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Data from: Blind to morphology: genetics identifies several widespread ecologically common species and few endemics among Indo-Pacific cauliflower corals (Pocillopora, Scleractinia)
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Captivity-induced behaviour and spatial learning abilities in an enigmatic, aquifer-dwelling blind eel, Rakthamichthys digressus
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Data from: Adjunctive use of modified Yunu-Jian in the non-surgical treatment of male smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
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Data from: Predatory behavior of the cave shrimp Creaseria morleyi (Creaser, 1936) (Caridea: Palaemonidae), the blind hunter of the Yucatán cenotes, Mexico
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Fig. 6 in Reproductive biology of the Brazilian blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti (Chondrichthyes: Narcinidae)
Fig. 6. Relationship between total length and fecundity for Benthobatis kreffti from São Paulo State continental slope, Brazil, considering (D) early pregnancy and (E) late pregnancy females.
Fig. 5 in Reproductive biology of the Brazilian blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti (Chondrichthyes: Narcinidae)
Fig. 5. Mean size at maturity for a. males and b. females of Benthobatis kreffti from São Paulo State continental slope, Brazil.
Fig. 4. Relationship between total length and a in Reproductive biology of the Brazilian blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti (Chondrichthyes: Narcinidae)
Fig. 4. Relationship between total length and a. clasper length; b. clasper gland length; c. testicles mass, and d. largest testicular lobule diameter of males of Benthobatis kreffti from São Paulo State continental slope, Brazil. Maturity stages considered were: (N) neonate, (A) immature, (B) developing, and (C) capable to reproduce.
Fig. 3. Relationship between total length and a in Reproductive biology of the Brazilian blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti (Chondrichthyes: Narcinidae)
Fig. 3. Relationship between total length and a. ovaries mass; b. number of vitellogenic follicles; c. largest follicle diameter and d. uteri width of females of Benthobatis kreffti from São Paulo State continental slope, Brazil. Maturity stages considered were: (A) immature, (B) developing, (C) capable to reproduce, (D) early pregnancy, (E) late pregnancy, and (F) post-partum.
Fig. 2. Relationship between total length and liver mass for a. females and b in Reproductive biology of the Brazilian blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti (Chondrichthyes: Narcinidae)
Fig. 2. Relationship between total length and liver mass for a. females and b. males of Benthobatis kreffti from São Paulo State continental slope, Brazil. Maturity stages considered were: (A) immature, (B) developing, (C) capable to reproduce (females and males), and (D) early pregnancy, (E) late pregnancy and (F) post-partum (females only).
Fig. 1 in Reproductive biology of the Brazilian blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti (Chondrichthyes: Narcinidae)
Fig. 1. Studied area where individuals of Benthobatis kreffti were captured off São Paulo State continental slope in 2003 and 2007. Dark grey color represents São Paulo State, in the left-lower square and central square represents São Paulo State continental slope. Thicker grey line indicates the depth where samples were taken (500 m).
Asian Blind Snake (Xerotyphlops vermicularis) brain illustration
<p>3D model of the Asian Blind Snake brain highlighting the anatomy and the spatial arrangement of its major subdivisions.</p> <p>The brain reconstruction was obtained from a microCT scan of a iodine-stained specimen through manual segmentation using the software Amira 5.5.0.</p> <p>Other illustrations can be found <strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/search?page=1&size=20&q=keywords:%22squamate%20brain%22">here</a></strong>.</p> <p><em>If you are interested in reptile brain evolution and behavior, please, have a look to our recent publication:</em></p> <p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13405-w"><em><strong>"Comparative analysis of squamate brains unveils multi-level variation in cerebellar architecture associated with locomotor specialization"</strong></em></a></p> <p><strong>Simone Macrì, Yoland Savriama, Imran Khan & Nicolas Di-Poï</strong></p> <p><em>Nature Communications</em> <strong>10, </strong>5560 (2019)</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Check out also our *4K* video collection of various snake and lizard 3D brains:</em></p> <p><strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgx4vtT32C8hqxG_icKiuXGtZVLVX-oG1">Snake and Lizard brain reconstructions video collection</a></strong></p> <p> </p> <p>For any inquiries or additional information, please, refer to the contacts provided in the <strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13405-w">article</a></strong>.</p>
Fig. 4 in The first blind spirostreptid millipede, found in a cave in Morocco; with notes on the genus Odontostreptus Attems, 1914 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae)
Fig. 4. Odontostreptus maroccanus (Attems, 1914), ♂, from the Asni area (NHMD 621688). Right gonopod. A. Anterior view. B. Mesal view. C. Posterior view. D. Lateral view. Abbreviations: lap = lateral metaplical process; pp = proplica. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 1 in The first blind spirostreptid millipede, found in a cave in Morocco; with notes on the genus Odontostreptus Attems, 1914 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae)
Fig. 1. Odontostreptus fadriquei sp. nov. A, C. ♀, paratype (MZB 2019-2016). B, D–E. Holotype, ♂ (MZB 2003-1301). A. Habitus. B. Head and rings 1–6. C. Antenna. D. Midbody leg. E. "Amphoromorph" fungus from leg. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D = 0.25 mm; E = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 5 in The first blind spirostreptid millipede, found in a cave in Morocco; with notes on the genus Odontostreptus Attems, 1914 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae)
Fig. 5. Odontostreptus maroccanus (Attems, 1914), ♂, from 10 km before Ouzzane (NHMD 53001), gonopods. A. Posterior view. B. Anterior view. C. Tip of left telopodite. D. Detail of left coxa. Abbreviations: lap = lateral metaplical process (broken on left gonopod); pp = proplica. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.
Data from: Impact of a pre-feeding oral stimulation program on first feed attempt in preterm infants: Double-blind controlled clinical trial
<p><b>Objective: </b>To evaluate the effect of an oral stimulation program in preterm on the performance in the first oral feeding, oral feeding skills and transition time from tube to total oral intake.</p> <p><b>Study Designer: </b>Double-blind randomized clinical trial including very preterm newborns. Congenital malformations, intracranial hemorrhage grade III or IV, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and necrotizing enterocolitis were excluded. Intervention group (GI) received an oral stimulation program of tactile extra-, peri-, and intraoral tactile manipulation once a day for 15 minutes, during a 10-day period. Control group (GII) received sham procedure with same duration of time. Feeding ability was assessed by a speech-language pathologist blinded to group assignment. The classification of infants' oral performance was determined by Oral Feeding Skills (OFS). Neonates were monitored until hospital discharge.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Seventy-four (37 in each group) were randomized. Mean gestational ages and birth weights were 30±1.4 and 30±1.5 weeks, and 1,452±330g and 1,457±353g for intervention and control groups, respectively. Mean proficiency (PRO), transfer rate (RT), and overall transfer (OT) were 41.5%±18.3 and 19.9%±11.6 (p<0.001), 2.3 mL/min and 1.1 mL/min (p<0.001), 57.2%±19.7 and 35.0%±15.7 (p<0.001) in intervention and control groups, respectively. Median transition time from tube to oral feeding was 4 (3-11) and 8 days in intervention and control groups, respectively (p=0.003). Intake of breast milk was found to reduce transition time from tube feeds to exclusive oral feeding (p<0.001, HR 1.01, 95%CI 1.005-1.019), but the impact of the study intervention remained significant (p=0.007, HR 1.97, 95%CI 1.2-3.2).</p> <p><b>Conclusion: </b>Infants who were breast-fed and an oral stimulation program proved beneficial in reducing transition time from tube feeding to oral feeding.</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03025815</p>
DATASET OF "Intrathecal morphine and sleep apnoea severity in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty: a randomised, controlled, triple- blinded trial"
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intrathecal morphine prolongs analgesia after surgery, but has been implicated in postoperative respiratory depression or apnoeic episodes. However, this has not been investigated in a prospective trial using respiratory polygraphy. This randomized controlled triple-blinded trial tested the hypothesis that intrathecal morphine increases sleep apnoea severity, measured using respiratory polygraphy.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients undergoing hip arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia received either 15 mg isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% with 0.5 mL normal saline 0.9% (control group) or 15 mg isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% with 0.5 mL intrathecal morphine 100 µg (intrathecal morphine group). Respiratory polygraphy was performed before surgery and on the first and third postoperative nights. The primary outcome was the apnoea-hypopnoea index in the supine position (supine AHI) on the first postoperative night. Secondary outcomes included supine AHI on the third postoperative night, oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and respiratory rate in the first and third postoperative nights.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>On the first postoperative night, mean (95% confidence interval) values for supine AHI were 20.6 (13.9–27.3) and 21.2 (12.4–30.0) events/h in the control and intrathecal morphine groups, respectively (p=0.90). There were no significant between-group differences for any of the secondary outcomes, except for a significantly higher central and mixed apnoea index preoperatively and significantly lower mean SpO<sub>2</sub> on the third postoperative night in the control group.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intrathecal morphine did not increase sleep apnoea severity, when measured using respiratory polygraphy. Of note, all patients had an increased number of apnoeic episodes on the third postoperative night.</p>
CARE-CF-1 Clinical trial data: An exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-arm clinical trial examining cysteamine as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis
<p><em>Background:</em> Emerging data suggests a possible role for cysteamine as an adjunct treatment for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF) that continue to be a major clinical challenge. There are no studies investigating the use of cysteamine in pulmonary exacerbations of CF. This exploratory randomized clinical trial was conducted to answer the question: In future pivotal trials of cysteamine as an adjunct treatment in pulmonary exacerbations of CF, which candidate cysteamine dosing regimens should be tested and which are the most appropriate, clinically meaningful outcome measures to employ as endpoints?</p> <p><em>Methods and findings: </em>Multicentre double-blind randomized clinical trial. Adults experiencing a pulmonary exacerbation of CF being treated with standard care that included aminoglycoside therapy were randomized equally to a concomitant 14-day course of placebo, or one of 5 dosing regimens of cysteamine. Outcomes were recorded on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and included sputum bacterial load and the patient reported outcome measures (PROMs): Chronic Respiratory Infection Symptom Score (CRISS), the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire–Revised (CFQ-R); FEV1, blood leukocyte count, and inflammatory markers. Eighty nine participants in fifteen US and EU centres were randomized, 78 completed the 14-day treatment period. Cysteamine had no significant effect on sputum bacterial load, however technical difficulties limited interpretation. The most consistent findings were for cysteamine 450mg twice daily that had effects additional to that observed with placebo, with improved symptoms, CRISS additional 9.85 points (95% CI 0.02, 19.7) p=0.05, reduced blood leukocyte count by 2.46x109 /l (95% CI 0.11, 4.80), p=0.041 and reduced CRP by geometric mean 2.57 nmol/l (95% CI 0.15, 0.99), p=0.049.</p> <p><em>Conclusion:</em> In this exploratory study cysteamine appeared to be safe and well-tolerated. Future pivotal trials investigating the utility of cysteamine in pulmonary exacerbations of CF need to include the cysteamine 450mg doses and CRISS and blood leukocyte count as outcome measures.</p>
Data from: Cell therapy for chronic TBI: interim analysis of the randomized, controlled, double-blind STEMTRA trial
<p><b>Objective:</b> To determine if chronic motor deficits secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be improved by implantation of allogeneic modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (SB623).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> This 6-month interim analysis of the 1-year double-blind, randomized, surgical sham-controlled, Phase 2 STEMTRA trial (NCT02416492) evaluated safety and efficacy of the stereotactic intracranial implantation of SB623 in patients with stable chronic motor deficits secondary to TBI. Patients in this multi-center trial (N=63) underwent randomization in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to 2.5x10<sup>6</sup>, 5.0x10<sup>6</sup>, 10x10<sup>6</sup> SB623 cells or control. Safety was assessed in patients who underwent surgery (N=61), and efficacy in the modified intent-to-treat population of randomized patients who underwent surgery (N=61; SB623=46, control=15).</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The primary efficacy endpoint of significant improvement from baseline of Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale score at 6 months for SB623-treated patients was achieved. SB623-treated patients improved by (LS mean [SE]) +8.3 (1.4) versus +2.3 (2.5) for control at 6 months, the LS mean difference was 6.0 (95% CI: 0.3-11.8); P=0.040. Secondary efficacy endpoints improved from baseline, but were not statistically significant versus control at 6 months. There were no dose-limiting toxicities or deaths, and 100% of SB623-treated patients experienced treatment-emergent adverse events versus 93.3% of control patients (P=0.25).</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> SB623 cell implantation appeared to be safe and well tolerated, and patients implanted with SB623 experienced significant improvement from baseline motor status at 6 months compared to controls.</p> <p><b>Classification of Evidence:</b> This study provides Class I evidence that implantation of SB623 was well tolerated and associated with improvement in motor status.</p>
Ivermectin as a potential treatment for mild to moderate COVID-19 – A double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
<p><b>Objective:</b> Ivermectin has been suggested as a treatment for COVID-19.This randomised control trial was conducted to test the efficacy of Ivermectin in the treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19.</p> <p><b>Design:</b> Parallel, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial</p> <p><b>Setting:</b> A tertiary care dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Bihar, India</p> <p><b>Participants:</b> Adult patients (> 18 years) admitted with mild to moderate COVID 19 disease (saturation > 90% on room air, respiratory rate < 30 and no features of shock) with no contraindications to ivermectin and willing to participate in the study</p> <p><b>Intervention:</b> Patients in the intervention arm were given ivermectin 12 mg on day 1 and day 2 of admission. Patients in the placebo arm were given identical looking placebo tablets. Rest of the treatment was continued as per the existing protocol and the clinical judgment of the treating teams.</p> <p><b>Outcome Measures:</b> The primary outcome measure was a negative RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 on day 6 of admission. The secondary outcome measures were symptom status on day 6, discharge status on day 10, admission to ICU, need for invasive mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> A total of 115 patients were enrolled for the study of which 112 were included in the final analysis. Of them, 55 were randomised to the intervention arm while 57 were randomised to the placebo arm. There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics of the two arms. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome, i.e. negative RT-PCR status on day 6 between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the two groups in most of the secondary outcome measures, viz. symptom status on day 6, discharge status on day 10, admission to ICU, and need for invasive mechanical ventilation. However, while there was no in-hospital mortality in the intervention arm, there were 4 deaths in the placebo arm. As a result, all patients in the intervention arm (n=56) were successfully discharged as compared to 93.1% (n=54/58) in the placebo arm (RR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.2, p=0.019).</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> There was no difference in the primary outcome i.e. negative RT-PCR status on day 6 of admission with the use of ivermectin. However, a significantly higher proportion of patients were discharged alive from the hospital when they received ivermectin.</p>
Data from: Blinded by the load: attention, awareness and the role of perceptual load
What is the relationship between attention and conscious awareness? Awareness sometimes appears to be restricted to the contents of focused attention, yet at other times irrelevant distractors will dominate awareness. This contradictory relationship has also been reflected in an abundance of discrepant research findings leading to an enduring controversy in cognitive psychology. Lavie's load theory of attention suggests that the puzzle can be solved by considering the role of perceptual load. Although distractors will intrude upon awareness in conditions of low load, awareness will be restricted to the content of focused attention when the attended information involves high perceptual load. Here, we review recent evidence for this proposal with an emphasis on the various subjective blindness phenomena, and their neural correlates, induced by conditions of high perceptual load. We also present novel findings that clarify the role of attention in the response to stimulus contrast. Overall, this article demonstrates a critical role for perceptual load across the spectrum of perceptual processes leading to awareness, from the very early sensory responses related to contrast detection to explicit recognition of semantic content.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.