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opennotspecifiedFeb 2014View details →

FIGURE 2. Chusquea argentina anatomical characters. A in Revalidation of Chusquea argentina (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) on the basis of morphological, anatomical and phenological characters

FIGURE 2. Chusquea argentina anatomical characters. A. Culm cross section showing epidermis, hypodermis, peripheral and transitional vascular bundles. B. Central vascular bundles. C. Culm epidermis, general view with stomata. D. Leaf blade cross section, developed midrib, projecting abaxially. E. Leaf margin with pointed cap of sclerenchyma. F. Leaf margin with rounded cap of sclerenchyma G. Leaf blade abaxial epidermis, leaf margin and macrohair. H. Leaf blade abaxial epidermis, general view. Abbreviations: Bc, bulliform cells; Lm, leaf margin; Mr, midrib; Mx, metaxylem; Pe, peripheral vascular bundle; Ph, phloem; Pr, prickle hair; St, stomata; Tr, transitional vascular bundle. Scale bars = 200 µm for A and G, 100 µm for B, D–F, 50 µm for H and 20 µm for C.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of the Calceolaria tripartita s. l. species complex (Calceolariaceae) using multivariate analyses of morphological characters

FIGURE 1. Bivariate scatter plot formed by the two first components of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of 14 characters (A) and 9 floral characters (B) from 190 specimens representing all taxa included in the Calceolaria tripartita complex and C. aquatica. Each point represents one specimen; filled symbols indicate specimens with only one anther theca fertile, empty symbols indicate specimens with both thecae fertile. Ellipses indicate species hypothesis. The different stamen morphologies found in each group are also shown in B.

FIGURE 4 in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy

FIGURE 4. Seeds of Calycogonium apleurum, Calycogonium grisebachii, and Tetrazygia brachycentra. A–B. Calycogonium apleurum. C–D. Calycogonium grisebachii. E–F. Tetrazygia brachycentra. (scale bars A, C, E=100 µm; B=200 µm; D, F=10 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).

FIGURE 3. Seed Types III–V.Type III.A–B. Calycogonium angulatum.C–D. Calycogonium domatiatum.Type IV in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy

FIGURE 3. Seed Types III–V.Type III.A–B. Calycogonium angulatum.C–D. Calycogonium domatiatum.Type IV: E. Calycogonium saxicola. F. Tetrazygia lanceolata. G. Tetrazygia eleagnoides. H. Tetrazygia bicolor. Type V: I. Calycogonium pseudofloribundum. J. Calycogonium revolutum. K. Pachyanthus discolor, detail of testa. L. Calycogonium cocoense detail of testa. (scale bars A, C, E–G, =100 µm; I–J, =500 µm; B, D, K–L=10 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).

FIGURE 4 in Revision of the Calceolaria tripartita s. l. species complex (Calceolariaceae) using multivariate analyses of morphological characters

FIGURE 4. Calceolaria aquatica (A) showing stamen morphology (B) and node of leaf petiole without wing (C). Calceolaria rivularis (D) showing stamen morphology (E) and winged node of the petiole (F). Calceolaria tripartita (G) showing two of the most common stamen morphologies (H, I), black arrow indicates connective's protuberance. All photos were taken by the author.

FIGURE 2 in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy

FIGURE 2. Seed Types IIa, IIb, III. Type IIa:A–B. Miconia baracoensis. C. Pachyanthus monocephalus. D. Calycogonium clidemiodes. Type IIb: E–G. Miconia uninervis. Type III: H.Calycogonium glabratum. I. Miconia moensis. J. Pachyanthus pedicellatus. K–L. Calycogonium rhamnoideum. (scale bars A, C–F, =500 µm; H–K= 100 µm; B,G, L=10 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).

FIGURE 1 in Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy

FIGURE 1. Seed Types Ia, Ib.Type Ia: A. Calycogonium reticulatum. B. Clidemia cf. wrightii. C. Clidemia cf. barbeyana. D. Calycogonium heterophyllum, detail of testa. Type Ib: E. Calycogonium hispidulum. F–G. Calycogonium tetragonolobum. (scale bars A–C, E–G=100 µm; D=20 µm; for voucher information see appendix 1).

FIGURE 2 in Revision of the Calceolaria tripartita s. l. species complex (Calceolariaceae) using multivariate analyses of morphological characters

FIGURE 2. Bivariate scatter graph of connective length (x) vs. node wing width (y) of 84 specimens assigned to Calceolaria tripartita s.s. and C. chelidonioides. Arrows on the drawings indicate how these two characters were measured.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the Calceolaria tripartita s. l. species complex (Calceolariaceae) using multivariate analyses of morphological characters

FIGURE 3. Bivariate scatter plot formed by the two first components of the PCA of 13 characters from 95 specimens assigned to Calceolaria tripartita s.s. Each point corresponds to a single specimen; shape of the symbols indicates country of origin (see legend); filled circles indicate different specimens from a single population in SE Peru.

opennotspecifiedAug 2014View details →

FIGURE 3 in Studies on Wrightoporia from China 3. Wrightoporia subavellanea sp. nov. based on morphological characters and rDNA sequence data

FIGURE 3. Strict consensus tree illustrating the phylogeny of Wrightoporia subavellanea and its related species generated by maximum parsimony based on ITS+nLSU sequences. Parsimony bootstrap values (before the slash markers) higher than 50% and bayesian posterior probabilities (after the slash markers) more than 0.95 were indicated along branches.

opennotspecifiedAug 2014View details →

FIGURE 2 in Studies on Wrightoporia from China 3. Wrightoporia subavellanea sp. nov. based on morphological characters and rDNA sequence data

FIGURE 2. Microscopic structures of Wrightoporia subavellanea (Dai 11484). a Basidiospores. b Basidia and basidioles. c Cystidioles. d Hyphae from trama. e Hyphae from subiculum.

opennotspecifiedOct 2014View details →

FIGURE 5 in Enabling comparisons of characters using an Xper2 based knowledge-base of fern morphology

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic character written in the required syntax. The first "Echantillonnage" (i.e., sampling) section indicates the taxa included in the analysis. The second "Representation-3ia" section gives the list of phylogenetic characters labeled with a number between square brackets (e.g., [1]). Hierarchical characters are given in parenthetical syntax. Each state is composed of two numbers: the first is the descriptor label in the Xper² knowledge base (e.g., 59 stands for the "cauline symmetry" descriptor), the second is the descriptor state (e.g., 59:0 stands for the "0: radial" state of the 59th descriptor).

opennotspecifiedOct 2014View details →

FIGURE 4. Interactive identification key. A in Enabling comparisons of characters using an Xper2 based knowledge-base of fern morphology

FIGURE 4. Interactive identification key. A: List of descriptors sorted according to their discriminant power. B: Definition of the selected descriptor. C: List of states for the selected descriptor. D: Illustration of the different descriptor states. E: List of the discarded taxa during the process of identification. F: List of the remaining taxa, still candidate to be identified. G: Identified taxon displayed at the end of the identification process.

opennotspecifiedOct 2014View details →

FIGURE 1 in Enabling comparisons of characters using an Xper2 based knowledge-base of fern morphology

FIGURE 1. Descriptions provided as interactive windows thanks to Xper² interface. A: List of taxa. B: Taxon complementary data (e.g., author's name). C: Descriptive model (i.e., list of characters with parent-child relationships). D: Definition and reference of the character, ontology ID for major concepts and related terms. E: Summary of the parent-child relationships for the character. F: List of Character states with the value(s) selected for each taxon (including unknown data). G: Character state complementary data (e.g., illustration).

opennotspecifiedMay 2011View details →

Fig. 1 in Phylogeny of Celastraceae subfamily Hippocrateoideae inferred from morphological characters and nuclear and plastid loci

Fig. 1. Simultaneous-analysis parsimony JK tree of all morphological and molecular characters with parsimony JK values above each branch, and likelihood BS values (for the matrix of all nucleotide characters) below each branch. Clades in the parsimony JK tree that were contradicted by clades in the likelihood BS tree are indicated by XX, with BS support for the highest contradictory likelihood clade listed.

Figure 6. Cyclostome protoecial pseudopore patterns mapped onto a in Ancestrular morphology in cyclostome bryozoans and the quest for phylogenetically informative skeletal characters

Figure 6. Cyclostome protoecial pseudopore patterns mapped onto a molecular phylogeny. Numbers correspond to the patterns defined in the text (no species of Pattern 2 have been sequenced to date). Brackets signify that the pattern has been observed in a congener of the sequenced species and 'iw' an interior walled protoecium, which cannot have pseudopores. Diagrammatic figures of the patterns are shown next to the pattern numbers. Pattern 1 has been assigned to sequenced Crisia spp. based upon observations of a congener (Crisia eburnea) from the literature (Nielsen 1970; Silén 1977). The outgroup taxon for this phylogeny, based on Taylor, Waeschenbach, et al. (2015), is the phylactolaemate Pectinatella magnifica which lacks a mineralized skeleton and therefore a protoecium. Tree topology generated from Bayesian analysis of a concatenated lsrDNA and ssrDNA dataset. All nodes with <0.95 posterior probability were collapsed. See Taylor, Waeschenbach, et al. (2015) for full details.

Figure 5 in Ancestrular morphology in cyclostome bryozoans and the quest for phylogenetically informative skeletal characters

Figure 5. Patterns of protoecial pseudopore distribution represented diagrammatically using simplified drawings of ancestrula in which the pseudopores are shown as small black dots on the protoecium and the aperture of the ancestrula is the black circle at the distal end. The eight recognized patterns are depicted around the circumference of a pie chart showing their relative abundances among 74 species of cyclostomes (51 Recent and 23 fossil).

Figure 2. Cyclostome protoecia showing Pattern 1 in Ancestrular morphology in cyclostome bryozoans and the quest for phylogenetically informative skeletal characters

Figure 2. Cyclostome protoecia showing Pattern 1 in which there are no pseudopores on the protoecium (the irregularly distributed holes in (d) are microborings). (a) Filicrisia geniculata, Wembury, Devon, UK; the erect ancestrular tube and two lateral buds have articulated joints with the protoecium and sparse, elongate pseudopores. (b) Lichenoporid?, Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. (c) Tubulipora occidentalis, Pacific Grove, California, USA; note radial ridges on protoecium. (d) Platonea sp. 1, Otago Shelf, NZ; the irregularly distributed holes in the protoecium are interpreted as microborings. (e) Stomatopora sp. 1, Jurassic, Bathonian, Somerset, UK; the coarse, pseudoporous wall of the distal ancestrular tube contrasts with the smooth, non-pseudoporous protoecium. (f) Oncousoecia sp., Jurassic, Upper Callovian, Oxfordshire, UK; note plugged pseudopores on the distal ancestrular tube. Scale bars: 100 µm.

Figure 4. Cyclostome protoecia showing Pattern 6 in Ancestrular morphology in cyclostome bryozoans and the quest for phylogenetically informative skeletal characters

Figure 4. Cyclostome protoecia showing Pattern 6 (a, b), Pattern 7 (c, d) and Pattern 8 (e, f). (a) Diaperoecia purpurascens, Whangaroa Harbour, New Zealand. (b) 'Heteropora' neozelanica, Spirits Bay, New Zealand. (c) Annectocyma major, English Channel, UK; central part of protoecium is damaged. (d) Stomatopora cf. dichotomoides, Jurassic, Bathonian, Somerset, UK. (e) Crisulipora occidentalis, Long Beach, California, USA; the pseudopores in this species are occluded by perforated plates, making them less clearly visible. (f) Cinctipora elegans, Otago Shelf, New Zealand.

Figure 1 in Ancestrular morphology in cyclostome bryozoans and the quest for phylogenetically informative skeletal characters

Figure 1. Cyclostome protoecia with interior-walled calcification. Disporella hispida, Stoke Point, Devon, UK. (a) Protoecium with narrow band of exterior wall surrounding an area of pustulose interior wall. (b) Crenulated ridge separating exterior- and interior-walled calcification of another protoecium. Hornera?robusta, Otago Shelf, NZ. (c) Juvenile colony with new zooids formed directly on the ancestrular surface. (d–f) Protoecium of irregularly porous, pustulose interior-walled calcification with erect distal ancestrular tube. Scale bars: 100 µm, except (e) which is 50 µm.