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Figure 9 in A redescription of the skull of Euoplocephalus tutus (Archosauria: Ornithischia): a foundation for comparative and systematic studies of ankylosaurian dinosaurs
Figure 9. Palate of Euoplocephalus tutus Lambe (1902) in ventral view, original and interpretive illustration. TMP 97.132.1. Scale bar, 100 mm. All abbreviations are listed in Appendix 1.
Figure 7 in A redescription of the skull of Euoplocephalus tutus (Archosauria: Ornithischia): a foundation for comparative and systematic studies of ankylosaurian dinosaurs
Figure 7. Cranium of Euoplocephalus tutus Lambe (1902) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), right lateral (C) and occipital (D) views. TMP 91.127.1. Scale bar, 100 mm.
Figure 2 in A redescription of the skull of Euoplocephalus tutus (Archosauria: Ornithischia): a foundation for comparative and systematic studies of ankylosaurian dinosaurs
Figure 2. Cranium of Euoplocephalus tutus Lambe (1902) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views, with the rostrum directed towards the top of the page. NMC 0210, holotype. Scale bar, 100 mm. Abbreviations in italics and parentheses reflect the original interpretation by Lambe (1902). All abbreviations are listed in Appendix 1.
Figure 1 in Aspects of comparative cranial mechanics in the theropod dinosaurs Coelophysis, Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus
Figure 1. Finite element (FE) models created in this study with respect to taxonomic position with the Theropoda. From left to right: A, Coelophysis bauri, skull and D, FEA model; B, Allosaurus fragilis, skull and E, FEA model; C, Tyrannosaurus rex, skull and F, FEA model. Grey patches on mesh indicate constrained region of model (in direction indicated by arrows). Scale bar = 10 cm. Phylogeny adapted from Holtz (2000) and Rauhut (2003); open circles indicate node-based taxa; black lines indicate stem-based taxa. Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fenestra; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; ltf, lower temporal fenestra; m, maxilla; n, nasal; or, orbit; par, parietal; po, postorbital; pm, premaxilla; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal.
Figure 13 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 13. Comparison of phylogenies derived from morphological and combined data sets. A, Strict consensus for molecular data (581 steps; CI = 0.801); B, Strict consensus tree for combined morphological and molecular data sets (611 steps, CI = 0.861). Bootstrap values are given above each internode. Note that the relationships within the slender-bodied clade are identical in the two trees, but relationships within the deep-bodied clade differ in the two trees.
Figure 12 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 12. Phylogeny of Danio according to morphological data. This phylogeny is the strict consensus tree derived from 16 morphological characters (20 steps, CI = 0.90). Character support for each node is given along side each branch. Numbers refer to characters listed in Table 2.
Figure 9 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 9. Separation of the epural from the neural arch. A, Opsariichthys (MCZ 32375) in which the epural abuts the rudimentary neural arch (arrow); B, D. pulcher (CU 77840) illustrates the separation of the neural arch and epural found in all Danio examined. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 10 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 10. Late ontogenetic variation in the posterior process of the fifth vertebra of D. kerri. A, a 'young' individual (CU 82554) of standard length (SL) = 27.6 mm; This individual is known to be less than five years old as it was an F1 from parents wild-caught in 1995. B, a larger individual (SL = 38.7 mm, CU 82551) and C, even larger individual (SL = 43.3 mm, CU 82551). B and C are known to be more than 5 years old; they were caught as adults in 1995 and maintained in captivity for 5 years. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 11 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 11. Intraspecific variation of the scaphium in D. kerri. A, 'young' individual of standard length (SL) = 27.6 mm (CU 82554); This individual is known to be less than five years old as it was an F1 from parents wild-caught in 1995. B, larger individual (SL = 38.7 mm, CU 82551); C, an even larger individual (SL = 43.3 mm, CU 82551). B and C are known to be more than 5 years old; they were caught as adults in 1995 and maintained in captivity for 5 years. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 8 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 8. Variation in the caudal skeleton of Danio. A, D. aequipinnatus (AMNH 15761); B, D. albolineatus (CU 77841); C, D. devario (CU 82548); D, D. kerri (CU 82554) note absence of the sixth hypural; E, D. malabaricus (MCZ 52399) note doubling of neural spines (arrow 1) and presence of the sixth hypural; F, D. pathirana (CU 85509); G, D. pulcher (CU 77840); H, D. quangbinhensis (AMNH 227913); I, D. regina (CU 82550); J, D. rerio (CU 82546); K, D. browni (CU 82553). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 5 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 5. Variation in the tripus. A, D. malabaricus (MCZ 52394); B, D. pulcher CU 77840). Note the ridge on the lateral face (arrow) of the tripus of D. malabaricus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figure 6 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 6. Reduction of the ascending process of the intercalarium. A, Zacco temminicki (CU 37570); B, D. aequpinnatus (AMNH 15761) with reduced ascending process of the intercalarium (shaded black) exemplifies the condition in Danio relative to the outgroups Zacco (A) and Opsariichthys. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 4 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 4. Variation in the supraneurals. A, Opsariichthys unicirostris (MCZ 32375); B, D. quangbinhensis (AMNH 227913); C, D. malabaricus (MCZ 52399); and D, D. pulcher (CU 77840). Arrow 1 shows the fusion of the anterior margin of the supraneural seen in all danios (B) relative to the outgroup Opsariichthys (A). Arrow 2 indicates the bowl shaped depression (C) in the dorsal surface of the supraneural as seen in D. alabaricus, D. pathirana and D. regina. Arrow 3 indicates the fused, thin dorsal margin of the second supraneural (D) characteristic of D. kerri, D. pulcher and D. rerio. Arrow 4 indicates the saddle-like medial ridge of the anterior supraneural as seen in D. kerri and D. pulcher. Arrow 5 points out the medial curving of the anterior supraneural (B) as seen in D. quangbinhensis and D. aequipinnatus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 2 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 2. Reduced parapophysis of the fifth vertebral centrum (arrow). Compare to unreduced vertebral parapophyses of vertebrae six and seven (D. malabaricus; MCZ 52399). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figure 3 in Comparative osteology of the Danio (Cyprinidae: Ostariophysi) axial skeleton with comments on Danio relationships based on molecules and morphology
Figure 3. The Weberian apparatus and anterior vertebrae of Danio. Camera lucida drawings of A, D. aequipinnatus (AMNH 15761) note relative size of first lateral process (arrow 3), compare to G; B, D. albolineatus (CU 82547); C, D. devario (CU 82548) note absence of flange of os suspensorium (arrow 1), compare to J; D, D. kerri (CU 82554); E, D. malabaricus (MCZ 52399); F, D. pathirana (CU 85509); G, D. pulcher (CU 77840) note relative size of first lateral process (arrow 3), compare to A; H, D. quangbinhensis (AMNH 227913); I, D. regina (CU 82550); J, D. rerio (CU 82546) note presence of flange on os suspensorium (arrow 1), compare to C; K, D. browni (CU 77893). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figure 9. A in Comparative morphology among trunk limbs of Caenestheriella gifuensis and Leptestheria kawachiensis (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)
Figure 9. A, outline of trunk limb 13 of adult female of Caenestheriella gifuensis showing inferred position of praecoxa (P), coxa (C), basis (B), exite (xt), exopod (EX), and the three segments of endopod (EN). Enditic lobes 1–5 are numbered; a, attenuate lobe; s, discoid lobe; broken line proximal to coxa represents arthrodial membrane present in younger limbs; broken line proximal to distal and middle endopodal segments represents arthrodial membranes present in transformed limbs of male; wavy lines are presumed locations of boundaries between proximal endopodal segment and basis, and between basis and coxa. B, hypothetical reconstruction of the origin of the biramal limb by axis duplication. Adult limb with setae along the duplicated ramus (exopod in thick lines) located dorsally and terminally, but only distad along the ventral face; the positions are a mirror image of the setae along the original ramus (endopod in thin lines), which are ventral and terminal, but only distad along the dorsal face; six endopodal segments from Siewing (1960); shape of segments is not significant. Praecoxa (P), coxa (C), basis (B); wavy line with M is mirror tilted slightly upward, toward the viewer.
Figure 8. Leptestheria kawachiensis. A, trunk limb 24 in Comparative morphology among trunk limbs of Caenestheriella gifuensis and Leptestheria kawachiensis (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)
Figure 8. Leptestheria kawachiensis. A, trunk limb 24 of juvenile (2.3 mm ¥ 1.4 mm), asetose limb, anterior, 'd' is dorsal. B, trunk limb 23 of juvenile (2.3 mm ¥ 1.4 mm), asetose limb, anterior, 'd' is dorsal. C, trunk limb 24 of adult (3.9 mm ¥ 2.3 mm), initial setose limb, anterior. D, trunk limb 24 of adult (8.0 mm ¥ 4.7 mm), second setose limb, anterior. Abbreviations and symbols as for Fig. 6.
Figure 6. Leptestheria kawachiensis. A, trunk limb 13 in Comparative morphology among trunk limbs of Caenestheriella gifuensis and Leptestheria kawachiensis (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)
Figure 6. Leptestheria kawachiensis. A, trunk limb 13 of juvenile (1.0 mm ¥ 0.8 mm), asetose limb, anterior, 'd' is dorsal. B, trunk limb 13 of juvenile (1.5 mm ¥ 0.8 mm), initial setose limb, anterior. C, trunk limb 13 of juvenile (1.5 mm ¥ 1.0 mm), second setose limb, anterior. D, trunk limb 13 of juvenile (1.9 mm ¥ 1.3 mm), third setose limb, anterior. Arrow on seta of presumptive attenuate lobe; remaining abbreviations and symbols as for Fig. 2.
Figure 3 in Comparative morphology among trunk limbs of Caenestheriella gifuensis and Leptestheria kawachiensis (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)
Figure 3. Caenestheriella gifuensis adult female (8.7 mm ¥ 5.4 mm). A, trunk limb 19, anterior. B, trunk limb 24, anterior. Arrow on setae of presumptive attenuate lobe. Abbreviations and symbols as for Fig. 2.
Figure 1 in Comparative morphology among trunk limbs of Caenestheriella gifuensis and Leptestheria kawachiensis (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)
Figure 1. Caenestheriella gifuensis adult female (8.7 mm ¥ 5.4 mm). Trunk limb 13, anterior. Ventral up, proximal right; arrow to discoid lobe; asterisk on base of attenuate lobe.
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