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2,001 results for “x-rays”
Replication data for "Single-shot X-ray ptychography as a structured illumination method"
<p>Replication data for "Single-shot X-ray ptychography as a structured illumination method," published in Optics Letters on January 15, 2025 at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.545836">https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.545836</a>. The author's accepted manuscript is available on the arXiv at <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.19197">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.19197</a>.</p>
Grain-Scale Stress Heterogeneity in Concrete from In-Situ X-Ray Measurements
<p>All data in this repository is described in Data-Description_Zenodo.docx.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset for Hybrid Approach to Reconstruct Nanoscale Grating Dimensions using Scattering and Fluorescence with Soft X-rays
<p>This dataset accompanies the paper titled "Hybrid approach to reconstruct nanoscale grating dimensions using scattering and fluorescence with soft X-rays" available on arXiv. It includes measurement data, optimization results and fit data collected from a nanoscale grating with a soft X-ray fluorescence scatterometer, a model of the experiment and weighted, combined regression.</p>
Raw X-ray data, CCDC: 2334824
<p>Raw x-ray data.</p>
Data from: How little data is enough? Phase-diagram analysis of sparsity-regularized X-ray computed tomography
We introduce phase-diagram analysis, a standard tool in compressed sensing (CS), to the X-ray computed tomography (CT) community as a systematic method for determining how few projections suffice for accurate sparsity-regularized reconstruction. In CS, a phase diagram is a convenient way to study and express certain theoretical relations between sparsity and sufficient sampling. We adapt phase-diagram analysis for empirical use in X-ray CT for which the same theoretical results do not hold. We demonstrate in three case studies the potential of phase-diagram analysis for providing quantitative answers to questions of undersampling. First, we demonstrate that there are cases where X-ray CT empirically performs comparably with a near-optimal CS strategy, namely taking measurements with Gaussian sensing matrices. Second, we show that, in contrast to what might have been anticipated, taking randomized CT measurements does not lead to improved performance compared with standard structured sampling patterns. Finally, we show preliminary results of how well phase-diagram analysis can predict the sufficient number of projections for accurately reconstructing a large-scale image of a given sparsity by means of total-variation regularization.
Data from: Letting the "cat" out of the bag: pouch young development of the extinct Tasmanian tiger revealed by X-ray computed tomography
The Tasmanian tiger or thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) was an iconic Australian marsupial predator that was hunted to extinction in the early 1900s. Despite sharing striking similarities with canids, they failed to evolve many of the specialized anatomical features that characterize carnivorous placental mammals. These evolutionary limitations are thought to arise from functional constraints associated with the marsupial mode of reproduction, in which otherwise highly altricial young use their well-developed forelimbs to climb to the pouch and mouth to suckle. Here we present the first 3D digital developmental series of the thylacine throughout its pouch life using X-ray computed tomography on all known ethanol-preserved specimens. Based on detailed skeletal measurements, we refine the species growth curve to improve age estimates for the specimens. Comparison of allometric growth trends in the appendicular skeleton (fore- and hindlimbs) with that of other placental and marsupial mammals revealed that despite their unique adult morphologies, thylacines retained a generalized early marsupial ontogeny. Our approach also revealed mislabelled specimens that possessed large epipubic bones (vestigial in thylacine) and differing vertebral numbers. All of our generated CT models are publicly available, preserving their developmental morphology and providing a novel digital resource for future studies of this unique marsupial.
Data from: Computational 3D histological phenotyping of whole zebrafish by X-ray histotomography
Organismal phenotypes frequently involve multiple organ systems. Histology is a powerful way to detect cellular and tissue phenotypes, but is largely descriptive and subjective. To determine how synchrotron-based X-ray micro-tomography (micro-CT) can yield 3-dimensional whole-organism images suitable for quantitative histological phenotyping, we scanned whole zebrafish, a small vertebrate model with diverse tissues, at ~1 micron voxel resolutions. Using micro-CT optimized for cellular characterization (histo-tomography), brain nuclei can be computationally segmented and assigned to brain regions. Shape and volume can be computed for populations of nuclei, motor neurons and red blood cells. Computed cell density revealed striking individual phenotypic variation. Unlike histology, histo-tomography allows the detection of phenotypes that require millimeter scale context in multiple planes. We expect the computational and visual insights into 3D tissue architecture provided by histo-tomography to be useful for reference atlases, hypothesis generation, comprehensive organismal screens, and diagnostics.
Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e).
Figure 1 in The skull of the rare Malaysian snake Anomochilus leonardi Smith, based on high-resolution X-ray computed tomography
Figure 1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Anomochilus leonardi (FRIM 0026) based on HRXCT data. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view with lower jaw digitally removed; D, anterior view; and E, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm. See key for abbreviations.
Fig. 9 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 9. Pectoral girdle of left side of Iracema caiana (MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL; pectoral fin rays digitally removed). (a) Lateral view; (b) Midsagittal view. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm. Abbreviations: pt+scl = posttemporal + supracleithrum; cl = cleithrum; co = coracoid; sc = scapula; mco = mesocoracoid; and ra = radials.
Figure 18 in Phase contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography and the oldest damselflies in amber (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hemiphlebiidae)
Figure 18. Jordanhemiphlebia electronica Kaddumi gen. et sp. nov., holotype, apical half of wing. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 12 in Phase contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography and the oldest damselflies in amber (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hemiphlebiidae)
Figure 12. Electrohemiphlebia barucheli gen. et sp. nov., holotype ARC 372.1, nodal region of forewing.
Figure 14 in Phase contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography and the oldest damselflies in amber (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hemiphlebiidae)
Figure 14. Electrohemiphlebia barucheli gen. et sp. nov., holotype ARC 372.1, apical part of forewing.
Fig. 43. Character 2 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 43. Character 2 (morphology of the caudalmost portion of the maxilloturbinal) optimized on the Meredith et al. (2009) topology. For character state 2.0, the caudal maxilloturbinal is simple in morphology and is attached to the nasal cavity wall or floor. For character state 2.1, the caudalmost portion of maxilloturbinal becomes an enclosed tube that tapirs into a cone that is unattached to the nasal cavity. States for this character are illustrated in figure 38.
Fig. 41 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 41. Coronal CT images showing differences in the morphology of the ventralmost ectoturbinal (char. 20). (A) ventralmost ectoturbinal bifurcates (char. 20.0), Didelphis virginiana, C464 (TMM M-2517); (B) ventralmost ectoturbinal does not bifurcate (char. 20.1), Dendrolagus lumholtzi, C280 (AMNH 65254). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SER, sphenethmoid recess.
Fig. 37 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 37. Digital rendering of the isolated right maxilloturbinal from Phascolarctos cinereus (TMM M- 2946) shown in (A) lateral, (B) rostral, (C) medial, and (D) caudal views. Labels indicate caudal and rostral ends of the maxilloturbinal for the lateral and medial views. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
Fig. 44. Character 16 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 44. Character 16 (presence or absence of rostral portion of endoturbinal I) optimized on Meredith et al. (2009) topology. For character state 16.0, the rostral portion of endoturbinal I is present. For character state 16.1, the rostral portion is absent. States for this character are illustrated in figure 39.
Fig. 46. Character 11 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 46. Character 11 (presence or absence of an uncinate process of nasoturbinal) optimized on Meredith et al. (2009) topology. Character state 11.0 is the presence of an uncinate process; 11.1 is the absence of the uncinate process. States for this character are illustrated in figure 14. Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
Fig. 32 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 32. Coronal CT images showing caudalmost attachment of the maxilloturbinal (char. 3). (A) maxilloturbinal attaches to the floor of the nasal cavity (char. 3.0), Phalanger orientalis, C201 (AMNH 157211); (B) maxilloturbinal attaches to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (char. 3.1), Macrotis lagotis, C370 (AMNH 74486). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.
Fig. 10 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 10. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the ossified rostral nasoturbinal (char. 6). (A) rostral nasoturbinal is well developed as a slender ventromedial directed process (char. 6.0), Dasyurus hallucatus, C160 (TMM M-6921), scale bar equals 5 mm; (B) rostral nasoturbinal is a small, robust bony process with a ventromedial inflection (char. 6.1), Dromiciops gliroides, C136 (FMNH 127463), scale bar equals 1 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.