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13,017 results for “Positionning”
Data from: Female and male plumage brightness is positively correlated among populations of the dichromatic Variable Seedeater
<p>Because studies of plumage coloration often focus on highly elaborate and conspicuous males, little is known about the factors driving the evolution of drab plumage in females of dichromatic species. We explored variation in the color properties of drab female plumage across subspecies of the Variable Seedeater (<em>Sporophila corvina</em>), and found a correlation between plumage brightness of male and female plumage patches. This correlation is consistent with the hypothesis that differences in plumage brightness among females result, at least partially, from a genetic correlation or shared developmental pathway with the more conspicuous male plumage traits that are shaped by sexual selection. Further, we modeled the perception of female plumage using the avian visual system and found that most of the variation in color among females is mostly undetectable by birds; therefore, it is unlikely for such variation to have evolved via direct sexual selection as a signal for recognition or assortative mating. Together, these results suggest that variation in <em>S. corvina</em> female color result from non-adaptive processes. However, we found a reduced variation on color of dorsal patches compared with that of ventral patches among females, which could be explained by natural selection operation on crypsis, reducing the variation on dorsal patches. Finally, we found little differences in plumage color between adult females and juveniles, which suggest selection for juveniles to resemble adult females possibly to reduce aggression from adult males. Additional within-population studies and behavioral experiments are needed to discern the evolutionary factors driving variation on <em>S. corvina</em> female color and its function.</p>
Strength of the 'island rule' in birds is positively associated with absence of avian predators
<p>The similar characteristics shared by island environments have been shown to lead to common patterns of adaptations in island species, commonly referred to as the "insularity syndrome". A well-known example is the "island rule", where large species become smaller on islands and small species become larger, leading to well-known cases of dwarfism and gigantism. This pattern was recently verified on a global scale, but the mechanisms underlying it have been poorly investigated. Here, we focused on the role of released pressure from predation and competition experienced by island birds. Using 120 pairs of endemic island species and their mainland sister relatives, we first verified that the island rule was detected in our dataset, and then evaluated the effects of the numbers of raptors and inter-specific competitors on the evolution of the insular species' body mass. We found a strong effect of predation on body mass evolution, with a stronger island rule for species occurring on islands with no raptors, while the pattern disappears in their presence. However, we did not find an effect of competition on this pattern. Our study shows the importance of considering ecological interactions for understanding patterns of body size evolution, and the exceptions to those patterns.</p>
Silver Standard of quantified positive, negative and neutral German noun phrases
<p>Repository: silver standard quantified (simple) noun phrases</p> <p>43,842 positive (+), negative (-) or neutral (0) NPs, </p> <p>e.g. "ein notorischer Verführer -5.625" is highly negative (-5.625)</p> <p>see References LREC for a description of the data</p> <p>Format: tsv</p> <p>References:</p> <p>@inproceedings{LREC,<br> month = {Juni},<br> author = {Manfred Klenner and Anne G{\"o}hring},<br> booktitle = {Proceedings of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference},<br> address = {Marseille, France},<br> title = {Animacy Denoting {G}erman Nouns: Annotation and Classification},<br> publisher = {European Language Resources Association},<br> pages = {1360--1364},<br> year = {2022},<br> language = {english},<br> url = {https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-219148},<br> abstract = {In this paper, we introduce a gold standard for animacy detection comprising almost 14,500 German nouns that might be used to denote either animate entities or non-animate entities. We present inter-annotator agreement of our crowd-sourced seed annotations (9,000 nouns) and discuss the results of machine learning models applied to this data.}<br> }<br> </p>
Effects of grip position on forearm muscle surface electromyography activity during maximal isometric finger dead-hangs in rock climbers
<p>Dataset from the study titled: "Effects of grip position on forearm muscle surface electromyography activity during maximal isometric finger dead-hangs in rock climbers"</p> <p>The dataset includes data from: participant's characteristics, maximal absolute and BW relative loads used during dead-hangs, EMG RMS data for each of the registered muscles and grip positions, and neuromuscular efficiency data for each muscle and grip position.</p>
Data used in the paper "High Performance H2−Mn Regenerative Fuel Cells through an Improved Positive Electrode Morphology "
<p>The data in this spreadsheet was used to produce the figures in the paper</p> <p>Authors:Javier Rubio-Garcia, Anthony Kucernak, Barun Kumar Chakrabarti , Dong Zhao , Danlei Li2, Yuchen Tang , Mengzheng Ouyang , Chee Tong John Low and Nigel Brandon </p> <p>Title:High Performance H2−Mn Regenerative Fuel Cells through an Improved Positive Electrode Morphology </p> <p>Journal:Batteries</p> <p>DOI:</p> <p>Please cite the above reference if you wish to use this data</p> <p>DOI of data:10.5281/zenodo.7599405</p>
Narratives on the present and the future in the time of Covid-19 pandemic: Uncertainty, subjective feeling and the role of positive anticipatory states.
<p><strong>Narratives on the present and the future in the time of Covid-19 pandemic: Uncertainty, subjective feeling and the role of positive anticipatory states.</strong></p>
GNSS position time series (.neu files) and seismic velocity strcture (Profil_lat2822_Vp_Vs.dat) used in the manuscript
<p>These are the raw GNSS time series files (in .neu format) and seismic velocity strcture file (Profil_lat2822_Vp_Vs.dat) we used in the manuscript. These data are not allowed to use before the manuscript is accepted.</p>
Machine vision for vial-positioning detections towards safe automation of material synthesis
<p>This repository contains an DenseSSD's datasets that predicts vial-positioning detection using object detection techniques. DenseSSD can play vital roles in addressing these safety issues as well as can alert to user's messenger to notify and fix safety issues as soon as possible.</p>
High-rate GNSS Raw Doppler Positive Impact on Cascading Filter-based Approach for Improving Real-time Transient Coseismic Velocities Modeling
<p>The high-rate GNSS average and instantaneous coseismic velocity waveforms for the 2016 Mw 6.6 Norcia earthquake and the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku earthquake are included in this repository.</p>
Drought neutralizes positive effects of long-term grazing on grassland productivity through altering plant-soil interactions
<p>Livestock grazing is among the most intensive land-use activities in grasslands and can affect plant communities directly or indirectly via grazing-induced soil legacies. Under climate change, grasslands are threatened globally by recurrent drought. However, the extent to which drought influences grazing-induced soil legacy effects on plant biomass production and community composition remains largely unexplored.</p> <p>We grew five naturally co-occurring plant species (three dominants and two subordinates) in mixed communities in a glasshouse experiment in live and sterilized soil that had or had not been subjected to 19 years of grazing; these plant communities were then exposed to a subsequent drought. We tested the treatment effects on plant community biomass, proportional aboveground biomass of individual species, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal root colonization, and soil nutrient availability.</p> <p>Under drought-free conditions, soils from grazed plots produced significantly higher plant aboveground and total community biomass compared to soils from ungrazed plots. In contrast, plant aboveground and total community biomass were similar between grazed and ungrazed soils under drought conditions. Similarly, soils from grazed plots increased the proportional biomass of dominant species but decreased the proportion of subordinate species; however, the proportional biomass of dominant and subordinate species was similar between grazed and ungrazed soils under drought conditions. Soil NO3--N in grazed soil was significantly higher compared to ungrazed soil. Drought dramatically increased soil NO3--N in sterilized soil and had a more pronounced increase in grazed soil than in ungrazed soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonization from grazed soil was lower compared to ungrazed soil. Drought significantly increased the soil available phosphorus concentration, as well as plant community AM fungal root colonization.</p> <p>Synthesis. Our study suggests that drought can neutralize positive grazing effects on plant community biomass production via altered plant-soil interactions. Also, we found that drought can alleviate the negative effects of grazing legacies on subordinate species by reducing the competitiveness of dominant species. Our study provides new insights for understanding the underlying mechanisms of grazing effects on grassland productivity under climate change.</p>
Beneficial effects of exercise prior to development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in genotype positive mice
<p>Supplementary data for research article titled "Beneficial effects of exercise initiated prior to development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in genotype positive mice"</p>
Positive p53 expression is significantly found higher in luminal B HER-2 negative cases with primary endocrine therapy resistance: A multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study in Indonesia
<p><strong>Positive p53 expression is significantly found higher in luminal B HER-2 negative cases with primary endocrine therapy resistance: A multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study in Indonesia</strong></p>
Visualization of electric field distribution inside streamer zones of positive and negative lightning leaders
<p>This online storage contains numerous 3D visualizations of streamer coronas of positive and negative lightning leaders (figures named “3D”) along with 2D distributions of electric field inside and at the close vicinity of their streamer zones (figures named “2D”).</p> <p>In 3D figures yellow links are streamer channels growing from the leader tip (short red link). Solid red areas denote the volumes inside which electric field amplitude exceeds the air breakdown threshold amounting 2.9 MV/m at the considered altitude of 1 km above the mean sea level. Values in legends of each panel are (from left to right) percentage of horizontal links, streamer zone fractal dimension, leader channel sheath line charge density, and the maximal value of local electric field.</p> <p>2D figures present electric field distributions inside and at the close vicinity of streamer zones of positive and negative lightning leaders in x-z and y-z planes for the cases presented in Figs. “3D”. Upper panels visualize vector fields superimposed on equipotential lines. Bottom panels show electric field amplitudes. Dotted lines denote streamer corona borders in corresponding planes.</p> <p>In model realizations the vast majority of streamer zones of positive leaders does not have the areas with electric field exceeding the dielectric strength of air. However, only “successful” cases, in which the amplitudes of local electric field amplifications were bigger than 2.9 MV/m, are shown here.</p>
Henslow's Sparrow shows positive response to prescribed fire rotation data
<p>We examined Henslow's Sparrow (<em>Centronyx henslowii</em>) response to prescribed fire at 32 grasslands at Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Indiana from 1999–2009. We burned grasslands in the spring between 1999 and 2007 and monitored Henslow's Sparrows for up to 4 years after treatment. We used linear mixed models to analyze our data. Henslow's Sparrow counts were correlated with time since prescribed fire and grassland size. The estimated changes in mean Henslow's Sparrow density relative to pre-burn densities were -0.19, 1.15, 0.74, and -0.68 birds per hectare for 1 to 4 breeding seasons after a spring burn, respectively. We found that Henslow's Sparrows preferred larger grasslands both during the first breeding season after prescribed fire, when vegetation was presumed to possess less litter and structural density, and during the fourth breeding season after fire, when vegetation was presumed to be a more ideal composition, but preferred smaller grasslands in the interim. Thus, grassland size shapes the magnitude of Henslow's Sparrow population response to fire, with populations in smaller grasslands experiencing greater amplitude changes. Larger grasslands might provide more habitat diversity following prescribed fire, attenuating population change. On average, Henslow's Sparrows responded positively to prescribed fire in a network of grasslands and cumulative net change in densities were highest three breeding seasons after a burn, suggesting that maintaining this burn frequency would be beneficial to Henslow's Sparrow abundance.</p>
Data for: Early radial positional information in the cochlea is optimized by a precise linear BMP gradient and enhanced by SOX2
<p>Positional information encoded in signaling molecules is essential for early patterning in the prosensory domain of the developing cochlea. The sensory epithelium, the organ of Corti, contains an exquisite repeating pattern of hair cells and supporting cells. This requires precision in the morphogen signals that set the initial radial compartment boundaries, but this has not been investigated. To measure gradient formation and morphogenetic precision in developing cochlea, we developed a quantitative image analysis procedure measuring SOX2 and pSMAD1/5/9 profiles in mouse embryos at embryonic day (E)12.5, E13.5, and E14.5. Intriguingly, we found that the pSMAD1/5/9 profile forms a linear gradient up to the medial ~75% of the PSD from the pSMAD1/5/9 peak in the lateral edge during E12.5 and E13.5. This is a surprising activity readout for a diffusive BMP4 ligand secreted from a tightly constrained lateral region since morphogens typically form exponential or power-law gradient shapes. This is meaningful for gradient interpretation because while linear profiles offer the theoretically highest information content and distributed precision for patterning, a linear morphogen gradient has not yet been observed. Furthermore, this is unique to the cochlear epithelium as the pSMAD1/5/9 gradient is exponential in the surrounding mesenchyme. In addition to the information-optimized linear profile, we found that while pSMAD1/5/9 is stable during this timeframe, an accompanying gradient of SOX2 shifts dynamically. Last, through joint decoding maps of pSMAD1/5/9 and SOX2, we see that there is a high-fidelity mapping between signaling activity and position in the regions that will become Kölliker's organ and the organ of Corti. Mapping is ambiguous in the prosensory domain precursory to the outer sulcus. Altogether, this research provides new insights into the precision of early morphogenetic patterning cues in the radial cochlea prosensory domain.</p>
Soil fungal communities contribute to the positive diversity-productivity relationship of tree communities under contrasting water availability
<p><span>Plant diversity has often been linked to increased productivity; however, this apparent diversity-productivity relationship may rely on inter-trophic interactions such as those between plants and soil microbes. Soil fungi can create complementarity between plant species via altered plant resource partitioning, facilitation via fungal networks, or biotic feedbacks, thereby promoting plant diversity-productivity relationships. Furthermore, these relationships are likely to be context-dependent in response to resource availability. </span></p> <p><span>We used a biodiversity-ecosystem function experiment with trees exposed to high and low water availability treatments to determine the contribution of soil fungal communities to the diversity-productivity relationship in tree communities. We used amplicon sequencing of soil fungi to assess fungal richness, community composition, and richness of functional guilds. We then applied structural equation modelling to determine relationships between tree diversity, fungal communities, and tree productivity and the role of water availability in these relationships.</span></p> <p><span>Tree species richness and functional diversity both increased above-ground tree productivity and influenced soil fungal community composition. Fungal community composition had a direct impact on tree productivity and enhanced net diversity effects on productivity. Therefore, fungal communities mediated a positive, indirect effect of tree richness on productivity. While total fungal richness was not associated with tree diversity, pathogen richness decreased and mycorrhizal richness increased with tree richness. Pathogen and mycorrhizal richness had either no impact or a weak negative effect on productivity. Tree species traits strongly affected fungal communities and these changes promoted productivity. Finally, water availability greatly influenced fungal communities but did not interact with tree diversity to affect productivity; indicating possible resilience of tree communities to altered precipitation regimes and associated changes in fungal communities.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: Our study highlights the crucial role that fungal communities play in shaping the relationship between tree diversity, traits, and productivity, and resilience to altered water availability. </span></p>
Data for: Food Anticipatory Behaviour on European Seabass in Sea Cages: Activity-, Positioning- and Density-based approaches
<p>Telemetry and sensory data data for:</p> <p>Food Anticipatory Behaviour on European Seabass in Sea Cages: Activity-, Positioning- and Density-based approaches</p> <p>Please read the README.txt file before working with the data.</p>
Data from: Positive plant diversity effects on soil microbial drought resistance are linked to variation in labile carbon and microbial community structure
<p><span>Biodiversity loss and drought are substantially altering both above-and belowground terrestrial ecosystem functioning, but mechanistic understanding of plant diversity effects on the drought resistance of soil microbial biomass remains limited. </span></p> <p><span>We designed a mesocosm experiment to examine drought resistance of soil microbial biomass along a plant species richness gradient (five plant species richness levels based on old-field communities). We calculated resistance of microbial biomass to drought and recorded key belowground properties which may influence microbial resistance to drought (i.e., microbial diversity, microbial community structure, soil carbon stocks and root biomass). </span></p> <p><span>Plant species richness had a positive effect on microbial resistance to drought. Variation in microbial resistance to drought was linked to properties of the fungal community in ambient soil (Shannon diversity, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness and abundance) but not soil bacterial diversity. Moreover, microbial resistance to drought increased with increasing root biomass and dissolved organic carbon recorded under ambient conditions. </span></p> <p><span>These results highlight the importance of plant diversity for microbial biomass stability in our old-field study system with implications for biogeochemical cycling, and suggest that indirect effects of plant species richness on labile soil carbon and soil fungi may drive resistance of soil microbial biomass to drought. </span></p>
Data - Positive and Negative Affect Schedule in early COVID-19 pandemic
<p>Data of a Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) study done in early COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset has 4 sheets. The first one and the second one have 334 rows and 45 columns. The third and the fourth have 87 rows and 2 columns. Note that the first sheet includes a comment about the data in column 5, rows 336-341. Sheets 1 and 2 present the same information, but in different language: sheet one is in English and sheet 2 is in Spanish. Sheets 3 and 4 also have the same content, again: sheet 3 in English and sheet 4 in Spanish.</p> <p>SPANISH: Datos de estudio con escala Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) realizado en los inicio de la pandemia COVID-19. El dataset incluye 4 hojas. La primera y la segunda contienen 334 filas y 45 columnas. La tercera y la cuarta tienen 87 filas y 2 columnas. Nótese que la primera hoja incluye un comentario sobre los datos en la columna 5, filas 336-341. Las hojas 1 y 2 contienen la misma información, pero en distinto idioma: la hoja 1 en inglés y la hoja 2 en español. Las hojas 3 y 4 también contienen la misma información, de nuevo: la hoja 3 en inglés y la hoja 4 en español. </p>
Data for: Positive in situ hybridization for ZIKV RNA in MFI tissues and gravid uteri slides
<p>Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted vertically from mother to fetus during pregnancy, resulting in a range of outcomes, including severe birth defects and fetal/infant death. Potential pathways of vertical transmission <em>in utero</em> have been proposed but remain undefined. Identifying the timing and routes of vertical transmission of ZIKV may help us identify when interventions would be most effective. Furthermore, understanding what barriers ZIKV overcomes to effect vertical transmission may help improve models for evaluating infection by other pathogens during pregnancy. The images included in this dataset belong to a study that aimed to determine the pathways of vertical transmission using a rhesus macaque model. Pregnant rhesus macaques were inoculated with 10<sup>4</sup> plaque forming using (PFA) of an African-lineage ZIKV isolate (ZIKV-DAK) at gestational day 30 (term is 165 days). Maternal-fetal interface and gravid uteri were evaluated for ZIKV RNA using <em>in situ</em> hybridization (ISH). The included images are the maternal fetal interface tissues and coronal sections evaluated for ZIKV via ISH, areas were ZIKV RNA was detected have pink/red staining. The pattern of infection observed in the maternal-fetal interface provides evidence of vertical ZIKV transmission through the fetal membranes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.