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opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Putting green clipping yield, canopy reflectance, and vegetative indices by time from colorant and spray oil combination product application

Multispectral radiometry resolutely quantifies canopy attributes of similarly managed monocultures over wide and varied temporal arrays. Likewise, liquid phthalocyanine-containing products are commonly applied to turfgrass as a spray pattern indicator, dormancy colorant, and/or product synergist. While perturbed multispectral radiometric characterization of putting greens within 24 h of treatment by synthetic phthalocyanine colorant has been reported, explicit guidance on subsequent use is absent from the literature. Our objective was to assess creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. 'Penn G2') putting green reflectance and growth one to 14 d following semi-monthly treatment by synthetic Cu II phthalocyanine colorant (Col) and petroleum-derived spray oil (PDSO) combination product at a 27 L ha–1 rate and/or 7.32 hg ha–1 soluble N treatment by one of two commercial liquid fertilizers. As observed in a bentgrass fairway companion study, mean daily shoot growth and canopy dark green color index (DGCI) increased with Col+PDSO complimented N treatment. Yet contrary to the fairway study results, deflated mean normalized differential red edge (NDRE) or vegetative index (NDVI) resulted from an associated Col+PDSO artifact that severely impeded near infrared (810-nm) putting green canopy reflectance. Regardless of time from Col+PDSO combination product treatment, the authors strongly discourage turfgrass scientists from employing vegetative indices that rely on 760- or 810-nm canopy reflectance when evaluating such putting green systems.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Measurements of natural radioactivity levels and associated radiation hazard indices in Moringa plant leaf samples from selected areas in southern Ethiopia.

Moringa stenopetala (MS) is a multipurpose tree whose leaf is consumed by people of all ages in southern Ethiopia. In this study, natural radioactivity levels of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, as well as the related dangerous radiological characteristics, were measured on different sites of moringa samples using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. Average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in moringa leaves are found to be 0.49 ± 0.12, 3.84 ± 1.12, and 573.29 ± 26.79 Bq.kg-1, respectively. Moreover, the average values of the corresponding radiological parameters, Raeq, Hint, and annual effective dose (Eave) (sum), were also found to be 50.13 ± 3.79 Bq.kg-1, 0.136 ± 0.010, and 0.238 ± 0.089 mSvy-1, respectively. When the obtained results for all of the samples were compared to globally accepted criteria, they were discovered to be lower than the allowable world average levels. Furthermore, the lifetime cancer risk was revealed to be far lower than the allowable limit. According to the study, the risk of absorbing natural radionuclides from moringa leaf ingestion is insignificant. The findings can be utilized to create radiation safety norms and regulations for the use of moringa leaves as food and medication.

opencc-by-4.0May 2019View details →

Data sources for the manuscript on groundwater stress indicators published in Water Resources Research

We computed seven global-scale groundwater stress indicators at the 0.5° grid-cell level and for transboundary aquifers> 20,000 km². All indicators were calculated for current conditions (1981-2010 or 2001-2010) based on a homogenized version of the concatenated WATCH Forcing Data ERA-40 (WFD) and WFD ERA-Interim data sets (WFDEI). In addition, four of the indicators were computed for the 2050s (2041-2070) under the worst-case greenhouse gas emissions scenario RCP8.5 applying ten climate and irrigation scenarios. The scenarios were derived by combining two irrigation scenarios (“AAI constant” and “AAI LandSHIFT”) with model output from the five global climate models GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2 -ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and NorESM1-M. Here, we provide the WaterGAP model output used to compute the groundwater stress indicators. A description of the indicators and the underlying data can be found in the reference below. Moreover, a table with coordinates and grid-cell area [km²] used in WaterGAP is provided for the conversion of units. The model output comprises: 1. Monthly groundwater recharge (GWR and GWRswb) 1981-2010 and 2041-2070 [mm/month, km³/month] 2. Monthly groundwater withdrawals (WWg) 1981-2010 (constWU, transWU) and 2041-2070 (constWU) [m³/month] 3. Monthly net abstractions from groundwater (NAg) 1981-2010 (constWU, transWU) and 2041-2070 (constWU) [m³/month] 4. Monthly groundwater discharge (“gwrunoff”) 2001-2010 from a model run with human water use (transWU) [mm/month] 5. Monthly groundwater discharge (“gwrunoff”) 2001-2010 from a model run without human water use (NAT) [mm/month] 6. Monthly groundwater storage 2001-2010 from a model run with human water use (transWU) [mm] 7. Monthly groundwater storage 2001-2010 from a model run without human water use (NAT) [mm]

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Antelope space-use and behaviour indicate multi-level responses to varying anthropogenic influences in a highly human-dominated landscape

A primary means of conserving a species or a habitat in a human-dominated landscape is through promoting coexistence with humans while minimizing conflict. For this, we should understand how wildlife are impacted by direct and indirect human activities. Such information is rare from areas with high human densities. To investigate how animals respond to altered ecological conditions in human-dominated landscapes, we focussed on a wild herbivore of conservation concern in Krishnasaar Conservation Area (KrCA) in Nepal. Here, blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra, a generalist grazer, lives in refugia located in a growing human population. We studied the impacts of humans on habitat use and behaviour of blackbuck. We laid 250 x 250 m grid cells in the entire KrCA and carried out indirect sign surveys with three replications for habitat use assessment. We observed herds of blackbuck for 89 hours in different habitat types using scan sampling methods. Our habitat-use survey showed that habitats under intensive human use were hardly used by blackbuck, even when high-quality forage was available. Habitat openness was the major predictor of habitat-use inside the core area, where levels of human activities were low. We also found a positive correlation between habitat use by blackbuck and livestock. Blackbuck were substantially more vigilant when they were in forest than in grassland, again indicating an influence of risk. Overall, blackbuck appear to be sensitive to risk associated with both natural and anthropogenic factors. Our findings have direct implications for managing human-wildlife interactions in this landscape, specifically regarding strategies for livestock grazing in habitats highly used by blackbuck and concerning predictions of how changing land use will impact long-term persistence of blackbuck. Our work suggests that wild herbivores may be able to persist in landscapes with high human densities so long as there are refuges where human activities are relatively low.

Exploring the Effects of LC Parameters on Retention Indices of Small Molecules using Amine Scaling - Supplementary Data

In this document the retention times, calculated retention indices and calculated delta retention indices can be found that were used for the thesis on Exploring the Effects of LC Parameters on Retention Indices of Small Molecules using Amine Scaling, as well as the raw-data files of the performed measurements.

NRP "Cultural capital as a resource for the sustainable development of Latvia / CARD" Cultural Indicators Sub-project Dataset

The aim of this research is to define what kind of key challenges and implemented solutions regarding the artist status are common in Europe, and how to develop a systematic approach for artist recognition and support in the Baltic context. Using qualitative research methodology (desk research,  focus group discussions) the authors analyze the current theoretical and empirical discussion in the European Union member states and especially in the Baltic countries, highlighting different practices and experiences in defining the status and recognition of the artist, and support systems that adjust for specific needs in different countries. Full dataset contains tabular data (published here) and an audio recording of the focus group discussion, which is available under restricted access due to containing sensitive information (please contact luize.daksa@lka.edu.lv for further inquiries).

GSDR-I Global Sub-Daily Precipitation Indices - Dataset

Gauge and gridded time series indices and supplementary statistics from GSDR-I (an observation-based dataset of global sub-daily precipitation indices)

GSDR-I Global Sub-Daily Precipitation Indices - Validation Figures

Validation figures for gauge and gridded time series indices and supplementary statistics from GSDR-I (an observation-based dataset of global sub-daily precipitation indices)

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Second-line drug resistance markers as proxy indicators of sputum culture conversion for samples tested in Uganda

Increased TB disease burden arises as a result of low treatment success rates stemming from the emergence of second-line drug (SLD) resistance. We aimed at determining the usefulness of SLD resistance markers as proxy indicators of time to sputum culture conversion; a renowned predictor of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome, among SLD-resistant TB patients tested at the Uganda National TB Reference Laboratory (NTRL). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 bacteriologically confirmed SLDR TB patients with datasets including culture conversion time and second-line probe assay mutation profiles between 01/06/2017 and 31/12/2019. The data were then imported into STATA v15 for descriptive statistical analysis, Univariate cox proportional hazard model analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves at a 5% level of significance; p-value ≤ 0.05. Results indicate the median time was achieved at 3 (0–12) months across the studied patients. The rrs G1484T mutation associated with conferring drug resistance to aminoglycosides was observed to have the shortest median conversion time of 1.5 months and the longest by the gryB E540D at 5 months. A single mutation in the gryA gene locus showed higher converted proportions 70.8% (58.9–81.0) than those that had two 8.3% (3.1–17.3) or three 2.7% (0.3–10.0) mutations. We conclude that the studied second-line drug resistance markers had no statistically significant association with the time to sputum culture conversion, although increased drug resistance levels reduced the converted proportions and stressed the need to utilize molecular diagnostics data to better comprehend proxy indicators of SLD-resistant tuberculosis management.

Supplemental Figure S4. Nitrogen losses through feces, urine and milk as a percentage of the total N intake through feed (indicated by the red line), for each treatment group (CTRL, MetLys and MetLysHis) in each period (depletion, RP-AA, cross-back).

Supplemental Figure S4. Nitrogen losses through feces, urine and milk as a percentage of the total N intake through feed (indicated by the red line), for each treatment group (CTRL, MetLys and MetLysHis) in each period (depletion, RP-AA, cross-back). No significant differences nor tendencies were determined between treatment groups within every period by Tukey’s pairwise comparison test (P > 0.10). During the whole experiment all treatment groups received a low protein diet (CTRL). The cows in the MetLys group received rumen-protected (RP) Met (Excential Rumenpass MET, Orffa Additives) and RP-Lys (AjiPro-L, Ajinomoto H&N) during the RP-AA period. The cows in the MetLysHis group received RP-Met, RP-Lys and RP-His (experimental RP-His product, Ajinomoto Co.) during the RP-AA period.

Resilience indicators used in the multidimensional characterization of the resilience of urban areas prone to flash floods in the region of Castilla y León (Spain)

Database containing resilience indicators used in the characterization of all dimensions of resilience (social, economic, ecosystemic, physical, institutional and cultural) in those municipalities susceptible to flash floods in the region of Castilla y León (Spain). The database includes a total of 191 resilience indicators, of which 48 correspond to social resilience, 32 to economic resilience, 34 to ecosystem resilience, 44 to physical resilience, 27 to institutional resilience and 6 to cultural resilience. The Excel (.xlsx) file is organized by dimensions, where the prefix "SOC_" corresponds to the social dimension, "ECON_" to the economic dimension, "ECOS_" to the ecosystemic dimension, "PHY_" to the physical dimension, "INS_" to the institutional dimension and "CUL_" to the cultural dimension. Each dimension of resilience occupies two tabs: the first tab (suffixes "_data") contains the description of the indicators included (i.e., indicator code, unit of measurement, year of information, source of information, direct link to the information and bibliographic references that support the consideration of the different indicators); while the second tab (suffixes "_variables") contains the values of the different indicators (identified by their codes, which appear in the first tab) for each unit of analysis.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

A new genome of an African weakly electric fish (Campylomormyrus compressirostris, Mormyridae) indicates rapid gene family evolution in Osteoglossomorpha

Background Teleost fishes comprise more than half of the vertebrate species. Within teleosts, most phylogenies consider the split between Osteoglossomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha/Otomorpha as basal, preceded only by the derivation of the most primitive group of teleosts, the Elopomorpha. While Osteoglossomorpha are generally species-poor, the taxon contains the African weakly electric fish (Mormyroidei), which have radiated into numerous species. Within the mormyrids, the genus Campylomormyrus is mostly endemic to the Congo Basin. Campylomormyrus serves as a model to understand mechanisms of adaptive radiation and ecological speciation, especially with regard to its highly diverse species-specific electric organ discharges (EOD). Currently, there are few well-annotated genomes available for electric fish in general and mormyrids in particular. Our study aims at producing a high-quality genome and to use this to examine genome evolution in relation to other teleosts. This will facilitate further understanding of the evolution of the osteoglossomorph fish in general and of electric fish in particular. Results A high-quality weakly electric fish (C. compressirostris) genome was produced from a single individual with a genome size of 862Mb, consisting of 1,497 contigs with an N50 of 1,399 kb and a GC-content of 43.69%. Gene predictions identified 34,492 protein-coding genes, which is a higher number than in the two other available Osteoglossomorpha genomes of Paramormyrops kingsleyae and Scleropages formosus. A CAFE5 analysis of gene family evolution comparing 33 teleost fish genomes suggests an overall faster gene family turnover rate in Osteoglossomorpha than in Otomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha. Moreover, the ratios of expanded/contracted gene family numbers in Osteoglossomorpha are significantly higher than in the other two taxa, except for species that had undergone an additional genome duplication (Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus mykiss). As potassium channel proteins are hypothesized to play a key role in EOD diversity among species, we put a special focus on them, and manually curated 16 Kv1 genes. We identified a tandem duplication in the KCNA7a gene in the genome of C. compressirostris. Conclusions We present the fourth genome of an electric fish and the third well-annotated genome for Osteoglossomorpha, enabling us to compare gene family evolution among major teleost lineages. Osteoglossomorpha appears to exhibit rapid gene family evolution, with more gene family expansions than contractions. The curated Kv1 gene family showed seven gene clusters, which is more than in other analyzed fish genomes outside Osteoglossomorpha. The KCNA7a, encoding for a potassium channel central for EOD production and modulation, is tandemly duplicated which may related to the diverse EOD observed among Campylomormyrus species.

Data from: Indices of Extremes: Geographic patterns of change in extreme temperature and precipitation under climate intervention

This dataset comprises the python notebooks and associated data used to produce Figures 1-9, 12-14, and all supplemental figures in  Tye et al. 2022 "Indices of Extremes: Geographic patterns of change in extremes and associated vegetation impacts under climate intervention" Earth System Dynamic, 13, 1233-1257. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1233-2022 Script is also included to process data from NCAR's HPC Campaign archive and produce figures 10 and 11. The full output from the GLENS simulation are available from from https://data.ucar.edu/dataset/stratospheric-aerosol-geoengineering-large-ensemble-project-glens

Biomarker indices and concentrations and biomarker-based temperature estimates from the Iberian Margin core MD95-2042, composite atmospheric temperature record from Greenland, and stacks of delta 18Oice and atmospheric temperature records from three Antarctic sites

Core MD95-2042 alkenone and GDGT data: This dataset provides the following information for core MD95-2042: depth, age, summed OH-GDGT, iGDGT, and di-unsaturated and tri-unsaturated C37 alkenone concentrations, OH-GDGT-based, iGDGT-based, and alkenone-based paleothermometric indices, GDGT-2/GDGT-3 ratio, and biomarker-based sea surface temperature (SST) and 0‐ to 200‐m sea temperature (subT; gamma function probability distribution for target temperatures with a = 4.5 and b = 15) estimates. Sediment samples were taken every 5 cm from core MD95-2042 and homogenized before lipid extraction. The lipid extracts were splitted into two fractions: one for alkenone analysis by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector, and the other for GDGT analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. All GDGT analyses were done in duplicate. The 1σ analytical uncertainties from 37 replicate analyses of the core catcher sample from core MD95-2042 are 0.007 (0.4 °C) for RI-OH, 0.008 (0.2 °C) for RI-OH′, 0.003 (0.2 °C) for TEX86, 0.238 for GDGT-2/GDGT-3, and 0.010 (0.26 °C) for UK′37. RI-OH′-SST estimates are from the following global calibration: SST = (RI-OH′ + 0.029)/0.0422 (Fietz et al., 2020). RI-OH-SST estimates are from the following global calibration: SST = (RI-OH − 1.11)/0.018 (Lü et al., 2015). TEX86H-SST estimates are from the following regional paleocalibration: SST = 68.4 × TEX86H + 33.0 (Darfeuil et al., 2016). UK′37-SST estimates are from the following global calibration: SST = 29.876 × UK′37 − 1.334 (Conte et al., 2006). Bayesian calibrations were also used for TEX86-SST and TEX86-subT estimates (BAYSPAR; Tierney & Tingley, 2014, 2015) and for UK′37-SST estimates (BAYSPLINE; Tierney & Tingley, 2018). Alkenone data covering the 160–70 and 70–0 ka BP periods are from Davtian et al. (2021) and Darfeuil et al. (2016), respectively. GDGT data covering the 160–45 ka BP period are from Davtian et al. (2021). The age model of core MD95-2042 for the 160–43 and 43–0 ka BP periods was obtained by tuning to Chinese speleothems (Cheng et al., 2016) and by recalibrating existing 14C ages with the Marine20 calibration curve (Heaton et al., 2020), respectively. MIS, Marine Isotope Stage; GDGT, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; and N/A, not available. Greenland atmospheric temperature record: This dataset consists in a composite Greenland atmospheric temperature record, which was built with the following records: the GISP2 atmospheric temperature record by Kobashi et al. (2017) for the 10–0 ka BP period, the NGRIP atmospheric temperature record by Kindler et al. (2014) for the 120–10 ka BP period, and the NEEM atmospheric temperature record by NEEM community members (2013) for the 129–120 ka BP period. The NEEM temperature anomalies obtained by NEEM community members (2013) were shifted by –31 °C to obtain absolute air temperatures. The employed age model is the one of Davtian and Bard (2023) for Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. Antarctic δ18Oice and atmospheric temperature stacks: This dataset consists in two stacks of three Antarctic records (EDC, EDML, and WD), one for δ18Oice and the other for atmospheric temperature: both stacks are provided with their stacking uncertainties. To build the Antarctic δ18Oice stack, the Antarctic δ18Oice records were resampled every 10 years before centering to zero means and normalization to unit standard deviations over the 140–0 ka BP period (68–0 ka BP for WD). To optimize the continuity between the portions with and without the WD ice core, the Antarctic δ18Oice records were centered to zero means over the 68–67 ka BP period. The resulting Antarctic δ18Oice records were then averaged and stacking uncertainties were calculated as the pooled standard deviation of the stacked Antarctic δ18Oice records divided by the square root of the number of stacked Antarctic δ18Oice records. The final Antarctic δ18Oice stack, expressed in &permil;, has the same standard deviation as the δ18Oice record from EDML over the 140–0 ka BP period, and has a zero mean over the 1–0 ka BP. The Antarctic atmospheric temperature stack was built like the Antarctic δ18Oice stack, except that the Antarctic δ18Oice records were corrected for seawater δ18Oice variations before conversion into atmospheric temperature. The employed age model is the one of Davtian and Bard (2023) for Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Functional and taxonomic diversity indices of riparian plants in river networks

1. The River Continuum Concept (RCC) predicts a gradual shift of organisms' functional adaptations along the longitudinal (upstream-downstream) gradient, as well as the maximization of the biotic diversity in mid-reaches. Although this theoretical framework was originally developed for stream macroinvertebrates, we tested whether such a pattern can be also observed in riparian plant communities. 2. We studied the cover of plant species in riparian forests across two river networks. We analyzed the taxonomic and functional diversity indices, as well as community-weighted means of functional traits in relation to the plots' position in the catchments. 3. The observed patterns were largely in line with the predictions of RCC. We discovered a significant decrease in the specific leaf area and an increase in the herbaceous plants' height in communities along a river gradient. There was also a shift in the dispersal syndromes, towards a higher importance of zoochory in the lower reaches. 4. The functional richness and divergence displayed unimodal patterns of increasing values in the mid-reaches. The patterns of taxonomic diversity were similar, but some plots in the lowest reaches were more diverse than expected, forming an additional increase in diversity. 5. The study shows that plant communities in natural riparian forests show high connectivity along the longitudinal gradient, which along with the environmental gradients creates patterns that are known from theoretical predictions.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

SWDA Inequalities Dataset: Safe Water Drinking Water Access Indicator and Inequalities Indexes of Brazilian Municipalities

The SWDA Inequalities Dataset consist on results of Safe Drinking Water Access - SDWA indicators and inequalities indexes obtained by an adapted Lorenz Curve approach calculated for all Brazilian municipalities.The main datasource is the Brazillian 2010 Demographic Census, which is the last Population Census data publicaly available. The SDWA indicators are weighted by the SDWA values corresponding to census tracts considering permanent private household residents (Eq. 2). The safe drinking water sources are: (i) general water distribution network; (ii) well or spring located on the property; (iii) rainwater stored in a cistern, cement box, etc.; (iv) or well or spring outside the property, tank car, rainwater stored otherwise, river, dam, lake or stream, or another form of water supply. Considering that these drinking water sources differ in terms of accessibility, availability and water quality, the AHP Method was applied to obtain different weights for each form of water access (Eq. 1). The Gini Index (G_water), Concentration Coefficient (C_water) and Dissimilarity Index (D_water), were adapted to analyze inequalities in SDWA. The Safe Drinking Water Concentration Index is obtained from the Lorenz Curve, with the percentage of residents in permanent households accumulated and ordered by per capita income in the abscissa of the graph (Eq. 3). The per capita income is obtained by the ratio between the total nominal monthly income and the number of residents of the permanent households of each census tract. The Safe Drinking Water Gini Index was similarly adapted, with the residents accumulated and ordered by the safe drinking water rate in the abscissa of the graph (Eq. 4).  The ratios between Upper and Lower Quintiles (R_8020) were obtained for each municipality, that is, the relationship between the rates of SDWA for permanent private households that represent 20% of the residents with the highest average per capita income (4th quintile represented by Q4) and the most economically unfavorable 20% (1st quintile represented by Q1) (Eq. 5). The Safe Drinking Water Dissimilarity Index is calculated by the weighted average of the absolute difference of the SDWA indicator of each quintile of the average per capita income and the average rate (Eq. 6). The inequalities indexes are also presented as normalized values (G_water_norm, C_water_norm, R_8020_norm, D_water_norm). \(t_{water} = 0.376*t_{piped} + 0.309*t_{well} + 0.274*t_{cistern} + 0.041*t_{others} \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 1) \) \(0.041 \leq t_{water} \leq 0.368\) \(t_{piped} + t_{well} + t_{cistern} + t_{others} = 1\) t is the relationship between residents in permanent private households with access (piped, well, cistern and/or other) and the total number of residents in permanent private households. \(SDWA = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (t_{water_{norm_i}}*p_i)}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(p_i)} \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 2)\) considering the percentage of residents in permanent private households of each sector (pi) and the number of census tracts (n). \(C_{water} = (p_{r_i}*t_{water_{norm_{i+1}}} - p_{r_{i+1}}*t_{water_{norm_{i}}}) + ... + (p_{r_{i-1}}*t_{water_{norm_{i}}} - p_{r_i}*t_{water_{norm_{i-1}}}) \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 3)\) where \(p_{r_i}\) stand for a percentage of residents in permanent private households ordered by average income per capita, with Cwater ranging between -1 and 1. \(G_{water} = 1 - {\sum_{i=1}^{n}(p_{w_i}-p_{w_{i-1}})*(t_{water_{norm_i}} + t_{water_{norm_{i-1}}}}) \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 4)\) where \(p_{w_i}\)  is the percentage of residents in permanent private households ordered by the weighted water access rate ( \(t_{water_{norm}}\)), and Gwater ranging between 0 and 1. \(R_{80/20} = \frac{t_{water_{norm_{Q_4}}}}{t_{water_{norm_{Q_1}}}} \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 5)\) with R80/20 ranging between 0 and ∞. \(D_{water} = \frac{1}{2\overline t_{water_{norm}}} \times \sum_{i=1}^{n}\beta_i |t_{water_{norm_i}} - \overline t_{water_{norm}}| \{ \sum \beta_i = 1 \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (Eq. 6)\) with βi standing for the proportion of group i in the sample, \(\overline t_{water_{norm}}\)  the normalized mean safe drinking water access rate of the municipality, \(t_{water_{norm_i}}\) the normalized safe drinking water access rate of group i, with a value between 0 and 1; and n the number of groups (n= 5); with Dwater presenting values between 0 and 1.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

The data table of eleven invasive species in Hungary and Romania: Invasive species' cover, invasive species' traits, basic characteristics, trait composition, functional diversity indices and soil parameters of recipient plant communities

We studied 11 widespread herbaceous invasive alien species of East-Central Europe and their 16 impact metrics (resident plant communities' ecological characteristics, trait composition, functional diversity, and soil parameters) by sampling invaded and similar, uninvaded sites (space-for-time substitution method). Our aim was to (1) investigate the detailed ecological impacts of invasive plants on native plant communities; (2) explore the type of cover-impact relationships across impact metrics and their consistency across species; (3) study whether the cover-impact relationship depends on functional traits of invasive species. We present the data table with the 11 invasive species: the status of the sites (invaded, uninvaded), the cover of invasive species at plot level, the invasive species traits (lifespan, height, SLA, seed mass, clonal spread, flowering duration), community characteristics (species richness and diversity, native vegetation cover and bare ground cover at plot level), trait composition of native plant communities (native vegetation height, CWM height, CWM SLA, CWM seed mass, CWM clonal spread), functional diversity (functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, functional distance, RaoQ) and soil properties (N, P, organic C, pH).

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Data from: Acoustic indices estimate breeding bird species richness with daily and seasonally variable effectiveness in lowland temperate Białowieża forest

Biodiversity monitoring is important to follow temporal changes of the environment. We examined whether acoustic indices can be used as a rapid and easy-to-apply tool for bird biodiversity estimation in one of the least changed European lowland forests – the Białowieża Forest. We collected soundscape recordings in early and late spring at 84 randomly chosen recording points. At each recording point, we analysed 72 1-min sound samples to evaluate how well acoustic indices predict bird species richness from the perspective of a single sound sample, single survey, and recording point, and how they follow the daily pattern of singing activity. For each 1-min sound sample, we prepared a list of vocalizing bird species and calculated three acoustic indices: Bioacoustic Index (BI), Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), and Acoustic Diversity Index (ADI). We found that from the perspective of a single 1-min sound sample, BI best predicts the bird species richness, independently of time in the season but variably across the day, while ACI and ADI showed weaker and seasonally and daily variable dependency. The correlation between each index and the number of bird species was stronger in the early survey than in the late survey. All acoustic indices followed daily bird activity patterns, yet they provided greater values before the peak of the species richness estimated by manual spectrogram scanning and listening to recordings. We showed that acoustic indices correlate moderately to strongly with the bird species richness obtained by manual spectrogram scanning and listening to recordings by humans. Therefore, acoustic indices can be used as a tool for rapid estimation of bird biodiversity in temperate forests. However, daily and seasonal variation in effectiveness of acoustic indices should be taken into account in the analysis.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2020/2021 – Portugal

This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1729. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision (EU) 2020/172. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included. Reporting authorities contributing to 2021 AMR data collection: Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária