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195 results for “reflective surface”
VIIRS/NPP Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V001
The VNP09H1 VIIRS Version 1 data product was decommissioned on April 8th, 2025. Users are encouraged to use Version 2 data products, which provide [better calibration and consistency](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/VIIRS_Land_C2_Changes_09152022.pdf) for the end user. VIIRS Version 2 data products are available from both the SNPP ([VNP09H1](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP09H1.002)) and NOAA-20 ([VJ109H1]( https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VJ109H1.002)) satellites.The 8-day Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Surface Reflectance (VNP09H1) Version 1 composite product provides an estimate of land surface reflectance from the NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS sensor for three imagery bands (I1, I2, I3) at nominal 500 meter resolution (~463 meter). The 500 meter dataset is derived through resampling the native 375 meter VIIRS resolution in the L2 input product. The data are corrected for atmospheric conditions such as the effects of molecular gases, including ozone and water vapor, and for the effects of atmospheric aerosols. Each pixel represents the best possible Level 2G observation during an 8-day period, which is selected on the basis of high observation coverage, low sensor angle, the absence of clouds or cloud shadow, and aerosol loading. The three reflectance bands, this product includes a state quality assurance (QA) layer and a reflectance band quality layer. Known Issues* The VIIRS Land Surface Reflectance product (VNP09) may incorrectly flag retrievals as 'High Aerosol' over brighter surfaces and at higher view angles. This will impact the downstream VIIRS BRDF/Albedo (VNP43) and Vegetation Index (VNP13) data products which use the aerosol quantity flag to screen out high aerosol values.* Corrections will be implemented in Collection 2 reprocessing in 2022. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=VIIRS) and in Section 4.0 "Caveats and Known Problems" of the User Guide.
VIIRS/JPSS1 Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V002
The 8-day Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) surface reflectance (VJ109A1) Version 2 composite product provides an estimate of land surface reflectance from the NOAA-20 VIIRS sensor for nine moderate resolution bands (M1 - M5, M7, M8, M10, M11) at nominal 1 kilometer resolution (~926 meter). The 1 kilometer dataset is derived through resampling the native 750 meter VIIRS resolution in the Level 2 input product. The data are corrected for atmospheric conditions such as the effects of molecular gases, including ozone and water vapor, and for the effects of atmospheric aerosols. Each pixel represents the best possible Level 2G observation during an 8-day period that is selected on the basis of high observation coverage, low sensor angle, the absence of clouds or cloud shadow, and aerosol loading. Included in the product along with the nine reflectance bands are day of year, reflectance band quality, control, reflectance state quality assurance, relative azimuth angle, sensor zenith angle, and solar zenith angle layers. Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=VIIRS) and in Section 4.0 of the User Guide.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Improved calibration algorithm and coefficients for entire NOAA-20 mission.* Improved geolocation accuracy and applied updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods.* Corrected the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter surfaces in the mid- to high-latitudes such as desert and tropical vegetation areas. This has an impact on the retrieval of other downstream data products such as VNP13 Vegetation Indices and VNP43 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo.* Improved cloud mask input product for corrections along coastlines and artifacts from use of coarse resolution climatology data. * Replaced the land/water mask input product with the eight-class land/water mask from the VNP03 geolocation product that better aligns with MODIS.* Added secondary day-night flag to improve retrieval of Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) values over daytime pixels.* More details can be found in this [VIIRS Land V2 Changes document](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/VIIRS_Land_C2_Changes_09152022.pdf).
LBA-ECO LC-18 Hyperion 30-m Surface Reflectance, Mato Grosso, Brazil: July 2004
This image was collected by the Hyperion sensor on 10-July-2004 at 13:16:16 GMT. It was calibrated to apparent surface reflectance using the ACORN atmospheric model.The Hyperion imager has a spectral range of 400-2500 nm, a spectral resolution of 10 nm, spatial resolution of 30 m, and a swath width of 7.8 km. Sampling is scene based (256 samples, 512 lines) (http://eo1.usgs.gov/sensors.php). Through these large number of spectral bands, complex land ecosystems can be imaged and accurately classified.Data from the EO-1 Hyperion imaging spectrometer may greatly increase our ability to estimate the presence and structural attributes of selective logging in the Amazon Basin using four biogeophysical indicators not yet derived simultaneously from any satellite sensor: 1) green canopy leaf area index; 2) degree of shadowing; 3) presence of exposed soil and; 4) non-photosynthetic vegetation material. Airborne, field and modeling studies have shown that the optical reflectance continuum (400-2500 nm) contains sufficient information to derive estimates of each of these indicators. Our ongoing studies in the eastern Amazon basin also suggest that these four indicators are sensitive to logging intensity. Satellite-based estimates of these indicators should provide a means to quantify both the presence and degree of structural disturbance caused by various logging regimes.
Global Forest Cover Change Surface Reflectance Estimates Multi-Year Global 30m V001
The Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) archives and distributes Global Forest Cover Change (GFCC) data products through the NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments ([MEaSUREs](https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures)) Program. The GFCC Surface Reflectance Estimates Multi-Year Global dataset is derived from the enhanced Global Land Survey (GLS) datasets for epochs centered on the years 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010. The GLS datasets are composed of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images at 30 meter resolution. Data available for this product represent the best available "leaf-on" date during the peak growing season. The original GLS datasets were enhanced with supplemental Landsat images when data were incomplete for the epoch or inadequate for analysis due to acquisition during "leaf-off" seasons. The enhanced GLS data were acquired June 1984 through August 2011. Atmospheric corrections were applied to seven visible bands to estimate surface reflectance by compensating for the scattering and absorption of radiance by atmospheric conditions. GFCC30SR is a multi-file data product. The surface reflectance data products are used as source data for other datasets in the GFCC collection.For each available date, data files are delivered in a zip folder that consists of six surface reflectance bands, a Top of Atmosphere temperature band, an Atmospheric Opacity layer, and the Landsat Surface Reflectance Quality layer. Data follow the Worldwide Reference System-2 tiling scheme. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).
MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V061
The MOD09Q1 Version 6.1 product provides an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance of Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Bands 1 and 2, corrected for atmospheric conditions such as gasses, aerosols, and Rayleigh scattering. Provided along with the 250 meter (m) surface reflectance bands are two quality layers. For each pixel, a value is selected from all the acquisitions within the 8-day composite period. The criteria for the pixel choice include cloud and solar zenith. When several acquisitions meet the criteria the pixel with the minimum channel 3 (blue) value is used. Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=61).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017.* A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).
MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006
The MOD09Q1 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MOD09Q1 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD09Q1.061) data product.The MOD09Q1 Version 6 product provides an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance of Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Bands 1 and 2, corrected for atmospheric conditions such as gasses, aerosols, and Rayleigh scattering. Provided along with the 250 meter (m) surface reflectance bands are two quality layers. For each pixel, a value is selected from all the acquisitions within the 8-day composite period. The criteria for the pixel choice include cloud and solar zenith. When several acquisitions meet the criteria the pixel with the minimum channel 3 (blue) value is used. Known Issues* Striping due to a dead detector is noticeable for bands 5, 6, and 7 in scenes acquired February 24 through October 31, 2000. Corrections were implemented to reduce the striping in data acquired after November 1, 2000. Users should always check the band quality for dead detectors even though reflectance values may be in the valid range. * The Collection 6 MODIS Land Surface Reflectance product (MOD09) may [incorrectly flag retrievals as ‘High Aerosol’](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=86) over brighter surfaces and at higher view angles. This will impact the downstream MODIS BRDF/Albedo (MCD43) and Vegetation Index (MOD13 and MYD13) data products which use the aerosol quantity flag to screen out high aerosol values.* [Corrections](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/LSRHighAerosolFlagFinal.pdf) were implemented in Collection 6.1 reprocessing.* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Improvements to the aerosol retrieval and correction algorithm along with new aerosol retrieval look-up tables.* Refinements to the internal snow, cloud, and cloud shadow detection algorithms. Uses Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) database to better constrain the different threshold used.* Processes ocean bands to create a new Surface Reflectance Ocean product and provides Quality Assurance (QA) datasets for these bands.* Improved discrimination of salt pans from cloud and snow, along with the inclusion of a salt pan flag in the QA band.
SHIFT: AVIRIS-NG L2A Unrectified Surface Reflectance Version 1
This dataset contains Level 2A (L2A) unrectified surface reflectance images from NASA's Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument. This imagery was collected as part of the Surface Biology and Geology High-Frequency Time Series (SHIFT) campaign which occurred during February to May, 2022, with a follow up activity for one week in September. The SHIFT campaign leveraged NASA's AVIRIS-NG facility instrument to collect VSWIR data at approximately a weekly cadence across a broad study area, enabling traceability analyses related to the science value of VSWIR revisits. This campaign will generate precise, high-frequency data on plant communities collected over nearly 1,656 square kilometers across Santa Barbara County, California, US, and nearby coastal Pacific waters. AVIRIS-NG is a pushbroom spectral mapping system with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), designed and toleranced for high performance spectroscopy. AVIRIS-NG measures reflected radiance at 5-nm intervals in the Visible to Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR) spectral range from 380-2510 nm. The AVIRIS-NG sensor has a 1 milliradian instantaneous field of view, providing altitude dependent ground sampling distances from 20 m to sub-meter range. The AVIRIS-NG L2A data are provided in ENVI binary format, which includes a flat binary file accompanied by a header (.hdr) file holding metadata in text format.
VIIRS/NPP Surface Reflectance Daily L3 Global 0.05 Deg CMG NRT
TheVNP09CMG_NRT is a Near Real Time (NRT) daily surface reflectance Climate Modeling Grid Version 2 product which provides an estimate of land surface reflectance from the NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS sensor. Data are provided for three imagery bands (I1-I3) and nine moderate resolution bands (M1-M5, M7, M8, M10, M11) at 0.05 degree (~5,600 meter) resolution. The data are corrected for atmospheric conditions such as the effects of molecular gases, including ozone and water vapor, and for the effects of atmospheric aerosols. This product uses a weighted average of the best quality observation and is formatted as a CMG for use in climate simulation models. This product includes the twelve reflectance bands, five moderate resolution brightness temperature bands (M12-M16) and information layers representing relative azimuth angle, sensor zenith angle, solar zenith angle, reflectance band quality, time of day, and number mapping.Surface reflectance is obtained by adjusting top-of-atmosphere reflectance to compensate for atmospheric effects. Corrections are made for the effects of molecular gases, including ozone and water vapor, and for the effects of atmospheric aerosols. The inputs to the surface reflectance algorithm include top-of-atmosphere reflectance for the VIIRS visible bands (VNP02MOD, VNP02IMG), the VIIRS cloud mask and aerosol product (NPP-CMIP_L2), aerosol optical thickness (NPP_VAOTIP_L2, NPP_VAMIP_L2), and atmospheric data obtained from a reanalysis (surface pressure, atmospheric precipitable water, and ozone concentration).All surface reflectance products are produced for daytime conditions only. The product is produced under all atmospheric conditions except for night and oceans. Pixels when not produced are replaced by fill values in the Level-2 and Level-2G products.For more information read Suomi-NPP VIIRS Surface Reflectance User's Guide at https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/PDF/VIIRS_Surf_Refl_UserGuide_v2.0.pdfor visit VIIRS Land website at https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/Products/NASA/ReflectanceESDR.html
VIIRS/JPSS1 Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V002
The 8-day Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Surface Reflectance (VJ109H1) Version 2 composite product provides an estimate of land surface reflectance from the NOAA-20 VIIRS sensor for three imagery bands (I1, I2, I3) at nominal 500 meter resolution (~463 meter). The 500 meter dataset is derived through resampling the native 375 meter VIIRS resolution in the L2 input product. The data are corrected for atmospheric conditions such as the effects of molecular gases, including ozone and water vapor, and for the effects of atmospheric aerosols. Each pixel represents the best possible Level 2G observation during an 8-day period, which is selected on the basis of high observation coverage, low sensor angle, the absence of clouds or cloud shadow, and aerosol loading. The three reflectance bands, this product includes a state quality assurance (QA) layer and a reflectance band quality layer. Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=VIIRS) and in Section 4.0 of the User Guide.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Improved calibration algorithm and coefficients for entire NOAA-20 mission.* Improved geolocation accuracy and applied updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods.* Corrected the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter surfaces in the mid- to high-latitudes such as desert and tropical vegetation areas. This has an impact on the retrieval of other downstream data products such as VNP13 Vegetation Indices and VNP43 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo.* Improved cloud mask input product for corrections along coastlines and artifacts from use of coarse resolution climatology data. * Replaced the land/water mask input product with the eight-class land/water mask from the VNP03 geolocation product that better aligns with MODIS.* Added secondary day-night flag to improve retrieval of Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) values over daytime pixels.* More details can be found in this [VIIRS Land V2 Changes document](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/VIIRS_Land_C2_Changes_09152022.pdf).
GPM PR on TRMM Reflectivity, Precipitation Statistics, Histograms, at Surface and Fixed Heights, 1 month 5x5 and 0.25x0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3PR) at GES DISC
This is the new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. It replaces the old TRMM_3A25,3A26Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07.This is the GPM-like formatted TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) monthly gridded data, first released with the "V8" TRMM reprocessing. The TRMM radar Level 3 grids are now consistent with the GPM Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). The closest ancestor of this dataset was the monthly radar statistics 3A25.This product consists of monthly statistics of the PR measurements at 0.25x0.25 degrees, and monthly histograms and statistics at 5x5 degrees, horizontal resolution.The objective of the algorithm is to calculate various daily statistics from the level 2 PRoutput products. Four types of statistics are calculated:1. Probabilities of occurrence (count values)2. Means and standard deviations3. Histograms4. Correlation coefficientsIn all cases, the statistics are conditioned on the presence of rain or some other quantity suchas the presence of stratiform rain or the presence of a bright-band. For example, to computethe unconditioned mean rain rate, the conditional mean must be multiplied by the probabilityof rain which, in turn is calculated from the ratio of rain counts to the total number ofobservations in the box of interest.The grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure matching the Dual-frequency PR on the core GPM observatory that covers 67S to 67N degrees of latitudes. The low resolution 5x5 deg grid covers 70S to 70N. Areas beyond the ±40 degrees of latitudes are padded with empty grid cells.
AVIRIS-3 L2A Orthocorrected Surface Reflectance, Facility Instrument Collection
This dataset contains Level 2A (L2A) surface reflectance images from the Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-3 (AVIRIS-3) instrument. This is the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) facility instrument archive of these data. The NASA AVIRIS-3 is a spectral mapping system that measures reflected radiance at 7.4-nm intervals in the Visible to Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR) spectral range from 390-2500 nm. Surface hemispherical directional reflectance was derived from calibrated radiance using an optimal estimation algorithm. For each flight line, two file types are included: orthocorrected surface reflectance (RFL_ORT) and orthocorrected reflectance uncertainty (UNC_ORT) in netCDF format. Both file types include data projected in a UTM coordinate system. In addition, ancillary files for each flight line are provided, including a quick look image in GeoTIFF format and text files in YAML format that document processing algorithms and parameters used during production.
BioSCape: AVIRIS-NG L2B Enhanced Surface Reflectance
This dataset holds corrected surface reflectance (L2B) from the Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument flown on a NASA Gulfstream III aircraft during the Biodiversity Survey of the Cape (BioSCape) project. AVIRIS-NG imagery was acquired in October - November 2023 over the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR), South Africa. BioSCape is a multi-agency, NASA-led research project that integrates airborne imaging spectroscopy and lidar with a suite of measurements of biodiversity. L2B surface reflectance was derived from L1B radiance data in 425 bands, and this enhanced L2B product includes topographic, glint, and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) corrections. Data were georeferenced and projected into UTM coordinates. These files hold the original native ancillary information relevant to the image, as well as the ancillary masks used in the creation and parameterization of the topography, glint, and BRDF corrections applied to enhance these image products. The data are provided in netCDF format.
NPP/VIIRS Atmospherically Corrected Surface Reflectance 6-Min L2 Swath 375m, 750m NRT
The VNP09_NRT is a Near Real Time (NRT) S-NPP/VIIRS 375 m, 750 m Atmospherically Corrected Surface Reflectance product. The NPP/VIIRS surface reflectance products are estimates of surface reflectance in each of the VIIRS reflective bands I1-I3, M1-M5, M7, M8, M10, and M11. The VNP09 Level-2 surface reflectance product contains approximately 6 minutes' worth of data. Surface reflectance for each moderate-resolution (750m) or imagery-resolution (375m) pixel is retrieved separately for the Level-2 products.Surface reflectance is obtained by adjusting top-of-atmosphere reflectance to compensate for atmospheric effects. Corrections are made for the effects of molecular gases, including ozone and water vapor, and for the effects of atmospheric aerosols. The inputs to the surface reflectance algorithm include top-of-atmosphere reflectance for the VIIRS visible bands (VNP02MOD, VNP02IMG), the VIIRS cloud mask and aerosol product (NPP-CMIP_L2), aerosol optical thickness (NPP_VAOTIP_L2, NPP_VAMIP_L2), and atmospheric data obtained from a reanalysis (surface pressure, atmospheric precipitable water, and ozone concentration).All surface reflectance products are produced for daytime conditions only. The product is produced under all atmospheric conditions except for night and oceans. Pixels when not produced are replaced by fill values in the Level-2 and Level-2G products.file_naming_convention = "VNP09_NRT.AYYYYDDD.HHMM.VVV.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf AYYYYDDD = Acquisition Year and Day of Year HHMM = Hour and minute of acquisition VVV = Version number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time hdf = Hierarchical Data Format (version 4)For more information read Suomi-NPP VIIRS Surface Reflectance User's Guide at https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/PDF/VIIRS_Surf_Refl_UserGuide_v1.3.pdfor visit VIIRS Land website at https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html
SAFARI 2000 Surface Spectral Reflectance at Sua Pan, Botswana, Dry Season 2000
The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) Validation team was deployed to Sua Pan, a salt playa in the Magkadigkadi region of Botswana, from August 18 to September 4, 2000, during the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Aircraft Campaign. The experiment was designed to collect data necessary for multi-angle top-of-atmosphere radiance predictions in order to provide a vicarious calibration of the MISR instrument aboard the Terra satellite. Reported here are ground-based reflectance measurements collected using an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) spectroradiometer at Sua Pan and adjacent grassland targets. The grasslands provided large homogeneous areas for comparison of scale between ground measurements and remote sensing results.Data files contain numeric values that represent mean reflectance over space (grassland) or wavelength range (pan), stored as ASCII files, one file per site, in comma-separated-value (.csv) format, with column headers. The Sua Pan data, collected over a 1 km x 2 km area, are presented as rows of mean reflectance (every 10 nm) for 20 points, where the mean represents the average local reflectance spectra collected within 150 m of the given latitude and longitude. The grassland data cover a 1 km2 area and are provided every nm from 1 to 2500. Each row of data contains a mean and standard deviation at a given wavelength, where the mean represents the average of 570 measurements taken over the 1 km2 area.Related data sets from Sua Pan provide ground measurements of BRDF, and LAI and FPAR (Helmlinger et al., 2004 and Buermann and Helmlinger, 2004, respectively).
VIIRS/NPP Surface Reflectance Daily L3 Global 0.05 Deg CMG V001
The VNP09CMG VIIRS Version 1 data product was decommissioned on April 8th, 2025. Users are encouraged to use Version 2 data products, which provide [better calibration and consistency](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/VIIRS_Land_C2_Changes_09152022.pdf) for the end user. VIIRS Version 2 data products are available from both the SNPP ([VNP09CMG](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP09CMG.002)) and NOAA-20 ([VJ109CMG]( https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VJ109CMG.002)) satellites.The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) daily surface reflectance Climate Modeling Grid (VNP09CMG) Version 1 product provides an estimate of land surface reflectance from the NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) VIIRS sensor. Data are provided for three imagery bands (I1-I3) and nine moderate resolution bands (M1-M5, M7, M8, M10, M11) at 0.05 degree (~5,600 meter) resolution. The data are corrected for atmospheric conditions such as the effects of molecular gases, including ozone and water vapor, and for the effects of atmospheric aerosols. This product uses a weighted average of the best quality observation and is formatted as a CMG for use in climate simulation models. This product includes the twelve reflectance bands, five moderate resolution brightness temperature bands (M12-M16) and information layers representing relative azimuth angle, sensor zenith angle, solar zenith angle, reflectance band quality, time of day, and number mapping. Known Issues* The VIIRS Land Surface Reflectance product (VNP09) may incorrectly flag retrievals as 'High Aerosol' over brighter surfaces and at higher view angles. This will impact the downstream VIIRS BRDF/Albedo (VNP43) and Vegetation Index (VNP13) data products which use the aerosol quantity flag to screen out high aerosol values.* Corrections will be implemented in Collection 2 reprocessing in 2022. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=VIIRS) and in Section 4.0 "Caveats and Known Problems" of the User Guide.
Delta-X: In Situ Water Surface Reflectance across MRD, LA, USA, 2021, V3
This dataset includes above water measurements of remote-sensing reflectance measured in situ at field sampling stations during the Delta-X 2021 field efforts. Measurements were collected in the Atchafalaya River and Terrebonne Basins on the southern coast of Louisiana from 2021-03-25 to 2021-04-22 (spring) and from 2021-08-14 to 2021-09-24 (fall). Field sampling was paused on 2021-08-25 and resumed on 2021-09-13 due to the landfall of Hurricane Ida on 2021-08-26 approximately 70 km east of the study site. Water quality changes caused by the hurricane were expected to be minimal. Reflectance was measured near-simultaneously with collection of field samples and in-water sediment parameters in multiple channels of varying width (from a few meters to >100 m), near Delta-X intensive study sites, in open bays and lakes, and at a few locations in the nearshore Gulf of Mexico. For each in situ collection, a handheld Portable SpectroRadiometer (PSR-1100f, Spectral Evolution) was used to measure radiance from: (a) a highly reflective (>99% reflectance) Lambertian Spectralon panel (b) from the sky, measured at 40 degrees from the solar zenith and at 135 degrees from the sun azimuthal plane, (c) from the water, measured at 40 degrees from nadir and at 135 degrees from the sun azimuthal plane. These measurements were used to calculate remote-sensing reflectance and the water-leaving radiance relative to downwelling irradiance, including a correction for the influence of reflected skylight. In Version 3, the data files with this dataset replace and update the data files in Version 2. A minor update was made to the code used to calculate the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). These data are provided in comma-separated values (.csv) format.
MODIS/Aqua Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006
The MYD09A1 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MYD09A1 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD09A1.061) data product.The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua MYD09A1 Version 6 product provides an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance of Aqua MODIS Bands 1 through 7 corrected for atmospheric conditions such as gasses, aerosols, and Rayleigh scattering. Along with the seven 500 meter (m) reflectance bands are a quality variable and four observation bands. For each pixel, a value is selected from all the acquisitions within the 8-day composite period. The criteria for the pixel choice include cloud and solar zenith. When several acquisitions meet the criteria the pixel with the minimum channel 3 (blue) value is used.Known Issues* The Collection 6 MODIS Land Surface Reflectance product (MYD09) may [incorrectly flag retrievals as ‘High Aerosol’](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=174) over brighter surfaces and at higher view angles. This will impact the downstream MODIS BRDF/Albedo (MCD43) and Vegetation Index (MOD13 and MYD13) data products which use the aerosol quantity flag to screen out high aerosol values.* [Corrections](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/LSRHighAerosolFlagFinal.pdf) were implemented in Collection 6.1 reprocessing.* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Aqua&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Improvements to the aerosol retrieval and correction algorithm along with new aerosol retrieval look-up tables.* Refinements to the internal snow, cloud, and cloud shadow detection algorithms. Uses Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) database to better constrain the different threshold used.* Processes ocean bands to create a new Surface Reflectance Ocean product and provides Quality Assurance (QA) datasets for these bands.* Improved discrimination of salt pans from cloud and snow, along with the inclusion of a salt pan flag in the QA band.
AVIRIS-NG L2 Surface Reflectance, Facility Instrument Collection, V1
This dataset contains Level 2 (L2) orthocorrected reflectance from the Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument. This is the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) facility instrument archive of these data. The AVIRIS-NG is a pushbroom spectral mapping system with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), designed and toleranced for high performance spectroscopy. AVIRIS-NG measures reflected radiance at 5-nm intervals in the Visible to Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR) spectral range from 380-2510 nm. The AVIRIS-NG sensor has a 1 milliradian instantaneous field of view, providing altitude dependent ground sampling distances from 20 m to sub-meter range. For each flight line, two types of L2 data files may be included: (a) calibrated surface reflectance and (b) water vapor and optical absorption paths for liquid water and ice. The L2 data are provided in ENVI format, which includes a flat binary file accompanied by a header (.hdr) file holding metadata in text format. The AVIRIS-NG is flown on a variety of aircraft platforms including the Twin Otter, the King Air B-200, and NASA's high altitude ER-2. This archive currently includes data from 2014 - 2022. Additional AVIRIS-NG facility instrument L2 data will be added as they become available. The AVIRIS-NG supports NASA Science and applications in many areas including plant composition and function, geology and soils, greenhouse gas mapping, and calibration of orbital platforms.
GPM PR on TRMM Reflectivity, Precipitation Statistics, Histograms, at Surface and Fixed Heights, Ascending, 1 day 5x5 and 0.25x0.25 degree V07 (GPM_3PR_ASC) at GES DISC
This a new (GPM-formated) TRMM product. There is no equivalent in the old TRMM suite of products.Version 07 is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and have been superseded by Version 07.This product consists of Ascending daily statistics of the PR measurements at both a low (5 degrees x 5 degrees) and a high (0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees) horizontal resolution. The low resolution grids are in the Planetary Grid 1 structure and include 1) mean and standard deviation of the rain rate, reflectivity, path-integrated attenuation (PIA), storm height, Xi, bright band height and the NUBF (Non-Uniform Beam Filling) correction; 2) rain fractions; 3) histograms of the storm height, bright-band height, snow-ice layer, reflectivity, rain rate, path-attenuation and NUBF correction; 4) correlation coefficients. The high resolution grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure and contain mean rain rate along with standard deviation and rain fractions.The grids are in the Planetary Grid 2 structure matching the Dual-frequency PR on the core GPM observatory that covers 67S to 67N degrees of latitudes. The low resolution 5x5 deg grid covers 70S to 70N. Areas beyond the ±40 degrees of latitudes are padded with empty grid cells.
GPM PR on TRMM Reflectivity, Precipitation Characteristics and Rate, at Surface and Profile L2 1.5 hours V07 (GPM_2APR) at GES DISC
This is the new, GPM-like, format for TRMM Precipitation Radar L2 data that now incorporates what was known as 2A21, 2A23 and 2A25 datasets.The primary purpose of 2A21 is to compute the path-integrated attenuation (PIA) using the surface reference technique (SRT). The surface reference technique rests on the assumption that the difference between the measurements of the normalized surface cross section outside and within the rain provides an estimate of the PIA. The secondary purpose of 2A21 is to compute the normalized radar cross sections ("sigma-not" or Normalized Radar Cross-Sectin (NRTS)) of the surface under rain-free conditions. Main objectives of 2A23 are as follows:(a) Detection of bright band (BB) and determination of the height of BB, thestrength of BB, and the width (i.e. thickness) of BB when BB exists.(b) Classification of rain type into the following three categories:- stratiform, - convective, - other,where "other" means (ice) cloud only and/or maybe noise. (c) Detection of shallow isolated and shallow non-isolated. (d) Output of Rain/No-rain flag. (e) Computation of the estimated height of freezing level. (f) Output of the height of storm top. The objectives of 2A25 are to correct for the rain attenuation in measured radar reflectivity (Zm) and to estimate the instantaneous three-dimensional distribution of rain from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) data. The estimated vertical profiles of attenuation-corrected radar reflectivity factor (Ze) and rainfall rate (R) are given at each resolution cell of the PR. The estimated rainfall rate at the actual surface height and the average rainfall rate between the two predefined altitudes (2 and 4 km) are also calculated for each beam position.Changes in horizontal resolution resulting from the TRMM boost that occurred on 24 August 2001:Pre-Boost (before 7 August 2001): Temporal Resolution: 91.5 min/orbit ~ 16 orbits/day; Swath Width: 215 km; Horizontal Resolution: 4.3 km Post-Boost (after 24 August 2001): Temporal Resolution: 92.5 min/orbit ~ 16 orbits/day; Swath Width: 247 km; Horizontal Resolution: 5.0 km
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.