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Fig. 2 in A New Apterous Species of the Genus Parathlibops Basilewsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Scaritinae) from the Western Ghats, a Global Hotspot of Biodiversity in Southwest India
Fig. 2. Parathlibops devagiriensis, new species, male. Habitus: a) Dorsal view, b) Ventral view. Head: c) Dorsal view: ω-like carination (red arrow) and stout mandibles with arrow-like space (blue arrow), d) Ventral view: mentum pits (red arrow), bisetose submentum (blue arrow). Aedeagal median lobe: e) Lateral view, f) Dorsal view, g) Ventral view. h) Parameres.
Data from: Near-global freshwater-specific environmental variables for biodiversity analyses in 1km resolution
The lack of freshwater-specific environmental information at sufficiently fine spatial grain hampers broad-scale analyses in aquatic biology, biogeography, conservation, and ecology. Here we present a near-global, spatially continuous, and freshwater-specific set of environmental variables in a standardized 1 km grid. We delineate the sub-catchment for each grid cell along the HydroSHEDS river network and summarize the upstream climate, topography, land cover, surface geology and soil to each grid cell using various metrics (average, minimum, maximum, range, sum, inverse distance-weighted average and sum). All variables were subsequently averaged across single lakes and reservoirs of the Global lakes and Wetlands Database that are connected to the river network. Monthly climate variables were summarized into 19 long-term climatic variables following the 'bioclim' framework. This new set of variables provides a basis for spatial ecological and biodiversity analyses in freshwater ecosystems at near global extent, yet fine spatial grain. To facilitate the generation of freshwater variables for custom study areas and spatial grains, we provide the 'r.stream.watersheds' and 'r.stream.variables' add-ons for the GRASS GIS software.
Figure 2 in A global biodiversity estimate of a poorly known taxon: phylum Tardigrada
Figure 2. Estimated global tardigrade diversity;, known numbers of taxa;, estimated species diversity; error bars are 95% confidence intervals; lower bars are not included as these are lower than the number of known species; y-axis is a logarithmic scale. A, marine species; B, limnoterrestrial species; and C, combined species.
Figure 1 in A global biodiversity estimate of a poorly known taxon: phylum Tardigrada
Figure 1. Images of a limnoterrestrial and marine tardigrade: A, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the limnoterrestrial eutardigrade Calohypsibius ornatus (Richters, 1900) (photo courtesy of Diane R. Nelson); B, drawing of the marine heterotardigrade Tanarctus bubulubus Jørgensen & Kristensen, 2001. Used with permission of the authors and publisher.
Figure 3 in A global biodiversity estimate of a poorly known taxon: phylum Tardigrada
Figure 3. Number of distinct first-author surnames for taxonomic papers listed in the checklist for tardigrades as a function of year;, terrestrial;, marine.
Data from: Estimating global biodiversity: the role of cryptic insect species
<p>How many species are there on Earth and to what groups do these species belong? These fundamental questions span systematics, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Yet, recent estimates of overall global biodiversity have ranged wildly, from the low millions to the trillions. Insects are a pivotal group for these estimates. Insects make up roughly half of currently described extant species (across all groups), with ~1 million described species. Insect diversity is also crucial because many other taxa have species that may be unique to each insect host species, including bacteria, apicomplexan protists, microsporidian fungi, nematodes, and mites. Several projections of total insect diversity (described and undescribed) have converged on ~6 million species. However, these projections have not incorporated the morphologically cryptic species revealed by molecular data. Here, we estimate the extent of cryptic insect diversity. We perform a systematic review of studies that used explicit species-delimitation methods with multi-locus data. We estimate that each morphology-based insect species contains (on average) 3.1 cryptic species. We then use these estimates to project the overall number of species on Earth and their distribution among major groups. Our estimates suggest that overall global biodiversity may range from 563 million to 2.2 billion species.</p>
BOLD Insecta and Araneae data files for "Mining biodiversity databases establishes a global baseline of cosmopolitan Insecta mOTUs: a case study on Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera) with consequences for biological control programs"
<p>These are the BOLD Insecta and Araneae DWC files for use with the automated scripting procedure from "Mining biodiversity databases establishes a global baseline of cosmopolitan Insecta mOTUs: a case study on Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera) with consequences for biological control programs".</p>
Fig. 3 in Research Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity
Fig. 3 Ages of extant genera and fossil placements. (a) Phylogenetic relationships for extant (genera are collapsed) and extinct cycads with support values (Posterior Probability indicated when> 0.3). Node support for extant genera is only indicated when <1. (b) Posterior distributions for the crown ages of the extant genera. Eo, Eocene; M, Miocene; N, Neogene; O, Oligocene; Pg, Paleogene. Ma, million years ago.
Fig. 2 in Research Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity
Fig. 2 Bayesian total-evidence dated phylogeny of Cycadales. This chronogram is the resulting consensus tree from the MrBayes analyses performed with the fossilized-birth-death model and an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock. The tree includes 321 extant species and 60 extinct species with median divergence times along with 95% Highest Posterior Density (blue bars) for each node. C, Carboniferous; J, Jurassic; K, Cretaceous; N, Neogene; P, Permian; Pg, Paleogene; T, Triassic.
Fig. 4 in Research Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity
Fig. 4 Historical biogeography of cycads. Estimates of ancestral areas were performed with a time-stratified model in Dispersal–Extinction–Cladogenesis (DEC) with fossils included (a) and with fossils excluded (b). The extant genera have been collapsed to focus on deep-time biogeography (for details within each genus, see Supporting Information Fig. S6 when fossils are included and Fig. S7 when fossils are excluded). The bottom-right corner legend indicates colored areas used in this study corresponding to colored squares for each node, representing inferred ancestral area(s) with the DEC model, and colored circles for fossil species representing known distributions (except for extant genera with one or two species only). The red-highlighted shades show the cycad expansion into Gondwana during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The bottom-left corner map represents the global paleogeography in the Jurassic (180 million years ago (Ma)). Paleomap used with permission © 2020 Colorado Plateau Geosystems Inc. Arrows indicate fossil species illustrated. Pictures from Mario Coiro. C, Carboniferous; N, Neogene; Perm, Permian; Pg, Paleogene.
Fig. 1 in Research Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity
Fig. 1 Global distribution of Cycadales. (a) Species richness of the 10 extant cycad genera across continents. (b) IUCN threat categories for 337 extant cycad species (redrawn from IUCN, 2022). (c) Map showing the extant distribution of cycad diversity (red areas) and sampled fossil localities (purple dots), indicating broader geographic distribution in the past.
Fig. 6 in Research Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity
Fig. 6 Reconstruction of the latitudinal span of cycads during geological times. This estimate has been obtained using the method of Silvestro et al. (2018b) as implemented in Zhang et al. (2022). Gray polygon represents the reconstructed span, black dots represent the paleolatitude and age of fossil tips, while black triangles show the latitude of extant species. C, Carboniferous; J, Jurassic; K, Cretaceous; N, Neogene; P, Permian; Pg, Paleogene; Tr, Triassic.
Fig. 5 in Research Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity
Fig. 5 Biogeographic processes explaining the global distribution pattern of cycads. The number of dispersal events into a region and out of a region as well as the number of local extinctions (extirpations) are compared between analyses including fossils (a, b) and analyses excluding fossils (c, d). Area names: WP, West Palearctic; EP, East Palearctic; WN, West Nearctic; EN, East Nearctic; CA, Central America; WI, Caribbean Islands; SA, South America; AF, Africa; IN, India; WA, Southeast Asia; AU, Australasia; GR, Greenland; AN, Antarctica.
Additional information for "Global shortfalls in documented actions to conserve biodiversity"
<p>Data, code and workflow to support findings of the paper "Global shortfalls in documented actions to conserve biodiversity". This ZIP folder contains an R project with a workflow to reproduce the results, figures, manuscript and associated supplementary material.</p> <h2>Code</h2> <p>The R code for all processing and analysis is all contained within the 'code' subdirectory. Scripts are numbered to indicate the running order. R markdown code and associated files (e.g. BIB and CSL files) for producing the documents are contained within the 'manuscript' subdirectory. All of the code is also available on <a href="https://github.com/rasenior/ConservationActions">GitHub</a>. </p> <h2>Data</h2> <p>The 'data' subdirectory contains everything needed to run the code as a demo. The original source data is not included because it is not ours to share. The processed data <em>are</em> available, at the path 'data/analysis'. These data are the same as used in the published manscript, thus enabling the results, figures and manuscript to be reproduced.</p> <h2>Figures</h2> <p>Most of the figures are generated by running the code with the data provided. Two figures are provided in the 'figs' subdirectory because they were created semi-manually:</p> <ul> <li> Figure 4 - the R code produces a CSV file ('figs/Fig4.csv') that was used to manually create Figure 4, first in PowerPoint ('figs/Fig4.pptx') and then exported to PNG ('figs/Fig4.png')</li> <li>Figure S1 - the code produces the individual schematic diagrams of Figure S1, which were combined together in Inkscape ('figs/FigS1.svg') and then exported to PNG ('figs/FigS1.png')</li> </ul>
Data from: Dissecting biodiversity in a global hotspot: uneven dynamics of immigration and diversification within the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa
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Data from: Global and regional priorities for marine biodiversity protection
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Data from: The importance of scattered trees for biodiversity conservation: a global meta-analysis
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Data from: A meta-analysis reveals global patterns of sediment effects on marine biodiversity
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Data from: Estimating global biodiversity: the role of cryptic insect species
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Data from: Near-global freshwater-specific environmental variables for biodiversity analyses in 1km resolution
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.