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FIGURE 5 in Three new Hemienchytraeus species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Korea, with first records of other enchytraeids and terrestrial polychaetes (Annelida)

FIGURE 5. Micrograph of Hemienchytraeus koreanus sp. n. (in vivo) A and B = sperm funnels in XI (marked with arrows) C and D = clitellar region (sf = sperm funnels with loose or tight coils of sperm ducts (marked with black arrows, male copulatory organs marked with white arrows). Scale bars 50 μm.

FIGURE 11 in Three new Hemienchytraeus species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Korea, with first records of other enchytraeids and terrestrial polychaetes (Annelida)

FIGURE 11. Micrograph of Hemienchytraeus jeonjuensis sp. n. A = sperm funnels, B = spermatheca in V-VI (marked with arrows); C = ampulla of spermatheca in VII. (marked with arrow. A and B (in vivo), C (fixed and stained). Scale bars 50 μm.

FIGURE 14 in Three new Hemienchytraeus species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Korea, with first records of other enchytraeids and terrestrial polychaetes (Annelida)

FIGURE 14. Micrograph of Hemienchytraeus quadratus sp. n. (in vivo) A = clitellar glands dorsal view; B = clitellum ventral view, the area, where the glands are absent marked with white arrow, male copulations organ marked with black arrow. Scale bars 50 μm.

FIGURE 9 in Three new Hemienchytraeus species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Korea, with first records of other enchytraeids and terrestrial polychaetes (Annelida)

FIGURE 9. Micrograph of Hemienchytraeus jeonjuensis sp. n. A = clitellar glands dorsal view; B = clitellar glands ventral view (m = male copulatory organs). Scale bars 50 μm.

FIGURE 8 in Three new Hemienchytraeus species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Korea, with first records of other enchytraeids and terrestrial polychaetes (Annelida)

FIGURE 8. Micrograph of Hemienchytraeus jeonjuensis sp. n. A = head lateral view (head pore marked with arrow, b = brain), B = head dorsal view (brain marked with arrow, C = oesophageal appendage, dorsal view (root marked with white arrows, primary branches with black arrows, phg = the first pharyngeal glands; D = secondary branches of oesophageal appendage (A and D fixed and stained, B and C in vivo). Scale bars 50 μm.

FIGURE 15 in Three new Hemienchytraeus species (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Korea, with first records of other enchytraeids and terrestrial polychaetes (Annelida)

FIGURE 15. Micrograph of Hemienchytraeus quadratus sp. n. A and B = oesophageal appendage (dorsal view) unpaired root marked with white arrow, secondary branches with black arrows (phg = primary pharyngeal glands, sphg = secondary pharyngeal gland); C = pharyngeal glands (lateral view) (primary glands marked with white-, secondary glands with black arrows); D = Segments IV-IX (dorso-lateral view): pharyngeal glands (primary glands marked with white arrows, secondary glands with black arrows, n = nephridia). A, B and D (in vivo), C (fixed and stained). Scale bars 50 μm.

FIGURE 8 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): A new genus, Xetadrilus gen. nov., with three new species, and four new species of Guaranidrilus Černosvitov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 8. Schematic representation of taxonomic differences of species described here. The following traits are shown: Genus level: Chaetal pattern, shape of epidermal gland cells (eg, only shown in a few anterior segments, except in E), presence/ absence of prostomial ganglion (g) in front of brain (br), prostomial papillae (p), and frontal recess in prostomial epithelium (r). Species level: Distribution of epidermal gland cells, pattern of secondary ventral pharyngeal gland lobes (pg), presence/absence of oesophageal appendages (oa) and intestinal diverticula (id), extension of the latter, distribution of preclitellar nephridia (ne). A. Guaranidrilus andreolii sp. nov., B. G. m a rq u e s i sp. nov. C. G. cingulatus sp. nov. D. G. h o e f e r i sp. nov. E. Xetadrilus maacki sp. nov. F. X. aphanus sp. nov. G. X. fabryi sp. nov.

FIGURE 5 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): A new genus, Xetadrilus gen. nov., with three new species, and four new species of Guaranidrilus Černosvitov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 5. Xetadrilus maacki gen. nov. sp. nov. A. Anterior body end, lateral view. B. Anterior body end, dorsal view. C. Segments XI–XIV, latero-ventral view. D. Spermatheca. E. Posterior body end with anus, lateral view. F. Coelomocyte. G. Preclitellar nephridium. H. Sperm funnel and ventral body wall with chaeta (XI), male glandular bulb and transverse copulatory muscles. dp, dorsal pore; fr, frontal recess in prostomial epithelium.

FIGURE 4 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): A new genus, Xetadrilus gen. nov., with three new species, and four new species of Guaranidrilus Černosvitov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 4. Guaranidrilus hoeferi sp. nov. A. Anterior 13 segments, lateral view. Shaded grey: Spermatheca (left), spermfilled seminal vesicle (right). Specimen submature with small egg. The seminal vesicle can extend over 2 more segments. B. Segments IV–VIII, dorsal view. C–F and H, K show details of A. C. Spermatheca, ectal duct and ectal dilatation of ampulla. D,E. Spermatheca, connecting tube. In D the epithelium is cylindrical; sperm is present as a central strand in the lumen. In E sperm is embedded in epithelium with undulating inner walls. F. Histological section (optical longitudinal section) from body surface to inner lumen of spermatheca; cl, coelom; ct, cuticle; eg, epidermal gland cells; lm, longitudinal muscles; rm, ring muscles; se, epithelium of spermathecal ental dilatation with inclusions of irregular outline; sp, sperm in lumen of ental dilatation. G. Coelomocytes. H. Detail of clitellum, lateral view. I. Preclitellar nephridium. J. Postclitellar nephridium. K. Detail of copulatory pad in XIII, optical longitudinal section. G from living specimens, rest from whole mounts.

FIGURE 3 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): A new genus, Xetadrilus gen. nov., with three new species, and four new species of Guaranidrilus Černosvitov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 3. Guaranidrilus cingulatus sp. nov. A. Segments IV–IX, lateral view. B. Anterior (left) and caudal (right) chaeta. C. Segments IV–VIII, dorsal to dorso-lateral view. D. Spermatheca. E. Clitellum dorsally. F. Preclitellar nephridium. G. Postclitellar nephridium. H. Male efferent apparatus. Male pore in ventral view. I. Male pore in lateral view, same specimen as in H. All drawings from whole mounts.

FIGURE 7 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): A new genus, Xetadrilus gen. nov., with three new species, and four new species of Guaranidrilus Černosvitov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 7. Xetadrilus fabryi gen. nov. sp. nov. A. Anterior body end, dorsal view. B. Segments III–X, lateral view. Epidermal gland cells are shown only in III and IV. C. Anterior nephridium. D. Posterior nephridium. E. Head reagion, dorsal view. Shaded grey: body wall, and its papillae. F. Male efferent apparatuses; sperm funnel and vas deferens omitted once.

FIGURE 2 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): A new genus, Xetadrilus gen. nov., with three new species, and four new species of Guaranidrilus Černosvitov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 2. Guaranidrilus marquesi sp. nov. A. Segments IV–VI, lateral view. B. Epidermal gland cells, dorsal view, as seen in a living and compressed specimen. C. Segments IV–VIII, dorsal view. D. Coelomocytes, schematic. E. Male efferent apparatus. F. Preclitellar nephridia. G. Postclitellar nephridium. A,E,F,G, from whole mounts, B,C,D from living specimens.

FIGURE 1 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): A new genus, Xetadrilus gen. nov., with three new species, and four new species of Guaranidrilus Černosvitov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 1. Guaranidrilus andreolii sp. nov. A. Anterior end, dorsal view. Note three pairs of postpharyngeal ganglia anterior to pharyngeal glands. B. Epidermal gland cells, dorso-lateral view, segments XXXI–XXXIII. C. Nephridia, left: preclitellar segment; right: two nephridia in one segment, seen at different optical angles. D. Sperm funnels, seen at different optical angles. E. Male efferent apparatus and clitellum, latero-ventral view. F. Anterior end, lateral view, with indication of extension of prostomium and segments I–III. Dotted lines: course of transverse lines of epidermis and transverse musculature in I – 1/2 II, schematic. Segment I, the peristomium, is longer dorsally than ventrally. The head pore, though seemingly near the tip of the prostomium, is actually located at its posterior end. All drawings from whole mounts. g, prostomial ganglion; ppg, post-pharyngeal ganglia; pvl, primary ventral pharyngeal gland lobe; svl, secondary ventral pharyngeal gland lobe.

FIGURE 6 in Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): A new genus, Xetadrilus gen. nov., with three new species, and four new species of Guaranidrilus Černosvitov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)

FIGURE 6. Xetadrilus aphanus gen. nov. sp. nov. A. Anterior body end, lateral view. B. Segments III - 1/2 VIII, dorsal view. C. Head region, lateral view. D. Head region, dorsal view. p, prostomial papillae; g, prostomial ganglion. E. Male efferent apparatus. F. Male glandular bulbs, ventral view. G. epidermal gland cells, dorsal view, posterior body segment. E,F from living specimens, rest from whole mounts. p, prostomial papilla; g, prostomial ganglion.

FIGURE 5 in Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) from a field site in Portugal, with the description of five new species and a redescription of Enchylea heteroducta Nielsen & Christensen, 1963

FIGURE 5. Comparison of the ventral sides of the clitellum in the four new species of Fridericia, schematic. A. F. s o u s a i sp. nov. B. F. roembkei sp. nov. C. F. ciliotheca sp. nov. D. F. m a rg i n a t a sp. nov. Areas in dark grey: granulocytes only. Areas in light grey: granulocytes and hyalocytes alternating.

FIGURE 1 in Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) from a field site in Portugal, with the description of five new species and a redescription of Enchylea heteroducta Nielsen & Christensen, 1963

FIGURE 1. Fridericia sousai sp. nov. A. Anterior body region, lateral view. Note chylus lacunae in IX–X. Dorsal blood vessel omitted in I–III. B. Spermatheca. C. Sperm funnels.

FIGURE 4 in Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) from a field site in Portugal, with the description of five new species and a redescription of Enchylea heteroducta Nielsen & Christensen, 1963

FIGURE 4. Fridericia ciliotheca sp.nov. A. Segments IV–VII, dorsal view. B. Spermathecae. Arrow: cilia in ampulla. C. Epidermal gland cells in vivo, preclitellar segments. D. Sperm funnels. A,D fix; B,C viv.

FIGURE 7 in Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) from a field site in Portugal, with the description of five new species and a redescription of Enchylea heteroducta Nielsen & Christensen, 1963

FIGURE 7. Enchylea heteroducta Nielsen & Christensen, 1963. A. Anterior body region, dorsal view. Arrow: enlarged postpharyngeal ganglia on afferent fascicles with pharyngeal gland-like tissue. B. Nephridium. C. Male efferent apparatus. A–C fix.

FIGURE 6 in Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) from a field site in Portugal, with the description of five new species and a redescription of Enchylea heteroducta Nielsen & Christensen, 1963

FIGURE 6. Achaeta coimbrensis sp. nov. A. Anterior body region, dorsal view. B. Segments XV, XVI, lateral view, showing intestine with pars tumida (arrow) and chloragocytes on top, nephridium, and ventral nerve cord with non-staining cells inside. Body cavity shaded grey. C. Clitellum and male reproductive system, lateral view. Shaded grey: clitellar region with only granulocytes. D. Segments IV–VII, dorso-lateral view. E. Male efferent apparatus. A–E fix. Same scale bar for A–D.

FIGURE 3 in Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) from a field site in Portugal, with the description of five new species and a redescription of Enchylea heteroducta Nielsen & Christensen, 1963

FIGURE 3. Fridericia marginata sp.nov. A. Segments IV–VII, dorsal view. Lengths of ectal ducts foreshortened, slightly (right) and strongly (left). B. Coelomo-mucocytes. C. Sperm funnels. D. Spermathecae. A,C fix; B,D viv.