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Figure 14 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 14. Articular movement of the pteroid. A, lateral view of the right distal syncarpal, medial carpal, and pteroid of Coloborhynchus robustus, with the carpopteroid joint positioned at maximum extension (pteroid at maximum elevation), showing the position of the joint axis. The pteroid points forwards and downwards 15° below the horizontal. B, (A) in dorsal view, also showing the radius, ulna, proximal syncarpal, and wing metacarpal, with all joints in their respective close-packed positions. C, (A) in anterior view. D, lateral view of the wrist, with the carpopteroid joint partially flexed (pteroid at maximum depression). The pteroid points downwards 50° below the horizontal. E, dorsal view of (D). F, anterior view of (D). The pteroid is beginning to swing medially, towards the body. G, Lateral view of the wrist, with the carpopteroid joint at maximum flexion. H, dorsal view of (G), with the pteroid apparently pointing medially. I, anterior view of (G), showing the true ventromedial orientation of the pteroid at maximum flexion. The pteroid points downwards 25° below the horizontal. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 3 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 3. Reconstruction of the axial skeleton and left wing of Anhanguera santanae in dorsal view (A), and a virtual fleshed-out reconstruction of the axial skeleton and right wing in ventral (B), and anterior (C) views. Principal limb bones are laid out end-to-end. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1. Scale bar: 500 mm.
Figure 4 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 4. Linear scatter plots of log-transformed length measurements of the long bones of selected ornithocheirid specimens from the Santana Formation. A, scapula. B, humerus. C, radius. D, wing-metacarpal. E, wing-finger phalanx 1. F, wing-finger phalanx 2. G, wing-finger phalanx 3. H, femur. I, tibiotarsus.
Figure 6 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 6. Diagrammatic anterior view of the left pectoral girdle of a typical ornithocheirid. For a list of anatomical/ arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 28 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 28. As in Fig. 27, but with the humeri at the limit of depression and protraction, and the elbows set 10° short of the limit of flexion. Scale bar: 500 mm.
Figure 12 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 12. Reconstruction of the right wrist of Coloborhynchus robustus in dorsal view according to descriptions provided by Bennett (2001, 2006), with a sesamoid bone within the distal cotyle of the medial carpal, and the pteroid articulating on the side of the medial carpal. The postulated trajectory of the wing-finger metacarpal extensor tendon, in which the sesamoid is embedded, is also shown. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1. Scale bar: 50 mm.
Figure 20 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 20. Methods of achieving longitudinal balance and positive stability without a tail. A, sweepback coupled with washout. The aft-situated tips are at a negative incidence with respect to the forward-situated wing root. B, reflex camber.
Figure 16. A in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 16. A, reconstructed articular surfaces of the right knuckle joint of Coloborhynchus robustus. Elements are oriented as in Figure 7: wing metacarpal in lateral view and wing-finger phalanx 1 in medial view. Scale bar: 50 mm. B, diagrammatic representation of (A), showing contact areas in the close-packed position and the joint axis. C, right wing metacarpal and wing-finger phalanx 1 in the close-packed position in dorsal aspect, viewed along the joint axis. D, Right wing metacarpal and wing-finger phalanx 1 at maximum flexion in dorsal aspect, viewed along the joint axis, which remains fixed with respect to the wing metacarpal throughout flexion. E, cross section X–X′ of the wing metacarpal viewed medially, with the proximal end of wing-finger phalanx 1 behind, and with the knuckle joint at maximum extension. F, Cross section X–X′ of the wing metacarpal viewed medially, with the proximal end of wing-finger phalanx 1 viewed from behind, with the knuckle joint at maximum flexion. The broken line indicates the position that wing-finger phalanx 1 would take if no conjunct rotation took place during flexion: this position is impossible, as the posterior part of the articular head of wing-finger phalanx 1 would overlap the shaft of the wing metacarpal. For a list of anatomical/ arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
Figure 17 in Three-dimensional geometry of a pterosaur wing skeleton, and its implications for aerial and terrestrial locomotion
Figure 17. Three-dimensional virtual model of Anhanguera santanae, showing the positions and orientations of the principal joint axes of the limbs. For a list of anatomical/arthrological abbreviations, see Appendix 1.
One-dimensional non-LTE time-dependent radiative transfer of an He-detonation model and the connection to faint and fast-decaying supernovae
<p>Model spectra from <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.447.1370D">Dessart & Hillier 2015, MNRAS, 447, 1370</a></p>
Supplemental data for: Three-dimensional kinematics of euchelicerate limbs uncover functional specialisation in eurypterid appendages
<p>Sea scorpions (Eurypterida; Euchelicerata) explored the extreme limits of the aquatic euchelicerate body plan. Indeed, the group contains the largest known marine euarthropods. Inferences on eurypterid life modes—in particular walking and eating—are commonly made by comparing the group to horseshoe crabs (Xiphosura; Euchelicerata). However, no models have been presented to test these <span>hypotheses</span>. Here, we reconstruct prosomal appendages of two exceptionally well-preserved eurypterids <i>Eurypterus tetragonophthalmus</i> and <i>Pentecopterus decorahensis </i>and kinematically model the flexure and extension of these appendages in 3D. We compare these models to 3D kinematic models of <i>Limulus polyphemus</i> prosomal appendages. This comparison highlights that the examined eurypterid prosomal appendages could not have effectively moved prey items to the gnathal edges, and therefore would not have emulated the motion of a <i>L. polyphemus</i> walking leg. It seems that these eurypterid appendages were primarily used to walk or grab prey and other appendages would have moved prey for mastication. Such 3D kinematic modelling highlights how eurypterid appendage morphologies placed substantial limits on their function, suggesting a high degree of specialisation, especially when compared to horseshoe crabs. 3D kinematic modelling of these extinct groups also presents an innovative approach to understanding the position of these animals within their respective paleoecosystems.</p>
Data files for "Stripe correlations in the two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model" by S. Karakuzu et al.
<p>Data files for the manuscript "Stripe correlations in the two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model" by S. Karakuzu et al. To appear in Communications Physics. Preprint available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15464 (2022).</p> <p>This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award Number<br> DE-SC0022311.</p>
Three-dimensional dataset of hydrating cement paste (CEM I Ladce, 391 m^2/kg Blaine, w/c=0.35) in TIFF format
<p>A detailed description of this dataset can be found in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.108903">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.108903.</a></p> <p>This dataset contains a collection of digitized three-dimensional hardened cement paste microstructures obtained from X-ray micro-computed tomography, screened after approx. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days of elapsed hydration at 20˚C in saturated conditions. Each paste specimen had a cylindrical shape (with a diameter of ~1 mm) and was screened at a designated time (as specified in the file name, e.g. “t23hrs”=23 hours of elapsed hydration) and finally saved as an uncompressed and unprocessed *.tif greyscale image data file in 16-bit image depth (as unsigned integers) using a little-endian byte sequence.</p> <p>The dataset contains two sets of images:</p> <p>- “full-sized” digital images stored in a three-dimensional voxel-based matrix with a fixed size of 1100x1100x1100 voxels, denoted as “CEM_I_Ladce_*” in the file name; each file size amounts to ~2.5 GB and contains the whole screened specimen with a variable voxel size in the range 1.0913 − 1.1174 µm depending on the particular specimen (as specified in the file name, e.g. “1d1174um”=1.1174 µm/voxel)</p> <p>- smaller image subvolumes, denoted as Region Of Interest (ROI), extracted from the interior of the full-sized specimen from an arbitrary location, and denoted as “filteredROI_*” in the file name; this cropped ROI has a cubic shape and stores a three-dimensional voxel-based matrix with a fixed size of 500x500x500 µm<sup>3</sup> constituted by a variable voxel count (given the fluctuating voxel size for each specimen, see above). Both the exact voxel count (i.e. three-dimensional matrix dimensions) and voxel size are further specified in each file name. A sequence of imaging filters was sequentially applied to this ROI to further enhance the contrast among the different microstructural phases, see <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104798">10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104798</a> for details.</p> <p>Note that the same dataset stored in *raw format is available from <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7193501">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7193501</a></p>
The m-Dimensional Spatial Nyquist Limit Using the Wave Telescope for Larger Numbers of Spacecraft Dataset
<p>Dataset for: The m-Dimensional Spatial Nyquist Limit Using the Wave Telescope for Larger Numbers of Spacecraft. Includes model results of 2D and 3D modelling. </p>
Simulation code in "Induced polarization of metal grains: simulation of three-dimensional electric field"
<p>The simulation code for induced polarization of metal grains in three-dimensional field.</p>
Methylation haplotypes of the insulin gene promoter in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: could a dimensionality reduction approach predict the disease?
<p>The aim of the present study was to identify insulin gene promoter (IGP) methyl-haplotypes among children and adolescents with T1D and suggest a predictive model for the discrimination of cases and controls according to methyl-haplotypes. Fourty individuals (20 T1D) participated. IGP-region from peripheral whole blood DNA of 40 participants (20 T1D) was sequenced by next generation sequencing, sequences were read using FASTQ files, and methylation status was calculated by python-based pipeline for targeted deep bisulfite sequenced amplicons (ampliMethProfiler). Methylation profile at 10 CpG sites proximal to transcription start site of the IGP was recorded and coded as 0 for unmethylation or 1 for methylation. A single read could result in “1111111111” methyl-haplotype (all methylated), “000000000” methyl-haplotype (all unmethylated) or any other combination.</p>
Dataset and Code for the Paper "Reinforced Active Learning for CVD-Grown Two-Dimensional Materials Characterization"
<p>This repository contains the original data and code for the paper titled as "Reinforced Active Learning for CVD-Grown Two-Dimensional Materials Characterization" published on <em>IISE Transactions</em>.</p>
Datasets for "Generic and Robust Localization of Multi-Dimensional Root Causes"
<p>Datasets <code>A, B0, B1, B2, B3, B4, D</code> in Table VII. The ground truth root cause sets are in <code>injection_info.csv</code> in each subfolder.</p> <p>The official GitHub repo is <a href="https://github.com/NetManAIOps/Squeeze">NetManAIOps/Squeeze: ISSRE 2019: Generic and Robust Localization of Multi-Dimensional Root Cause (github.com)</a></p>
Fig. 3 in Global metabolome analysis of Dunaliella tertiolecta, Phaeobacter italicus R11 Co-cultures using thermal desorption - Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography - Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-TOFMS)
Fig. 3. Example Total Ion Current (TIC) chromatograms from each sample class.
Fig. 4 in Analysis of Water-Soluble Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in the Encystment Process of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 and Cytoskeletal Dynamics
Fig. 4. NIH image analyses of CBB-stained α-tubulin spots of gels (closed circles) separated by 2-D PAGE of water-insoluble fraction (So- game et al. 2014b), CBB-stained β-tubulin fragment spots of gels (p19 in Fig. 2, open circles) contained in water-soluble fraction, and total α-tubulin immunoblotting bands (open squares) (Fig. 3) of C. cucullus Nag-1. Ordinate indicates integrated optical density (IOD) reflecting relative protein amounts. Abscissa indicates the time lapse after onset of encystment induction.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.