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2,001 results for “x-rays”
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: the XMM-Newton X-ray source catalog and multi-band counterparts
<p>The XMM-RM project was designed to provide X-ray coverage of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) field. 41 XMM-Newton exposures, placed surrounding the Chandra AEGIS field, were taken, covering an area of 6.13 deg2 and reaching a nominal exposure depth of ∼ 15 ks. We present an X-ray catalog of 3553 sources detected in these data, using a PSF-fitting algorithm and a sample selection threshold that produces a ∼ 5% fraction of spurious sources. The Bayesian method “NWAY” was employed to identify counterparts of the X-ray sources from the optical Legacy and the IR unWISE catalogs, using a 2-dimensional unWISE magnitude-color prior created from optical/IR counterparts of Chandra X-ray sources. 932 of the XMM-RM sources are covered by SDSS spectroscopic observations. 89% of them are classified as AGN, and 71% of these AGN are in the SDSS-RM quasar catalog. Among the SDSS-RM quasars, 80% are detectable at the depth of the XMM observations. Forced X-ray photometry is performed at the positions of the undetected SDSS-RM quasars.</p>
X-ray spectrum of Spherical absorber
<p>In Buchner et al. (2019) computations of a X-ray obscurers of Active Galactic Nuclei. The files represent the X-ray spectrum emerging from a point source sitting inside a spherical obscurer. The point source spectrum is a powerlaw spectrum with exponential cut-off. Modelling includes photo-electric absorption, fluorescent X-ray lines and Compton scattering. The model is akin to Brightman & Nandra (2011)'s sphere model, but allows an exponential cut-off and is fixed to solar abundance.</p> <p>See https://github.com/JohannesBuchner/xars for more information.</p>
Automated X-ray computer tomography segmentation method for finite element analysis of non-crimp fabrics reinforced composites
<p>Data behind the publications:</p> <p>Auenhammer, R.M., Mikkelsen, L.P., Asp, L., Blinzler, B. Automated X-ray computer tomography segmentation method for finite element analysis of non-crimp fabric reinforced composites. <em>Composite Structures, </em><strong>256</strong>, 113136, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113136">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113136</a>, 2021.</p> <p>Auenhammer, Robert M., Lars P. Mikkelsen, Leif E. Asp, Brina J. Blinzler, Dataset of non-crimp fabric reinforced composites for an X-ray computer tomography aided engineering process, <em>Data in Brief, </em><strong>33</strong>, 106518, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106518">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106518</a>, 2020.</p> <p>Auenhammer, R.M., L.P. Mikkelsen, L.E. Asp, B.J. Blinzler, X-ray tomography based numerical analysis of stress concentrations in non-crimp fabric reinforced composites - assessment of segmentation methods. <em>IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.</em> <strong>942</strong>, 012038, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/942/1/012038">https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/942/1/012038</a>, 2020</p> <p>The data-set contain data from three samples: A, E and G. </p> <p>For each sample the data are saved in the follow format</p> <ul> <li>X-ray scan: nii-files</li> <li>SEM scan: tif-files</li> <li>Abaqus files: inp-files </li> <li>X-ray setting: pdf-files</li> <li>SEM settings: hdr-ascii files</li> </ul> <p> </p>
X-ray microtomography of Baltelater bipectinatus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, 6685 (MAIG) (stack data).
<p>X-ray microtomography of <em>Baltelater bipectinatus </em>gen. et sp. nov., holotype, 6685 (MAIG) (stack data).</p>
Raw data and Figures for the article "Strain Wave Pathway to Semiconductor-to-Metal Transition Revealed by Time Resolved X-ray Powder Diffraction"
<p>- Raw data from Jungfrau Integrating pixel detector (together with azimuthally averaged curves)</p> <p>- Script to create time resolved data from raw data</p> <p>- Scripts to generates main figures of the article.</p>
Data from: Three-dimensional innate mobility of the human foot bones under axial loading using biplane X-ray fluoroscopy
The anatomical design of the human foot is considered to facilitate generation of bipedal walking. However, how the morphology and structure of the human foot actually contribute to generation of bipedal walking remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the three-dimensional kinematics of the foot bones under a weight-bearing condition using cadaver specimens, to characterize the innate mobility of the human foot inherently prescribed in its morphology and structure. Five cadaver feet were axially loaded up to 588 N (60 kgf), and radiographic images were captured using a biplane X-ray fluoroscopy system. The present study demonstrated that the talus is medioinferiorly translated and internally rotated as the calcaneus is everted owing to axial loading, causing internal rotation of the tibia and flattening of the medial longitudinal arch in the foot. Furthermore, as the talus is internally rotated, the talar head moves medially with respect to the navicular, inducing external rotation of the navicular and metatarsals. Under axial loading, the cuboid is everted simultaneously with the calcaneus owing to the osseous locking mechanism in the calcaneocuboid joint. Such detailed descriptions about the innate mobility of the human foot will contribute to clarifying functional adaptation and pathogenic mechanisms of the human foot.
Data from: Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy of fossil embryos
Fossilized embryos from the late Neoproterozoic and earliest Phanerozoic have caused much excitement because they preserve the earliest stages of embryology of animals that represent the initial diversification of metazoans. However, the potential of this material has not been fully realized because of reliance on traditional, non-destructive methods that allow analysis of exposed surfaces only, and destructive methods that preserve only a single two-dimensional view of the interior of the specimen. Here, we have applied synchrotron-radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM), obtaining complete three-dimensional recordings at submicrometre resolution. The embryos are preserved by early diagenetic impregnation and encrustation with calcium phosphate, and differences in X-ray attenuation provide information about the distribution of these two diagenetic phases. Three-dimensional visualization of blastomere arrangement and diagenetic cement in cleavage embryos resolves outstanding questions about their nature, including the identity of the columnar blastomeres. The anterior and posterior anatomy of embryos of the bilaterian worm-like Markuelia confirms its position as a scalidophoran, providing new insights into body-plan assembly among constituent phyla. The structure of the developing germ band in another bilaterian, Pseudooides, indicates a unique mode of germ-band development. SRXTM provides a method of non-invasive analysis that rivals the resolution achieved even by destructive methods, probing the very limits of fossilization and providing insight into embryology during the emergence of metazoan phyla.
Data from: New Crystal Forms and Amorphous Phase of Sophoricoside: X-Ray Structures and Characterization
Sophoricoside, which is an isoflavone glycoside found in many plant species, has recently attracted attention because of its anti-fertility activity. One solvent-free form, two solvatomorphs and an amorphous phase of sophoricoside are reported for the first time. X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the different forms. The results show that factors such as crystal symmetry, intermolecular arrangement, conformational flexibility, hydrogen-bonding interactions and solvent incorporation lead to different solid-state forms. An investigation of the transformations of the four forms showed that they can interconvert with each other under certain conditions. Amorphous phase and solvatomorphism were unstable but can improve the solubility of sophoricoside in water.
Data from: Microbeam two-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering investigating the effects of reduced graphene oxide on local microstructures of high-density polyethylene/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite bars
It has reported that the introduction of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) can enhance the crystallization and orientation of high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix and thus improve the mechanical properties of HDPE/RGO nanocomposites. Herein, the local microstructures and orientations in different regions of HDPE/RGO bars with varied RGO contents were further explored by two dimensional small angle X-ray scattering (2D SAXS) using a microbeam technique. It is unveiled that the orientation orderings of every positions are all intensified with increasing RGO amount, and of particular interest is the observation of the quite slight change of the ordering degrees in diverse zones of HDPE/RGO nanocomposite bars, implicating that RGO imposes a uniform enhancing effect upon HDPE matrix within different areas and consequently reflects an effective increase of mechanical properties of HDPE/RGO nanocomposites.
Data from: The interaction of fatigue cracks with a residual stress field using thermoelastic stress analysis and synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments
This article presents an experimental study on the fatigue behaviour of cracks emanating from cold-expanded holes utilising thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) and synchrotron x-ray diffraction (SXRD) techniques with the aim of resolving the long-standing ambiguity in the literature regarding potential relaxation, or modification, of beneficial compressive residual stresses as a result of fatigue crack propagation. The crack growth rates are found to be substantially lower as the crack tip moved through the residual stress zone induced by cold expansion. The TSA results demonstrated that the crack tip plastic zones were reduced in size by the presence of the residual compressive stresses induced by cold expansion. The crack tip plastic zones were found to be insignificant in size in comparison to the residual stress zone resulting from cold expansion, which implied that they were unlikely to have had a notable impact on the surrounding residual stresses induced by cold expansion. The residual stress distributions measured along the direction of crack growth, using SXRD, showed no signs of any significant stress relaxation or redistribution, which validates the conclusions drawn from the TSA data. Fractographic analysis qualitatively confirmed the influence on crack initiation of the residual stresses induced by the cold expansion. It was found that the application of single compressive overload caused a relaxation, or reduction in the residual stresses, which has wider implications for improving the fatigue life.
"Scatter analysis and correction for ultrafast X-ray tomography"
<p>Original reconstructed data set</p>
The 1.1 Å Structure of the Periplasmic Phosphate-Binding Protein from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia - a crystallisation contaminant identified by molecular replacement using the entire protein database (X-ray diffraction images).
<p>During efforts to crystallise the enzyme 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone dioxygenase (DAD) from <em>Alcaligenes</em> sp. 4HAP, a small number of strongly diffracting protein crystals were obtained after two years of crystal growth in one condition. The crystals diffracted synchrotron radiation to almost 1.0 Å resolution and were, until recently, assumed to be formed by the DAD protein. However, when another crystal form of this enzyme was eventually solved at lower resolution, molecular replacement using this structure as the search model did not give a convincing solution with the original atomic resolution dataset. Hence we considered that these crystals might be due to a protein impurity, although molecular replacement using the structures of common crystallisation contaminants as search models again failed. A script to perform molecular replacement using MOLREP (Vagin, A. & Teplyakov, A. (2010). Acta Crystallogr. D 66, 22-25.) in which the first chain of every structure in the PDB was used as a search model was run on a multi-core cluster. This identified a number of prokaryotic phosphate binding proteins as scoring highly in the MOLREP peak lists. Calculation of an electron density map at 1.1 Å resolution allowed most of the amino acids to be identified visually and built into the model. A BLAST search then indicated that the molecule was most probably a phosphate binding protein from <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> (UniProt ID: B4SL31; gene ID: Smal_2208) and fitting of the corresponding sequence to the atomic resolution map fully corroborated this. Proteins in this family have been linked with the virulence of antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria and with biofilm formation. The structure has been refined to an R-factor of 10.15 % and an R-free of 12.46 % at 1.1 Å resolution. The molecule adopts the type-II periplasmic binding protein fold with a number of extensively elaborated loop regions. A fully-dehydrated phosphate anion is bound tightly between the two domains of the protein and interacts with conserved residues and a number of helix dipoles. </p>
Raw data for analysis in AI-NERD: Elucidation of Relaxation Dynamics Beyond Equilibrium Through AI-informed X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
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X-ray beam characterization of an aberration-corrected pair of planar nanofocusing X-ray lenses with ptychography
<p>This data set is split over two zip archives. Each archive contains a scanning coherent X-ray diffraction (ptychography) data set recorded at an X-ray energy of 18 keV. A crossed pair of planar nanofocusing X-ray lenses (NFL) made out of silicon is used to focus the beam and scan a Siemens star test sample. Each data set includes a configuration file and scan position file. In addition, the final result of the obtained ptychographic reconstruction is included.</p><p><strong>Description of the two data sets:</strong></p><ul><li>scan_00033: X-ray beam characterization of the NFL. On this data set the design of the refractive phase correctors was based upon.</li><li>scan_00077: X-ray beam characterization of the NFL with refractive phase corrector milled to the silicon lens by focused ion-beam milling.</li></ul><p><strong>Additional information:</strong></p><p>The diffraction patterns can be found in the 'eiger4m_01' folder. They are split up over multiple h5 files and located in the group '/entry/data/data'. The assignment of diffraction patterns to scan positions can be found in the positions.txt file. All relevant input parameters for ptychography are located in the 'input' group in the ptycho.conf files. The reconstruction results are in the European Data Format (EDF).</p><p><strong>The data set has been published in:</strong></p><p>F. Seiboth, A. Schropp, M. Lyubomirskiy, W. Wang, A. Jahn, S. Kulkarni, T. F. Keller, and C. G. Schroer, "On-chip aberration correction for planar nanofocusing x-ray lenses by focused ion-beam milling," Applied Physics Letters <strong>122</strong>(24), (2023).</p>
x-ray data-mzm
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X-ray patterns from porcine myocardium in the presence of mavacamten
<p>X-ray and mechanical experiments were performed using permeabilized porcine left ventricle wall muscle. The frozen muscle was thawed in skinning solution at room temperature before dissection into smaller strips and skinned at room temperature for 3 hours. Permeabilized fiber bundles were further dissected into preparations with a length of 4 mm with a diameter of 200 µm prior to attachment of aluminum T-clips to both ends for X-ray experiments. X-ray diffraction patterns were collected at BioCAT beamline on a MarCCD 165 detector (Rayonix Inc., Evanston IL) with a 1 s exposure time as a function of at seven different Ca2+ concentrations (pCa 8, pCa 6.4, pCa 6, pCa 5.8, pCa 5.6, pCa 5.3, and pCa 4.5) in the presence of 100 μM thin filament inhibitor (MYK-7660), and 2 μM of mavacamten ( in the mavacamten group)</p>
Acrulia danica sp. nov., female, Baltic amber, ZMUC-900082, X-ray microtomography volume rendering of the habitus
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Acrulia danica sp. nov., female, Baltic amber, ZMUC-900082, X-ray microtomography volume rendering the female genital segment
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Acrulia danica sp. nov., female, Baltic amber, ZMUC-900082, X-ray microtomography volume rendering the antenna
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Resliced X-ray µCT scans of 17 tropical wood species – multiresolution experiment
<p>When considering X-ray µCT for identification of a wooden sample, the question remains which resolution will be sufficient to visualize the wood anatomical features. This dataset contains the X-ray µCT scans, resliced along the three wood directions (transverse, radial and tangential), of 17 different wood species at four different resolutions. These scans form the foundation of a comparative study to evaluate the success of wood anatomical description resolutions ranging from 1 to 15 µm. The dataset of 17 scanned species is made available online to serve as a first step towards a reference database of scanned wood species, facilitating and encouraging more systematic use of X-ray µCT for the identification of wood species.</p> <p>The 17 wood species studied in this paper were selected according to their occurrence among the objects of the Congolese heritage collection of the RMCA. In the past, 7% (3814 out of 55.000 objects) of the museum’s collection of wooden cultural objects was analysed and identified by the wood biology department of the RMCA. Based on this dataset of identifications (available here: 10.5281/zenodo.10671337), the most occurring wood species were selected:</p> <p>RUBIACEAE <em>Crossopteryx febrifuga</em> Afzel. Ex G. Don <br>EUPHORBIACEAE <em>Ricinodendron heudelotii </em>(Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel <br>APOCYNACEAE <em>Alstonia congensis</em> Engl. <br>BURSERACEAE <em>Canarium schweinfurthii </em>Engl. <br>RUBIACEAE <em>Nauclea pobeguinii</em> (Pobeg.) Merr. <br>VERBENACEAE <em>Vitex madiensis</em> Oliv. <br>BORAGINACEAE <em>Cordia millenii</em> Baker <br>MORACEAE<em> Milicia excelsa</em> (Welw.) C.C. Berg <br>RUBIACEAE <em>Nauclea latifolia</em> Sm. <br>BIGNONIACEAE<em> Markhamia tomentosa</em> (Benth.) K. Schum. Ex Engl. <br>FABACEAE <em>Albizia zygia</em> (DC.) J.F. Macbr. <br>FABACEAE<em> Pterocarpus tinctorius </em>Welw. <br>FABACEAE <em>Pterocarpus angolensis </em>DC. <br>APOCYNACEAE <em>Funtumia Africana</em> (Benth.) Stapf <br>MORACEAE <em>Ficus mucuso </em>Welw. ex Fical <br>VERBENACEAE <em>Vitex ferruginea</em> Schumach. & Thonn. <br>OLACACEAE <em>Strombosiopsis tetranda </em>Engl.</p> <p>Each sample was prepared for scanning by subdividing it into small cubes, tuned to the scan resolution: cubes of 1x1x10 mm for the 1µm scans; cubes of 5x5x5 mm were made for the 3µm resolution scans, and for the 8µm and 15µm scans the cubes were cut to 1x1x1 cm. The wood samples were scanned at 4 different ‘resolutions’ -more correctly the approximate voxel pitch of the scans but further referred to as resolution. The Nanowood X-ray µCT scanner was used to make the 68 scans (17 wood species at 4 resolutions). This scanner was custom-built at the UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (www.ugct.ugent.be) and recently refurbished in collaboration with TESCAN-XRE (www.XRE.be, part of the TESCAN ORSAY HOLDINGS a.s.), a UGCT spin-off company.</p> <p>The .jpeg files in this dataset are named as follows: W<strong>ood species_Tw number_resolution_wood plane_sequence number</strong>.</p> <ul> <li>The Tw number references the 'Tervuren Wood' collection, or the Xylarium of the RMCA, which can be consulted via this website: https://www.africamuseum.be/nl/research/collections_libraries/biology/collections/xylarium</li> <li>The resolution of the scans - more correctly the approximate voxel pitch of the scans - is indicated in µm </li> <li>The three wood planes are abbreviated in the file names: transverse (xs), radial (rls), tangential (tls)</li> <li>The sequence number: for each scan, at least 3 reslices were made for each of the three wood planes. This to take full advantage of the three-dimensional nature of the scans.</li> </ul>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.