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1,501 results for “fatty acid”
Integrating pigment and fatty acid profiles for enhanced estimation of seston community composition
<p>Climate change, nutrition pollution, and land use alterations influence the primary production of lakes. While light-microscopy counting remains the standard for estimating phytoplankton community composition, its expense and time-consuming nature necessitate cost-effective alternatives for seston analysis. Furthermore, estimating the contribution of seston constituents other than primary producers, or non-algal particles, is not possible with light-microscopy counting. Biotracer approach using computational methods and chemotaxonomic biomarkers such as carotenoid pigments and fatty acids have been utilised as an alternative in seston analysis when species-level taxonomy is not required. However, a comprehensive testing of how well carotenoid and fatty acids can be utilised in estimating a wide range of seston phytoplankton communities using different estimation methods is lacking. To assess the accuracy of a suite of state-of-the-art biotracer-based computational methods, namely CHEMTAX, FASTAR (Fatty Acid Source-Tracking Algorithm in R), MixSIAR, and QFASA (Quantitative Fatty Acid Signature Analysis), lake water samples were collected in 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 for seston composition analysis in a boreal eutrophic lake with light-microscopy counting serving as the reference for seston composition. Absolute errors between the biotracer-based estimates were calculated to evaluate method performance. A small laboratory experiment to assess the reliability of estimating the contribution of non-algal particles using the computational methods with fatty acids was also conducted. The closest alignment to light-microscopy counting in terms of absolute error was achieved when both carotenoids and fatty acids were utilised together in the QFASA method. For CHEMTAX, FASTAR, and MixSIAR utilising carotenoids alone produced the closest results. Additionally, the estimation methods accurately assessed the proportion of non-algal particles in the seston when utilising fatty acid profiles, a capability not possible with light-microscopy counting. Our findings demonstrate that the biotracer approach provides a viable and cost-effective alternative to light-microscopy counting when group-level information of phytoplankton community composition suffices. Furthermore, we show that non-algal particles can be effectively estimated together with phytoplankton when utilising fatty acids.</p>
Figure 2 in Phenolic compound and fatty acid properties of some microalgae species isolated from Erbil City
Figure 2. Total phenolic content (mg/g) extracted from algal isolates.
Figure 4 in Phenolic compound and fatty acid properties of some microalgae species isolated from Erbil City
Figure 4. Chemical composition of fatty acid in algae obtained by HPLC.
The effect of cell density on biomass and fatty acid productivity during cultivation of Rhodomonas salina in a tubular photobioreactor - the dataset.
<p>The microalga Rhodomonas salina is widely used in aquaculture. There is a need for<br> optimization of the growth of the microalgae and its content of essential fatty acids.<br> Here, the fatty acid profile of Rhodomonas in relation to cell density during cultivation<br> in a tubular PBR is investigated. It is expected that cell density is an important<br> factor in controlling productivity and fatty acid content of the microalgae because<br> cell density is important in determining light availability due to the self-shading of the<br> algae. The carbon productivity as a function of cell density is described by a saturation<br> curve. The carbon productivity and the productivity of total fatty acids are lowest<br> at the lowest cell density, and independent of cell density at higher cell densities.<br> The relative contribution of the two poly-unsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic<br> acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases with increasing cell density and<br> saturates at 1 × 106 cells/ml. We conclude that large-scale production of Rhodomonas<br> in this tubular PBR should take place at cell densities of 1 × 106 cells/ml, while there<br> are indications for increasing difficulties in maintaining steady-state production in<br> this PBR at higher cell densities.</p>
Fatty Acids Reverse the Supramolecular Chirality of Insulin Fibrils
<h4>The data from the paper Fatty Acids Reverse the Supramolecular Chirality of Insulin Fibrils</h4> <div>Aidan P. Holman, Kimberly Quinn, Rakesh Kumar, Sebastian Kmiecik, Abid Ali, and Dmitry Kurouski</div> <div>The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters <strong>2023</strong> <em>14</em> (30), 6935-6939</div> <p>DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01527</p>
GC-MS data corresponding to: Methanol-Based Esterification of Palm Oil Sludge – Preparation of Fatty Acids (Palmitic and Oleic) Ethyl Esters via Ethyl Acetate Transesterification by Javier Chaparro-Acosta and Juan-Manuel Urbina-González
<p>GC-MS data corresponding to:</p> <p>Methanol-Based Esterification of Palm Oil Sludge – Preparation of Fatty Acids (Palmitic and Oleic) Ethyl Esters via Ethyl Acetate Transesterification<br> by<br> Javier Chaparro-Acosta<sup>(1)</sup> and Juan-Manuel Urbina-González<sup>(2*)</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, 680002, Colombia<br> <sup>2</sup>Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, 680002, Colombia<br> * Correspondence: jurbina@uis.edu.co<br> <br> <strong>Abstract</strong><br> Acid catalyzed Fischer esterification of fatty acids using methanol (as reagent and solvent) allow the preparation of long chain alkyl methyl esters. Transesterification of palm oil in basic media using methanol is also a known path to monoalkyl methyl ethers derived of fatty acids. In this work we report the Fischer esterification using methanol of a sample of local palm oil sludge (a fraction rich in fatty acids) and how during the extraction with ethyl acetate a transesterification reaction occurred, allowing the preparation of ethyl esters of oleic and palmitic acids as main compounds.</p> <p> </p>
Pigment, fatty acid and lipid data of the sea slug Elysia crispata in two habitat depths
<p>Sacoglossan sea slugs are the only animals able to sequester functional chloroplasts from the algae they feed on and keep them functional for more than a month. Here, we characterized <em>Elysia crispata</em> distributed in a coral reef from Southern Gulf of Mexico at two depths: 0-4 m and 8-12 m. We provide information on the concentrations of 12 pigments, 27 fatty acids, and total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid amounts. </p>
Dietary composition and fatty acid content of giant salmonflies (Pteronarcys californica) in two Rocky Mountain rivers
<p>Many aquatic invertebrates are declining or facing extinction from stressors that compromise physiology, resource consumption, reproduction, and phenology. However, the influence of these common stressors specifically on consumer-resource interactions for aquatic invertebrate consumers is only beginning to be understood. We conducted a field study to investigate <i>Pteronarcys californica</i> (i.e., the 'giant salmonfly'), a large-bodied insect that is ecologically and culturally significant to rivers throughout the western U.S. We sampled gut contents and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of salmonflies to compare resource consumption across river (Madison or Gallatin, Montana), sex (male or female), and habitat (rock or woody debris). We found that allochthonous detritus comprised the majority of salmonfly diets in the Gallatin and Madison Rivers, making up 68% of the gut contents on average, followed by amorphous detritus, diatoms, and filamentous algae. Diets showed little variation across river, sex, or length. Minor differences in diets were detected by habitat type, with a higher proportion of diatoms in the diets of salmonflies collected from rocky habitat compared to woody debris. Fatty acid composition generally supported the results of gut content analysis but highlighted the importance of primary producers. The presence of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) suggest consumption of diatoms and filamentous green algae, respectively. Our research underscores the importance of a healthy riparian zone that provides allochthonous detritus for invertebrate nutrition as well as the role of algae as an important source of fatty acids.</p>
Data from: Volatile fatty acid concentration, soil pH and soil texture during anaerobic soil conditions affect germination of Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii sclerotia
<p>Anaerobic growth chamber trials were conducted to evaluate effects of VFA and VFA concentration, and interactions with soil pH and soil texture, on <i>A. rolfsii</i> sclerotia germination. In the first objective, sclerotia were exposed to 4, 8, or 16 mmol/kg soil of acetic or <i>n</i>-butyric acids in sandy soil; soil pH was buffered to 5, 6, or 7. In the second objective, sclerotia in sandy or sandy loam soil were exposed to 4 or 16 mmol VFA/kg soil at soil pH 5 or 6. VFAs are probable important factors in <i>A. rolfsii </i>suppression<i> </i>due to ASD treatment in many soil environments, and activity is dependent on VFA concentration, soil solution pH, and soil texture.</p>
Lipid metabolism, fatty acid composition and meat quality in broilers supplemented with increasing levels of defrosted black soldier fly larvae
<p>Dataset for the experiment to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of whole black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in broiler diets on lipid metabolism, fatty acid composition, and meat quality of birds. Chicks received the whole BSFL at 10%, 20%, or 30% of the feed intake of control chickens that received no BSFL but only age-specific diets. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2022.0125">https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2022.0125</a></p>
Data from: Lipidome modulation by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation or selective soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition suppresses rough LPS-accelerated glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone mice
<p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-accelerated autoimmune glomerulonephritis (GN) in lupus-prone NZBWF1 mice is a preclinical model that is potentially applicable for investigating lipidome-modulating interventions. LPS can be expressed as one of two chemotypes: smooth LPS (S-LPS) and rough LPS (R-LPS) which is devoid of O-antigen polysaccharide sidechain. Since these chemotypes differentially affect TLR4-mediated immune cell responses, these differences may influence GN induction. Therefore, we initially compared the effects of subchronic i.p. injection for 5 wk with 1) <em>Salmonella</em> S-LPS, 2) <em>Salmonella</em> R-LPS, or 3) saline vehicle (VEH) (Study 1) in female NZBWF1 mice. R-LPS induced robust elevations in blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, and hematuria that were not evident in VEH- or S-LPS-treated mice. Histopathologic examination of R-LPS-treated mice one week after final injection further revealed more robust hypertrophy, hyperplasia, thickened membranes, lymphocytic accumulation containing B and T cells, and glomerular IgG deposition consistent with GN but not in VEH- or S-LPS-treated groups. R-LPS but not S-LPS induced spleen enlargement with lymphoid hyperplasia as well as modest inflammatory cell recruitment in the liver. We next employed our optimized R-LPS model to discern the impact of two lipidome-modulating interventions, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition, on GN (Study 2). Specifically, the effects of consuming the omega-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (10 g/kg diet) and/or the sEH inhibitor TPPU (22.5 mg/kg diet) on R-LPS triggering were compared. Resultant blood fatty acid profiles and epoxy fatty acid concentrations reflected the anticipated DHA- and TPPU-mediated lipidome changes. The relative rank order of R-LPS-induced GN severity among groups fed experimental diets based on proteinuria, hematuria, histopathologic scoring, and glomerular IgG deposition was: VEH/CON < R-LPS/DHA ≈ R-LPS/TPPU <<< R-LPS/ TPPU+DHA ≈ R-LPS/CON. These interventions had modest to negligible effects on R-LPS-induced splenomegaly, plasma antibody responses, liver inflammation, and inflammation-associated kidney gene expression. Collectively, our results show for the first time that absence of O-antigenic polysaccharide in R-LPS is critical to accelerated GN in lupus-prone mice. Furthermore, intervention by lipidome modulation through DHA feeding or sEH inhibition suppressed R-LPS-induced GN; however, these ameliorative effects were greatly diminished upon combining the treatments.</p>
Data for: Variation in fatty acid content among benthic invertebrates in a seasonally driven system
<p><span>At temperate latitudes where seasonal changing environmental conditions strongly affect the magnitude, duration and species composition of pelagic primary production, macrobenthic organisms living below the photic zone rely on the sedimentation of this organic matter as their primary energy source. The succession from nutritious spring blooms to summer cyanobacteria is assumed to reduce food quality for benthic primary consumers and their fatty acid profiles. In contrast, we find low seasonal variability in fatty acid content of five benthic macroinvertebrates spanning two trophic levels in the Baltic Sea, a system with high seasonal variation in phytoplankton species composition. However, levels of the major FA groups vary greatly between benthic species. The results suggest that benthic macroinvertebrates have evolved FA metabolism adapted to degraded sedimenting material. Moreover, our study shows that species composition of benthic macrofauna rather than seasonal changing conditions affect availability of essential nutrients to higher trophic levels.</span></p>
Fatty acid composition and content of seston, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fish in Lake Pyhäjärvi and Lake Köyliönjärvi
<p><span>We evaluated how cyanobacteria bloom, driven by agricultural eutrophication (defined as an increase in nutrients) or global warming, influence fatty acid profiles of phytoplankton, zooplankton (<em>Daphnia</em> + <em>Bosmina</em>), and fish (roach and perch) in eutrophic Lake Köyliöjärvi and mesotrophic Lake Pyhäjärvi. Regarding the nutritional value of food web components, we evaluated changes in the ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of phytoplankton and consumers at different trophic levels. We report the fatty acid results as percentages (%) and content (µg FA mg<sup>-1</sup> C<sup>-1</sup>).</span></p>
Evolutionary Mismatch and depression: the correlation between omega-3 fatty acid intake from fish in diet and the prevalence of depression among university students
<p>This compressed file contain the data used for the Bachelor project "Evolutionary Mismatch and depression: the correlation between omega-3 fatty acid intake from fish in diet and the prevalence of depression among university students" by Ziyao Zhang from the University of Amsterdam.</p>
Supplementation of Heat-treated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum nF1 Changes the Production of Short-chain Fatty Acids in Healthy Infants
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Imbalance of the gut microbiome and decrease in the number of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria often affect human health by altering intestinal and immune homeostasis. Probiotic use is an attractive method for modulating gut microbiota to prevent or treat intestinal dysbiosis. This study aimed to determine whether the oral consumption of heat-treated <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> nF1 (HLp-nF1) induces changes in the gut environment in healthy infants by measuring changes in fecal SCFAs. <strong>METHODS:</strong> The study enrolled 43 infants aged <2 months, with 30 infants in the HLp-nF1 group receiving HLp-nF1 orally (2.5 × 10<sup>12</sup> cells/g/pack, daily dose of two packs) for 8 weeks. The fecal samples were collected and the questionnaires were administered at weeks 0 and 8. <strong>RESULTS:</strong> The concentrations of the total SCFAs, acetate, propionate, and butyrate significantly increased following HLp-nF1 supplementation (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.028, respectively). Additionally, gut microbiota composition was altered in the HLp-nF1 group. <strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Using probiotics is a useful and easy method for manipulating SCFA formation by altering the human gut microbiota composition.</p>
Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders (LC-FAOD) Extension Study for Subjects Previously Enrolled in Triheptanoin Studies
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02214160. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 2.
Association Between Increased Oxidative Stress, Anti-Inflammatory Fatty Acid Formation, and Airway Infection in People With Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00595114. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01818804. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Obesity and Asthma: Nutrigenetic Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acids
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01027143. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Major Depressive Disorder With High Inflammation: A Personalized Approach
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02553915. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
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