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1,068 results for “demographic”
Seasonal rainfall in subtropical montane cloud forests drives demographic fluctuations in a Green-backed Tit population
<p>Montane birds are vulnerable to climate change. However, the mechanisms by which weather drives demographic processes in montane birds have seldom been investigated. We conducted a long-term study (2009–2019) on the Green-backed Tit (<em>Parus monticolus)</em>, an insectivorous passerine, in the montane cloud forest of subtropical Taiwan. We explored the effects of weather variability on the productivity and survival of adult Green-backed Tits. Nest survival was negatively associated with seasonal rainfall during the breeding season (April–July) and was lower in early clutches than in late clutches. Higher typhoon-induced precipitation during the postbreeding period (July–September) was related to reduced adult survival, but neither summer temperature nor winter weather conditions were found to be related to adult bird survival. We developed a stochastic simulation model for Green-backed Tit population dynamics based on empirical data. We compared the simulated time-series and observed population growth rates (λ) and found that 80% (8/10 yr) of the observed λ fell within the 5th and 95th percentiles of the simulated data over the 10-yr period. Moreover, the simulated average (± standard deviation) of the geometric mean of λ over 10 yr (1.05 ± 0.07) was close to that observed from 2009–2019 (0.99), which provided confidence that the model effectively simulated the population growth rate of the Green-backed Tit. We conducted a sensitivity analysis for λ, and found that juvenile and adult survival influenced by typhoon-induced rainfall were the greatest contributors to the variance in the growth rate of the Green-backed Tit population. With the onset of intensified seasonal precipitation associated with global warming, the population growth and density of Green-backed Tits will decline substantially. Our results suggest that under scenarios of high emissions of greenhouse gas, this local population of Green-backed Tits will not persist in the near future.</p>
Figure 2. Bayesian posterior probability 50 in Population genetic structure and demographic history of the Chinese endemic Mongoloniscus sinensis (Dollfus, 1901) (Isopoda: Oniscidea)
Figure 2. Bayesian posterior probability 50% majority-rule consensus tree of the M. sinensis haplotypes. Out-group was Ligia occidentalis; the map showed mitochondrial haplotype clades of Porcellio gigliotose and Trachelipus semiproiectus. The numbers above joints are the bootstrap support values of MP value, ML value, and the posterior probabilities of the BI tree, respectively (MP/ML/BI).
Figure 1 in Population genetic structure and demographic history of the Chinese endemic Mongoloniscus sinensis (Dollfus, 1901) (Isopoda: Oniscidea)
Figure 1. Locations of sampled populations and geographical distribution of Mongoloniscus sinensis mtDNA clades. Mountain ranges are in green letters as follows: H—Heng Mountain, TH—Taihang Mountain, WT—Wutai Mountain, LL—Lvliang Mountain, TY–Taiyue Mountain, ZT—Zhongtiao Mountain.
Figure 3 in Population genetic structure and demographic history of the Chinese endemic Mongoloniscus sinensis (Dollfus, 1901) (Isopoda: Oniscidea)
Figure 3. Parsimonious network of M. sinensis haplotypes. Each circle represents a haplotype, with the area of the circle proportional to its frequency. The evolutionary clades C1 - C6 are shown in different colors, and median vector (mvl-mv3) is indicated in red.
Figure 4 in Genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of Dugesia japonica in Taihang Mountains
Figure 4. Median-joining haplotype network based on mitochondrial gene COI. The four ellipses represent four clades in Figure 3, respectively. Each circle represents a haplotype, the area of the circle is proportional to the frequency of haplotypes, and black dots represent hypothetical unobserved haplotypes. Different populations are shown in different colors.
Figure 3 in Genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of Dugesia japonica in Taihang Mountains
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogentic trees based on mitochondrial gene COI. Dugesia ryukyuensis (Genbank accession no. AB618488) serves as the outgroup. The broken lines denote inconsistent branches. Bootstrap percentages (BP,>50 only) of ML analysis and posterior probabilities (PP,>0.50 only) of Bayesian inference are shown above and below the branch, respectively. HG—haplogroup.
Data from: Genetic diversity in a long-lived mammal is explained by the past's demographic shadow and current connectivity
<p>Within-species genetic diversity is crucial for the persistence and integrity of populations and ecosystems. Conservation actions require an understanding of factors influencing genetic diversity, especially in the context of global change. Both population size and connectivity are factors greatly influencing genetic diversity; the relative importance of these factors can however change through time. Hence, quantifying the degree to which population size or genetic connectivity are shaping genetic diversity, and at which ecological time scale (past or present), is challenging, yet essential for the development of efficient conservation strategies. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity of 42 colonies of <i>Rhinolophus hipposideros,</i> a long-lived mammal vulnerable to global change, sampling locations spanning its continental northern range. We present an integrative approach that disentangles and quantifies the contribution of different connectivity measures in addition to contemporary colony size and historic bottlenecks in shaping genetic diversity. In our study, the best model explained 64% of the variation in genetic diversity. It included historic bottlenecks, contemporary colony sizes, connectivity and a negative interaction between the latter two. Contemporary connectivity explained most genetic diversity when considering a 65 km radius around the focal colonies, emphasizing the large geographic scale at which the positive impact of connectivity on genetic diversity is most profound and hence the minimum scale at which conservation should be planned. Our results highlight that the relative importance of the two main factors shaping genetic diversity varies through time, emphasizing the relevance of disentangling them to ensure appropriate conservation strategies.</p>
BIO4AFRICA_Co-definition of technologies to be transferred with local farmers and communities - Technology Validation Data (Demographics)_D1.4_311022_1
<p>Validation Data (Demographics) for Task 1.4: Co-definition of technologies to be transferred with local farmers and communities.</p>
Demographic study of a tropical epiphytic orchid with stochastic simulations of hurricanes, herbivory, episodic recruitment, and logging
<p>In a time of global change, having an understanding of the nature of biotic and abiotic factors that drive a species' range may be the sharpest tool in the arsenal of conservation and management of threatened species. However, such information is lacking for most tropical and epiphytic species due to the complexity of life history, the roles of stochastic events, and the diversity of habitat across the span of a distribution. In this study, we conducted repeated censuses across the core and peripheral range of <em>Trichocentrum</em> <em>undulatum</em>, a threatened orchid that is found throughout the island of Cuba (species core range) and southern Florida (the northern peripheral range). We used demographic matrix modeling as well as stochastic simulations to investigate the impacts of herbivory, hurricanes, and logging (in Cuba) on projected population growth rates (𝜆 and 𝜆<sub>s</sub>) among sites.</p>
Data from: Species-specific traits mediate avian demographic responses under past climate change
<p>Anticipating species' responses to environmental change is a<span> pressing mission in biodiversity conservation. Despite decades of research investigating how climate change may affect population sizes, historical context is lacking and the traits which mediate demographic sensitivity to changing climate remain elusive. We use whole-genome sequence data to reconstruct the demographic histories of 263 bird species over the past million years and identify networks of interacting morphological and life-history traits associated with changes in effective population size (<em>N<sub>e</sub></em>) in response to climate warming and cooling. Our results identify direct and indirect effects of key traits representing survival, reproduction, and dispersal processes on long-term demographic responses to climate change and highlight traits most likely to influence population responses to ongoing climate warming.</span></p>
LAGOS-US Race and Ethnicity: Dataset classifying conterminous US lake communities based on racial and ethnic demographic data (v 2.0)
<p>Knowing the consistency of water quality sampling in lakes surrounded by a variety of racial and ethnic communities is important for potential policy uses and to assess community impacts. By using the 2010 US Census race and ethnicity demographic block group data, we analyzed the frequency (i.e., number of years and consistency) of lake water quality sampling according to racial and ethnic demographics in surrounding neighborhoods. Our approach classified human communities near lakes as predominantly White or people of color (POC), and Hispanic or non-Hispanic (NH). Associated R analysis scripts can also be found in this folder. Our data and approach can be used for future studies seeking to analyze environmental monitoring practices in relation to human demographic variables, particularly from US Census data.</p>
Demographic information of individuals participating in educational research questionnaire
<p>Pre- and post-intervention participant demographic information of individuals participating in educational research questionnaire.</p>
Socio-demographic portrait and demographic values of pro-natalists and anti-natalists in Russia: assessment based on data from the social network VKontakte
<p>The dataset contains data from personal profiles of social network users VKontakte - socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, date of birth, marital status, country and city of residence) and indicators of demographic values (“the main thing in life”, attitude to alcohol, attitude to smoking, pronatalist or anti-natalist), as well as a number of other indicators - religious and political beliefs,<br> "the main thing in people." Initially, as a selection criterion, the authors used belonging user to the relevant communities (groups) of the VKontakte social network, sharing different family and reproductive values (to be a parent, to give birth child, start a family or profess the values of childfree philosophy). For example, persons who were members of groups devoted to "childfree" values were assigned the status "anti-natalist". And individuals in groups devoted to issues of childbirth and family values, parenthood, were assigned the status of "pronatalist". For example, groups with the names "GOOD PARENTS" (https://vk.com/club52388302) and "MOM: Development, Family, Children" (https://vk.com/club69716165) are pronatalist, and groups "The TRUTH about Childfree (Childfree)" (https://vk.com/club58565280) and "Overheard Childfree" (https://vk.com/club69265846) - to anti-natalist ones. The authors extracted comments of users of these two types of groups in the social network VKontakte, applying methods of extraction (parsing) of data from social networks using VK API. Organized open access to databases compiled by us from hundreds<br> thousand comments from users of dozens of groups of two types in more than one and a half decades [Kalabikhina &amp; Banin, 2020; Kalabikhina &amp; Banin, 2021]. Further, the authors linked the data of their personal data to users from these groups.<br> questionnaires. At the second stage, the resulting sample was additionally corrected - in it only those persons who filled in the field "The main thing in life" in the personal questionnaire on VKontakte to determine priority values for users with different types of reproductive behavior. Include in the analysis only those users who answered the question from personal questionnaire on VKontakte about what is most important for them in life, allows reduce the risk of "bots" getting into the sample. We believe that in the questionnaires of bots such fields as "The main thing in life", "The main thing in people" will not be filled in, the indication of this<br> information in the personal profile testifies in favor of the fact that the account is really belongs to a real person. At this stage, the sample included 754,315 users. Additionally, we limited the sample according to the age indicated in the questionnaire. We excluded from the sample users who indicated their age of 80 years and older. We we believe that this is an indirect sign by which it is possible to identify accounts with inaccurate information. The final sample after the introduced restrictions was 377,786 people, it includes users of the social network VKontakte, consisting of groups of anti-natalists and pro-natalists who filled in the information section about themselves item "The main thing in life" minus persons who indicated in the questionnaire that they are over 80 years old.</p>
Wiki-based Communities of Interest: Demographics and Outliers
<p>These datasets contains statements about demographics and outliers of Wiki-based Communities of Interest. </p> <p><strong>Group-centric dataset (sample):</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-json">{ "title": "winners of Priestley Medal", "recorded_members": 83, "topics": ["STEM.Chemistry"], "demographics": [ "occupation-chemist", "gender-male", "citizen-U.S." ], "outliers": [ { "reason": "NOT(chemist) unlike 82 recorded members", "members": [ "Francis Garvan (lawyer, art collector)" ] }, { "reason": "NOT(male) unlike 80 recorded members", "members": [ "Mary L. Good (female)", "Darleane Hoffman (female)", "Jacqueline Barton (female)" ] } ] }</code></pre> <p><strong>Subject-centric dataset (sample):</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-json">{ "subject": "Serena Williams", "statements": [ { "statement": "NOT(sport-basketball) but (tennis) unlike 4 recorded winners of Best Female Athlete ESPY Award.", "score": 0.36 }, { "statement": "NOT(occupation-politician) but (tennis player, businessperson, autobiographer) unlike 20 recorded winners of Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.", "score": 0.17 } ] }</code></pre> <p><strong>This data can be also browsed at: <a href="https://wikiknowledge.onrender.com/demographics/">https://wikiknowledge.onrender.com/demographics/</a></strong></p>
Whole genome demographic models indicate divergent effective population size histories shape contemporary genetic diversity gradients in a montane bumble bee
<p>Understanding historical range shifts and population size variation provides important context for interpreting contemporary genetic diversity. Methods to predict changes in species distributions and model changes in effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>) using whole genomes make it feasible to examine how temporal dynamics influence diversity across populations. We investigate N<sub>e</sub> variation and climate-associated range shifts to examine the origins of a previously observed latitudinal heterozygosity gradient in the bumble bee <em>Bombus</em> <em>vancouverensis</em> Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae: <em>Bombus</em> Latreille) in western North America. We analyze whole genomes from a latitude-elevation cline using sequentially Markovian coalescent models of N<sub>e</sub> through time to test whether relatively low diversity in southern high-elevation populations is a result of long-term differences in N<sub>e</sub>. We use Maxent models of the species range over the last 130,000 years to evaluate range shifts and stability. N<sub>e</sub> fluctuates with climate across populations, but more genetically diverse northern populations have maintained greater Ne over the late Pleistocene and experienced larger expansions with climatically favorable time periods. Northern populations also experienced larger bottlenecks during the last glacial period which matched the loss of range area near these sites, however, bottlenecks were not sufficient to erode diversity maintained during periods of large N<sub>e</sub>. A genome sampled from an island population indicated a severe postglacial bottleneck, indicating that large recent post-glacial declines are detectable if they have occurred. Genetic diversity was not related to niche stability or glacial-period bottleneck size. Instead, spatial expansions and increased connectivity during favorable climates likely maintain diversity in the north while restriction to high elevations maintains relatively low diversity despite greater stability in southern regions. Results suggest genetic diversity gradients reflect long-term differences in N<sub>e</sub> dynamics and also emphasize the unique effects of isolation on insular habitats for bumble bees. Patterns are discussed in the context of conservation under climate change.</p>
Data from: Successional shifts in tree demographic strategies in wet and dry Neotropical forests
<p><span>This dataset summarizes demographic rates, abundances and basal area across a succession of ~800 (sub) tropical tree species to explore generalities in demographic trade-offs and successional shifts in demographic strategies across four Neotropical forests that cover a large rainfall gradient. We used repeated forest inventory data from chronosequences in two wet (Costa Rica, Panama) and two dry forests (Yucatán, Oaxaca, both Mexico) to quantify demographic rates of ~800 tree species. For each forest, we explored the main demographic trade-offs and assigned tree species to five demographic groups by performing a weighted Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that accounts for differences in sample size. We aggregated the basal area and abundance across demographic groups to identify successional shifts in demographic strategies over the entire successional gradient from very young (<5 years) to old-growth forests. This dataset provides raw and transformed demographic rates, their weights in the weighted PCA, assignments to demographic groups, and forest inventory data at the species level, as well as the code for performing the weighted PCA.</span></p>
Identification, Demographic and Sociometric Data of the Students and Classroom Data / Datos de Identificación, Demográficos y Sociométricos de los Alumnos y Datos del Aula // SUJ-1_Data_CC-CS_T1toT6
<p>This is a longitudinal file that provides information about the students and the classroom in all grades, from first to sixth. It is an essential file that researchers will necessarily have to merge with the other files containing the variables of interest. The file provides information to identify and locate each student in each grade (e.g., identification number, cohort and sample to which he/she belongs, classroom in which he/she is enrolled in each grade, year of entry or exit from the sample,...), and demographic information (sex, date of birth, age in each grade,...), inclusion information (ethnicity, time in Spain, Spanish language proficiency, degree of absenteeism,...), his/her sociometric status at each moment and whether he/she meets criteria to receive intervention. Finally, it also includes data on the classroom in which the participant is enrolled each year and the tutor teacher (e.g., classroom ratio, whether the composition of the classroom is changing on a scheduled basis, sex of the teacher and whether the tutor has changed with respect to the previous year). Most of the information was provided by the teacher and is part of the STUDENT-INFORM and CLASSROOM-INFORM files, but it also includes information provided by researchers in the SUJ-2 files and information provided by peers in the SOCIOMET-P files. The data were collected in public schools in Castellón and Seville (Spain) mostly in the fall of each school year, but many variables were also measured in the spring, from first to sixth grade of primary education, from school year 2009-10 to school year 2014-15. To learn more about our research and access to other datasets of this or other measures, follow the link <a href="https://www.uji.es/departaments/psi/base/opengrei/">GREI Longitudinal Project</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Se trata de un fichero longitudinal que aporta información sobre los estudiantes y el aula en todos los cursos, de primero a sexto. Es un fichero esencial que necesariamente los investigadores tendrán que fusionar con los otros ficheros que contengan las variables de su interés. El fichero proporciona información para identificar y localizar a cada estudiante en cada curso (p.e, número de identificación, cohorte y muestra a la que pertenece, aula en la que está escolarizado en cada curso, curso de incorporación o de salida de la muestra,…), e información demográfica (sexo, fecha de nacimiento, edad en cada curso,..), de inclusión (etnia, tiempo en España, dominio de la lengua española, grado de absentismo,…), su estatus sociométrico en cada momento y si reúne criterios para recibir intervención. Por último, también incluye datos sobre el aula en la que el participante está escolarizado cada curso y del profesor tutor (p.e., ratio del aula, si la composición del aula cambia de forma programada en determinados cursos, el sexo del profesor y si la clase ha cambiado de tutor respecto del curso anterior). La mayor parte de la información ha sido proporcionada por el profesor y forma parte de los ficheros STUDENT-INFORM y CLASSROOM-INFORM, pero también incluye información aportada por los investigadores en los ficheros SUJ-2 e información aportada por los iguales en los ficheros SOCIOMET-P. Los datos fueron recogidos en centros públicos de Castellón y Sevilla (España) mayoritariamente en otoño de cada curso, pero muchas variables también fueron medidas en primavera, desde primero a sexto curso de educación primaria, desde el curso escolar 2009-10 al curso escolar 2014-15. Para saber más sobre nuestra investigación y acceder a otros ficheros de datos de esta medida o de otras, siga el enlace <a href="https://www.uji.es/departaments/psi/base/opengrei/">Proyecto Longitudinal GREI</a></p>
Identification, Demographic and Sociometric Data of the Students and Classroom Data / Datos de Identificación, Demográficos y Sociométricos de los Alumnos y Datos del Aula // SUJ-1_Data_IC_T1toT6
<p>This is a longitudinal file that provides information about the students and the classroom in all grades, from first to sixth. It is an essential file that researchers will necessarily have to merge with the other files containing the variables of interest. The file provides information to identify and locate each student in each grade (e.g., identification number, cohort and sample to which he/she belongs, classroom in which he/she is enrolled in each grade, year of entry or exit from the sample,...), and demographic information (sex, date of birth, age in each grade,...), inclusion information (ethnicity, time in Spain, Spanish language proficiency, degree of absenteeism,...), his/her sociometric status at each moment and whether he/she meets criteria to receive intervention. Finally, it also includes data on the classroom in which the participant is enrolled each year and the tutor teacher (e.g., classroom ratio, whether the composition of the classroom is changing on a scheduled basis, sex of the teacher and whether the tutor has changed with respect to the previous year). Most of the information was provided by the teacher and is part of the STUDENT-INFORM and CLASSROOM-INFORM files, but it also includes information provided by researchers in the SUJ-2 files and information provided by peers in the SOCIOMET-P files. The data were collected in public schools in Castellón (Spain) mostly in the fall of each school year, but many variables were also measured in the spring, from first to sixth grade of primary education, from school year 2010-11 to school year 2015-16. To learn more about our research and access to other datasets of this or other measures, follow the link <a href="https://www.uji.es/departaments/psi/base/opengrei/">GREI Longitudinal Project</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Se trata de un fichero longitudinal que aporta información sobre los estudiantes y el aula en todos los cursos, de primero a sexto. Se trata de un fichero esencial que necesariamente los investigadores tendrán que fusionar con los otros ficheros que contengan las variables de su interés. El fichero proporciona información para identificar y localizar a cada estudiante en cada curso (p.e, número de identificación, cohorte y muestra a la que pertenece, aula en la que está escolarizado en cada curso, curso de incorporación o de salida de la muestra,…), e información demográfica (sexo, fecha de nacimiento, edad en cada curso,..), de inclusión (etnia, tiempo en España, dominio d la lengua española, grado de absentismo,…), su estatus sociométrico en cada momento y si reúne criterios para recibir intervención. Por último, también incluye datos sobre el aula en la que el participante está escolarizado cada curso y del profesor tutor (p.e., ratio del aula, si la composición del aula cambia de forma programada en determinados cursos, el sexo del profesor y si la clase ha cambiado de tutor respecto del curso anterior). La mayor parte de la información ha sido proporcionada por el profesor y forma parte de los ficheros STUDENT-INFORM y CLASSROOM-INFORM, pero también incluye información aportada por los investigadores en los ficheros SUJ-2 e información aportada por los iguales en los ficheros SOCIOMET-P. Los datos fueron recogidos en centros públicos de Castellón (España) mayoritariamente en otoño de cada curso, pero muchas variables también fueron medidas en primavera, desde primero a sexto curso de educación primaria, desde el (curso escolar 2010-11 al curso escolar 2015-16. Para saber más sobre nuestra investigación y acceder a otros ficheros de datos de esta medida o de otras, siga el enlace <a href="https://www.uji.es/departaments/psi/base/opengrei/">Proyecto Longitudinal GREI</a></p>
Non-random mating within an island rookery of Hawaiian hawksbill turtles: demographic discontinuity at a small coastline scale
<p>Hawksbill sea turtles (<em>Eretmochelys</em> <em>imbricata</em>) from the Hawaiian archipelago form a small and genetically isolated population, consisting of only a few tens of individuals breeding annually. Most females nest on the island of Hawai'i, but little is known about the demographics of this rookery. This study used genetic relatedness, inferred from 135 microhaplotype markers, to determine breeding sex-ratios, estimate female nesting frequency, and assess relationships between individuals nesting on different beaches. Samples were collected during the 2017 nesting season and final data included 13 nesting females and 1,002 unhatched embryos, salvaged from 41 nests, of which 13 had no observed mother. Results show that most females used a single nesting beach laying 1–5 nests each. From female and offspring alleles the paternal genotypes of 12 breeding males were reconstructed and many showed high relatedness to their mates. Pairwise relatedness of offspring revealed one instance of polygyny but otherwise suggest a 1:1 breeding-sex ratio. Relatedness analysis and spatial-autocorrelation of genotypes indicate non-random mating among complexes of nesting beaches, for both sexes, suggesting strong natal philopatry. Nesting complexes also showed unique patterns of inbreeding across loci, further indicating that Hawaiian hawksbill turtles have demographically discontinuous nesting populations on a fine spatial scale.</p>
Bioverse: The Habitable Zone Inner Edge Discontinuity as an Imprint of Runaway Greenhouse Climates on Exoplanet Demographics
<p>This repository contains data required to run the <a href="https://github.com/matiscke/hz-inner-edge-discontinuity">pipeline producing the results and figures in Schlecker+2023</a>, in particular results objects created with expensive model grid runs of <a href="https://github.com/danielapai/bioverse">Bioverse</a>.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.