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Palau Fantail*</th><td>Rhipidura lepida</td><td>93</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Palau Bush Warbler*</th><td>Horornis annae</td><td>90</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>White Tern</th><td>Gygis alba</td><td>90</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Micronesian Megapode &dagger; [EN]</th><td>Megapodius laperouse</td><td>84</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Palau Swiftlet*</th><td>Aerodramus pelewensis</td><td>72</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Morningbird*</th><td>Pachycephala tenebrosa</td><td>70</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>White-tailed Tropicbird</th><td>Phaethon lepturus</td><td>69</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Micronesian Imperial Pigeon &dagger;</th><td>Ducula oceanica</td><td>52</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Sulphur-crested Cockatoo&Dagger;</th><td>Cacatua galerita</td><td>47</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Palau Cicadabird*</th><td>Coracina monacha</td><td>28</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Eclectus Parrot&Dagger;</th><td>Eclectus roratus</td><td>26</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Nicobar Pigeon</th><td>Caloenas nicobarica</td><td>23</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Giant White-eye*</th><td>Megazosterops palauensis</td><td>21</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Citrine White-eye &dagger;</th><td>Zosterops semperi</td><td>16</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Blue-faced Parrotfinch</th><td>Erythrura trichoa</td><td>12</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Palau Ground Dove*</th><td>Alopecoenas canifrons</td><td>11</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Pacific Reef Heron</th><td>Egretta sacra</td><td>11</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Brown Noddy</th><td>Anous stolidus</td><td>8</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Bridled Tern</th><td>Onychoprion anaethetus</td><td>7</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Rufous Night Heron</th><td>Nycticorax caledonicus</td><td>7</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Rusty-capped Kingfisher*</th><td>Todiramphus pelewensis</td><td>6</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Greater Crested Tern</th><td>Thalasseus bergii</td><td>5</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Black-naped Tern</th><td>Sterna sumatrana</td><td>4</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Little Pied Cormorant</th><td>Microcarbo melanoleucos</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Tropical Shearwater</th><td>Puffinus bailoni</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Great Frigatebird</th><td>Fregata minor</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Brown Booby</th><td>Sula leucogaster</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Slaty-legged Crake</th><td>Rallina eurizonoides</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Palau Owl*</th><td>Pyrroglaux podargina</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Palau Nightjar*</th><td>Caprimulgus phalaena</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →

dryad36/100

Strength of the 'island rule' in birds is positively associated with absence of avian predators

The similar characteristics shared by island environments have been shown to lead to common patterns of adaptations in island species, commonly referred to as the "insularity syndrome". A well-known example is the "island rule", where large species become smaller on islands and small species become larger, leading to well-known cases of dwarfism and gigantism. This pattern was recently verified on a global scale, but the mechanisms underlying it have been poorly investigated. Here, we focused on the role of released pressure from predation and competition experienced by island birds. Using 120 pairs of endemic island species and their mainland sister relatives, we first verified that the island rule was detected in our dataset, and then evaluated the effects of the numbers of raptors and inter-specific competitors on the evolution of the insular species' body mass. We found a strong effect of predation on body mass evolution, with a stronger island rule for species occurring on islands with no raptors, while the pattern disappears in their presence. However, we did not find an effect of competition on this pattern. Our study shows the importance of considering ecological interactions for understanding patterns of body size evolution, and the exceptions to those patterns.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

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Runs of homozygosity reveal past bottlenecks and contemporary inbreeding across diverging populations of an island-colonizing bird

Genomes retain evidence of the demographic history and evolutionary forces that have shaped populations. Across island systems, contemporary patterns of genetic diversity reflect complex population demography, including colonisation events, bottlenecks, gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we investigate whether island founder events have prolonged effects on genome-wide diversity and runs of homozygosity (ROH) distributions, using whole genome resequencing from six populations across three archipelagos of Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii) – a passerine which has undergone island speciation relatively recently. Pairwise sequential Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analyses estimated divergence from its sister species approximately two million years ago. Results indicate that all Berthelot's pipit populations had shared ancestry until approximately 50,000 years ago, when the Madeiran archipelago populations were founded, while the Selvagens were colonised within the last 8,000 years. We identify extensive long ROH (>1 Mb) in genomes in the most recently colonised populations of Madeira and Selvagens which have experienced sequential island founder events and population crashes. Population expansion within the last 100 years may have eroded long ROH in the Madeiran archipelago, resulting in a prevalence of short ROH (<1 Mb). Extensive long and short ROH in the Selvagens reflects strong recent inbreeding, small contemporary effective population size and past bottleneck effects, with as much as 37.7% of the autosomes comprised of ROH >250 kb in length. These findings highlight the importance of demographic history, as well as selection and genetic drift, in shaping contemporary patterns of genomic diversity across diverging populations.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

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Figure 1 in Impact of the bird-manure caused eutrophication on the abundance and diversity of chironomid larvae (Diptera; Chironomidae) in lakes of the Bolshoy Aynov Island (Russia, Barents Sea)

Figure 1. Landscape of the Greater Ainu Island.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

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