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Fig. 1. SNU5 in Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of Swertia petiolata against gastric cancer cell line SNU-5 is via induction of apoptosis ⁎

Fig. 1. SNU5 cells were treated with indicated concentration of methanolic extract of S. petiolata for 48 h. The extract-treated SNU5 cells showed nuclear condensation and marked fragmented in a dose dependent manner.

Fig. 8 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 8. Chlorophyll (A) and carotenoid (B) contents (mg/g FW) in pea shoots developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl.The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 10 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 10. Total flavonoid content (mg QE/g FW) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) pea seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 11 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 11. Total precipitable alkaloids content (mg PAHE/g FW) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) pea seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 7 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 7. Sodium (a), potassium (b), and phosphor (c) content (in %) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in shoots developed from P and NP seeds, in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 3 in Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of Swertia petiolata against gastric cancer cell line SNU-5 is via induction of apoptosis ⁎

Fig. 3. Cells were treated with different concentrations (a) control (b) 50 (c) 100 and (d) 150 μg/ml of extract for 48 h wherein apoptosis enhanced in a dose dependent manner as shown by flow cytometer using Annexin V/PI.

Fig. 4 in Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of Swertia petiolata against gastric cancer cell line SNU-5 is via induction of apoptosis ⁎

Fig. 4. Production of ROS (%) SNU-5 cells treated with indicated concentration of methanolic extract of plant for 48 h. The S. petiolata methanolic extract-treated SNU5 cells showed the production of reactive oxygen species generated in a dose dependent manner.

Fig. 7 in Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of Swertia petiolata against gastric cancer cell line SNU-5 is via induction of apoptosis ⁎

Fig. 7. Structures of the compounds tentatively identified from the methanolic extract of S. petiolata, (i) Chlorogenic acid (ii) p-Coumaric acid (iii) Ursolic acid (iv) Myrecetin 3-O- rahamnoside (v) Quercetin 3-arabinoside (vi) Kaempherol 3-O-glucoside (vii) Naringenin (viii) Genistein (ix) Isorhamnetin (x) Swerchirin.

Fig. 5 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 5. Proline content (μmol/g DW) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds,in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 6 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 6. Total soluble sugars content (mg/g FW) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds, in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 3 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 3. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (U/g FW) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds, in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 2 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 2. Electrolyte leakage (%) of (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) and pea roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations, after an immersion of 24 and 48 h in distilled water. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 7 in Ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves: Chemical characterization and cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line

Fig. 7. Agarose gel electrophoresis of MCF-7 cell genomic DNA. 1, ladder marker; 2, negative control; 3, cyclophosphamide (CP)-treated; 4–7, ethanolic extracts of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves (EEM) in different concentrations (5.0; 20.0; 160.0 and 320.0 μg/mL). The results are representative of three independent experiments carried out in the same conditions. DNA ladder formation indicates apoptosis as seen in lanes 3–7.

Fig. 1 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 1. Roots and shoots length, developed from primed seeds, at 0 and 120 mM NaCl, expressed in percent of control (seedlings developed from not primed (NP) seeds). Value (N = 4 ± S.E.). Different letters in columns indicate significant differences at p <0.05.

Fig. 6. MCF-7 in Ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves: Chemical characterization and cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line

Fig. 6. MCF-7 cell death (%) after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP, 550 μg/mL) and different concentrations (5.0–320.0 μg/mL) of the ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves (EEM) for 24 h, compared to the negative control cells (NC), estimated by the Fast green color dye exclusion. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Different letters indicate significant differences (p <0.01) by the Tukey test. Inset: appearance of cells after fast green-hematoxylin–eosin staining; 1, living cell; 2, green dead cell. EEM treatment kills MCF-7 cells in a concentrationdependent manner.

Fig. 3 in Ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves: Chemical characterization and cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line

Fig. 3. Morphology of MCF-7 cells stained with hematoxylin–eosin, after 24 and 48 h incubation. NC, negative control cells; CP, cells treated with 550 μg/mL cyclophosphamide; 5, 80 and 320, cells treated, respectively, with 5.0, 80.0 and 320.0 μg/mL ethanolic extract of Mimosa caenalpiniifolia leaves. All the pictures are typical of three independent experiments, each carried out under identical conditions. Bar = 5 μm. Arrow—nucleolus; R—rounding; CC—chromatin condensation.

Fig. 2. MCF-7 in Ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves: Chemical characterization and cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line

Fig. 2. MCF-7 cell protein content decreasing (%), estimated by the sulforhodamine B assay, after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP, 550 μg/mL) and different concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves (EEM 5.0 - 320.0 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Different letters indicate significant differences (p <0.001) by the Tukey test. Protein content was calculated relative to the negative control and 320.0 μg/mL EEM produced the maximum effect.

Fig. 1 in Ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves: Chemical characterization and cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line

Fig. 1. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia leaves. (A) UV 360 nm; (B) ESI-MS, base peak chromatogram, negative ion mode, m/z 100–1500. No additional peaks were detected when the UV trace was recorded at wavelengths down to 360 nm. Peaks assigned as m/z: 288.97, 318.00, and 576.77 were identified, respectively, as catechin, 2,3 dihydroquercetagetin, and procyanidin B2 [(epi)catechin–(epi)catechin)] (see structures).

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Fig. 2 in Antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of Citrus limon L. peel extracts used for skin diseases by Xhosa tribe of Amathole District, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Fig. 2. Nitric oxide scavenging activity of Citrus limon extracts. Results are means of 3 replicates.

Fig. 9 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 9. Total phenolic content (mg GA/g FW) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) pea seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.