Find research datasets worth reusing

FIG. 7 in Multi-aged forest fragments in Atlantic France that are surrounded by meadows retain a richer epiphyte lichen flora

FIG. 7. — The beta diversity indicated significant lichen species replacement on larger trees in the interiors of the FFs surrounded by meadows (A). In contrast, lichen species replacement was significant on thinner trees from the exteriors of the FFs surrounded by meadows (B).

FIG. 6 in Multi-aged forest fragments in Atlantic France that are surrounded by meadows retain a richer epiphyte lichen flora

FIG. 6. — The gamma diversity indicated that the highest number of lichen species was recorded on larger trees in the interiors of the FFs surrounded by meadows (legend is as in Fig. 2).

FIG. 3 in Multi-aged forest fragments in Atlantic France that are surrounded by meadows retain a richer epiphyte lichen flora

FIG. 3. — The significant effect of host tree species (A) and shrub cover (B) on lichen species abundance according to a summary of the GLMMs. The GLMM results are presented for the interior forest at the tree level within FFs surrounded by meadows, taking into account the larger tree category (trees that range in circumference between 0.56 and 2.97).

FIG. 5 in Multi-aged forest fragments in Atlantic France that are surrounded by meadows retain a richer epiphyte lichen flora

FIG. 5. — The significant effect of tree circumference on the number of lichen species according to the summary of the GLMMs. The GLMM results are presented at the tree level within FFs surrounded by crops, taking into account the larger tree category (details as in Fig. 2).

FIG. 2 in Multi-aged forest fragments in Atlantic France that are surrounded by meadows retain a richer epiphyte lichen flora

FIG. 2. — The significant effects of: A, B, moss coverage; C, D, tree circumference; and E, F, host tree species on lichen abundance according to a summary of the GLMMs. The values of the estimator (E), standard error (SE), and Wald chi-squared test (chisq), the degrees of freedom (dfs) and significance (p) are presented. The GLMM results are presented for the larger tree category (trees that range in circumference between 0.56 and 2.97) at the tree and forest levels at the exteriors of the FFs surrounded by crops.

FIG. 1 in Multi-aged forest fragments in Atlantic France that are surrounded by meadows retain a richer epiphyte lichen flora

FIG. 1. — The location of the study area within the Poitou-Charentes region (western France). Source: Google Earth Pro V 7.3.2.5776. (14 December 2015). France. 45°21'34.14"N, 0°12'32.38"W, Eye alt 340.93 km. SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. US Dept of State Geographer. Landsat/Copernicus 2018. http://www. earth.google.com (13 February 2019).

opencc-zeroApr 2020View details →

FIG. 2 in Distribution of potentially toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates in Saint Martin Island (Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles)

FIG. 2. — Distribution of potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates abundances (cells g–1): A, Florideophyceae; B, Phaeophyceae; C, Ulvophyceae; D, seagrasses in Saint Martin Island.

Figure 6 in Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Figure 6. Divergence time and diversification rate upshifts of Orchidaceae (A) Achronogram inferred using TreePL with the topology of the summary tree from four coalescent trees and with branch length calculated from a concatenated data set containing 299 genes, showing temporal evolutionary patterns of subtribe and higher ranks of Orchidaceae. Numbers near nodes indicate the estimated ages of corresponding nodes. The branch colors indicate the net diversification rate estimated using BAMM, and corresponding rates are shown in the legend at the top of the chronogram. Triangles or lines on terminal branches represent the range of species number of corresponding taxa as indicated to the left side of the chronogram. Ageological time scale is shown at the bottom of the chronogram, with an estimated temperature change curve for the Late Cretaceous (Veizer et al., 2000) and the Cenozoic (Westerhold et al., 2020). Also shown are the K‐Pg boundary, Paleocene– Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), an origin of the modern rainforests (Carvalho et al., 2021), and the origin of epiphytism shared by MCVECP (Malaxideae, Cymbidieae, Vandeae, Epidendreae, Collabieae, and Podochileae) clade inferred in this study. The orange up arrows on branches indicate the net diversification rate upshifts inferred in BAMM using subtribe‐level sampling fractions; the blue up arrows on branches and in the triangles indicate the net diversification rate upshifts inferred in Epidendreae and Vandeae using genus‐level sampling fractions. The same color scheme of taxon names in Figures 1–4 is used here. (B) A histogram plot shows the temporal pattern of divergence events of ancestors of orchid subtribes, genera, and species. The height of each bin indicates the number of divergent events within five million years, and the vertical dashed lines indicate mean ages of divergent events of each rank. (C) The temporal change pattern of the Orchidaceae net diversification rate. K‐Pg boundary, an origin of the modern rainforests, PETM, and the origin of epiphytism shared by members of the MCVECP clade are indicated.

Figure 5 in Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Figure 5. Evolutionary pattern of growth forms in Orchidaceae Acladogram showing the reconstructed ancestral states of growth forms of Orchidaceae. Corresponding taxon names (genera of Apostasioideae and Cypripedioideae, subtribes of Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae, and tribes of Vanilloideae) are shown on the right side of the tree, and the same color scheme of taxon names in Figures 1–4 is used here. Branch colors indicate the reconstructed growth forms as described on the left side of the tree. The green, purple, blue, and orange vertical bars on branches indicate transitions to epiphytism, full mycoheterotrophy, lithophytism, and terrestrial form, respectively. Numbers in four columns between branch tips and taxon names indicate the times of transitions within the taxon group as indicated at the top: between terrestrial (T) and epiphytic (E), other types to full mycoheterotrophy (M), and other types to lithophytic (L). Orc: Orchideae; Ner: Nervilieae; Are: Arethuseae; Mal: Malaxideae.

Figure 4 in Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Figure 4. Asummary cladogram of Orchidaceae, part 4 (the Cymbidieae tribe) A portion of the summary Orchidaceae phylogenetic tree generated from four coalescent trees reconstructed using gene‐sets with 1 195, 1 016, 834, and 639 genes, respectively, showing relationships of genera of Cymbidieae. Photographs of representative species of Cymbidieae are presented on the right side. See also legend for Figure 1.

Figure 1 in Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Figure 1. Asummary cladogram of Orchidaceae, part 1 (the Apostasioideae, Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae, and Orchidoideae subfamilies) A portion of the summary Orchidaceae phylogenetic tree generated from four coalescent trees reconstructed using gene‐sets with 1 195, 1 016, 834, and 639 genes, respectively. The relationships among genera of four subfamilies, Apostasioideae, Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae, and Orchidoideae are shown. The branches have maximal multi‐locus bootstrap support values (MBS) in all coalescent trees, unless indicated by colored shapes with corresponding support value shown below the tree. The triangle at the tip of a branch indicates that the corresponding genus contains more than one sampled species, and the number of sampled species of the genus is shown in the parentheses after the genus name. The green tree symbol before a genus name indicates that the genus has epiphytic species. The subfamily, tribe, and subtribe names are shown to the right of genus names. Photographs, with species or genus names below, of some genera/species in the four subfamilies, are presented on the right side. The legends and symbols used here are also the same for Figures 2, 3, and 4.

Figure 3 in Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Figure 3. Asummary cladogram of Orchidaceae, part 3 (the Epidendreae tribe) A portion of the summary Orchidaceae phylogenetic tree generated from four coalescent trees reconstructed using gene‐sets with 1,195, 1,016, 834, and 639 genes, respectively, showing relationships of genera of Epidendreae. Photographs of representative genera/species of Epidendreae are presented on the right side. See also legend for Figure 1.

Figure 2 in Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Figure 2. Asummary cladogram of Orchidaceae, part 2 (the Epidendroideae subfamily, except the Epidendreae and Cymbidieae tribes) A portion of the summary Orchidaceae phylogenetic tree generated from four coalescent trees reconstructed using gene‐sets with 1,195, 1,016, 834, and 639 genes, respectively, showing relationships of genera of 12 Epidendroideae tribes: Neottieae, Sobralieae, Triphoreae (Tri), Xerorchideae, Gastrodieae, Nervilieae (Ner), Tropidieae, Arethuseae, Malaxideae, Collabieae, Podochileae, and Vandeae. Photographs of representative genera/species of the tribes shown in the tree are presented on the right side. See also legend for Figure 1.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

FIG. 3. — TWINSPAN classification for the 23 in The Epiphytic Bryophyte Vegetation of Buxus sempervirens L. forests in the Fırtına Valley (Rize, Turkey)

FIG. 3. — TWINSPAN classification for the 23 relevés carried out in the studied area and 31 taxa found.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

FIG. 1 in The Epiphytic Bryophyte Vegetation of Buxus sempervirens L. forests in the Fırtına Valley (Rize, Turkey)

FIG. 1. — Location of the study area. The red point indicates the Fırtına Valley. The black rectangle indicates the Rize Province, and the black points indicate the Rize districts. The numbers indicate the nine localities sampled (see Table 1).

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Source height and contact with terrestrial soil drive transplanted epiphyte performance

<ol> <li class="MsoNormal">Epiphytes are characterized by their ability to survive without a root connection to the ground, but many basic life-history traits and ecological trade-offs of this unique aerial growth habit remain largely uncharacterized. Mortality causes are still not well understood, but falling from the host tree has been suggested as a leading cause of epiphyte mortality and community dynamics. Little empirical evidence exists for why epiphytes do not survive when forced to become terrestrial, and few studies exist that transplant epiphytes between high- and low-forest strata to test trade-offs between thriving in canopy environments and survival in the forest understory.</li> <li class="MsoNormal">Here, we experimentally test two hypotheses regarding the drivers of epiphyte mortality in a cloud forest of central Panama. We test whether simple contact with terrestrial soil is deleterious to epiphytes, preliminarily testing the Epiphyte Enemy Escape Hypothesis, and test the Vertical Niche Differentiation Hypothesis, wherein epiphytes are specifically adapted for microsites throughout the vertical forest strata. By monitoring survival, leaf loss, and health status of 270 transplanted epiphytes for a year and a half, we pinpoint the extent to which soil contact and height of origin regulate epiphyte performance. </li> <li class="MsoNormal">We found that contact with terrestrial soil itself was detrimental to epiphytes in situ, providing some of the first empirical data to explain why falling onto the ground, versus falling into the understory, is particularly fatal to epiphytes. However, we also found that mortality rates vary substantially among taxonomic groups and among epiphytes that originally came from different height strata.</li> <li class="MsoNormal"> Synthesis. Plants that are adapted for the canopy experience a trade-off with higher mortality when in contact with terrestrial soil. Follow-up studies should explore the role of terrestrial soil microbes and physiological constraints as potential drivers of decreased grounded epiphyte survival. </li> </ol>

publicNov 2021View details →

Stand-level variation drives canopy water storage by non-vascular epiphytes across a temperate-boreal ecotone

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicApr 2020View details →

Data from: Life in the canopy: community trait assessments reveal substantial functional diversity among fern epiphytes

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicAug 2023View details →

Source height and contact with terrestrial soil drive transplanted epiphyte performance

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.