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FIGURE 85 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURE 85. Neighbour joining tree shows the relationship between different species of Hydria (Partim).

FIGURES 35–39 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURES 35–39. Sacculus projection in its natural position. Fig. 35: Hydria cervinalis cervinalis; Fig. 36: Hydria gernoti sp. n.; Fig. 37: Hydria hyrcana; Fig. 38: Hydria montivagata montivagata; Fig. 39, Hydria loebeli sp. n.

FIGURES 16–25. Wing pattern. Fig. 16 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURES 16–25. Wing pattern. Fig. 16: Hydria (cf.) sp. n., ♂, Azerbaijan, Talysh, Zuvand (g. prep. DS-05/2012); Fig. 17, H. gudarica, ♀, Spain, Andalusia, Sierra Nevada; Figs 18–19: H. hyrcana bona sp., stat. n.: Fig. 18, ♂, Iran, Schakuh, (g. prep. 1556 H. Rajaei); Fig. 19, syntype ♀, Iran, Hadschiabad [Hajiabad], (g. prep. 1555 H. Rajaei); Fig. 20, H. montivagata montivagata, ♂, Switzerland, Zermatt (g. prep.2328/2020 H. Rajaei); Fig. 21, H. montivagata andalusica, ♀, Spain, prov. Cuenca, M. Universales (g. prep.1459 H. Rajaei); Figs 22–23: H. loebeli sp. n.: Fig. 22, ♂, Turkey, prov. Nigde, Aladag West (g. prep. DS-171/2019); Fig. 23, ♀, Turkey, prov. Malatya, Nemrut dagi (g. prep. DS-181/2019); Figs 24–25, H. relicta comb. n. (Kenya, Mt. Kenya), Fig. 24, ♂; Fig. 25, ♀. a = upperside; b = underside.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURE 2. Terminology of male and female genitalia used in this paper. Fig. 2a, genitalia capsule; Fig. 2b, aedeagus, Fig. 2c, female genitalia, Fig. 2d, last abdominal segments (sternite- and tergite- A7 and A8). Abbreviations as follows (after Schmidt 2017): ant.a.—anterior apophysis, a.p.c.—anterior part of corpus bursae, cor—cornuti, duc—ductus bursae, jux—juxta, lab— labides, lat.l.—lateral lobe, ovi—ovipositor, p.p.c.—posterior part of corpus bursae, pos.a.—posterior apophysis, sac—sacculus projection, sig—signum, St.-A7—sternum A7, St.-A8—sternum A8; unc—uncus, val—valva, ves—vesica, (Photos of Hydria cervinalis).

FIGURE 1. Wing venation. Fig. 1a in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURE 1. Wing venation. Fig. 1a. Hydria cervinalis; Fig. 1b. Rheumaptera hastate. Pay attention to the presence of two areoles in forewing of Hydria vs. one areole in forewing of Rheumaptera.

FIGURES 26–30. Male genitalia. Fig. 26 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURES 26–30. Male genitalia. Fig. 26: Hydria cervinalis cervinalis (Germany, Kaiserstuhl, Badberg, g. prep. 2326/2020 H. Rajaei); Fig. 27: Hydria cervinalis taurica subsp. n., Paratype, (Turkey, prov. Antalya, Civizli W Seydisehir, g. prep. DS- 122/2012); Fig. 28: Hydria gernoti sp. n., Paratype, (Turkey, Nigde, Ala Dagi, g. prep. DS 99/2012); Fig. 29: Hydria schachti sp. n. Paratype (Turkey, Ispir, g. prep. DS-112/2012); Fig. 30, Hydria (cf.) sp. n., paratype (Azerbaijan, Talysh, Zuvand, g. prep. DS-05/2012); a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus.

FIGURES 3–15. Wing pattern. Figs 3–8 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURES 3–15. Wing pattern. Figs 3–8: Hydria cervinalis cervinalis: Fig. 3, ♂, Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Mansfeld; Fig. 4, ♂, Ungarn, prov. Vesprérn, Zsofiapuszta; Fig. 5, ♂, Germany, Ug. Freyburg Zscheiplitz, Schafberg; Fig. 6, ♂, Germany, Umg. Jena; Figs 7 and 8, ♂, Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Mansfeld; Figs 9–10: H. cervinalis taurica ssp. n., Turkey, prov. Antalya, Civizli W Seydisehir, Fig. 9, Holotype ♂, (g. prep. DS-120/2012); Fig. 10, Paratype ♀, (g. prep. DS-121/2012); Figs 11–12: H. gernoti sp. n., Turkey, prov. Nigde, Ala Dagi: Fig. 11, Holotype ♂; Fig. 12, Paratype ♀; Figs 13–15: H. schachti sp. n.: Fig. 13, Holotype ♂, Turkey, prov. Erzurum, Meschit Daglari; Fig. 14, Paratype ♀, Turkey, prov. Erzurum, Meschit Daglari; Fig. 15, Paratype ♂, Turkey, prov. Erzurum, Karadeniz Daglari, Korga Dari. a = upperside; b = underside.

FIGURES 31–34. Male genitalia. Fig. 31 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURES 31–34. Male genitalia. Fig. 31: Hydria gaudarica (Spain, Albarracin, g. prep. DS-108/2012); Fig. 32: Hydria hyrcana (Iran, Schakuh, g. prep. 1556 H. Rajaei); Fig. 33: Hydria montivagata montivagata (Switzerland, Zermatt, g. prep. 2328/2020 H. Rajaei); Fig. 34, Hydria loebeli sp. n., Patatype (Turkey, prov. Erzurum, Umg. Ispir, g. prep. 2321/2020 H. Rajaei). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = juxta.

FIGURES 63–70 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURES 63–70. Photos of habitat, larva and adult specimens. Fig. 63. Hydria cervinalis cervinalis (ScoPoLI, 1763) female, Germany, Sachsen-Anhalt, Lutherstadt Eisleben, Hüneburg (photo DIRK STaDIE); Fig. 64. Habitat of Hydria cervinalis cervinalis (see above): westward facing warm slope with a forest steppe-like mosaic of vegetation with Prunus spinosa, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus monogyna, Berberis communis and others. At this locality the Hydria-species is associated with Perizoma hydrata (TREITScHKE, 1829), Triphosa dubitata (LInnaEUS, 1758) and Hadena filograna (ESPER, 1788) (photo DIRK STaDIE); Fig. 65. Hydria cervinalis simplonica WacKERZaPP, 1890 female, Switzerland, Wallis, Zermatt-Balmen, ex larva (photo HEInER ZIEGLER); Fig. 66. Larva of Hydria cervinalis simplonica hiding in a silken web between the leaves of Berberis communis, Switzerland, Wallis, Zermatt-Balmen, ex larva (photo HEInER ZIEGLER); Fig. 67. Larva of Hydria cervinalis simplonica, locality see above, ex larva (photo HEInER ZIEGLER); Fig. 68. Habitat of Hydria cervinalis simplonica, warm, rocky escarpment on lime stone, rich in different bushes, Switzerland, Wallis, Rhone valley near Leuk, Feschelbach, 650m (photo HEInER ZIEGLER); Fig. 69. Habitat of Hydria cervinalis simplonica, dry and rather open pine forest in the understorey Berberis communis, Switzerland, Wallis, Rhone valley, Leuk, Pfynwald, 550–580m (photo HEInER ZIEGLER); Fig. 70. Hydria gudarica, L5 larva, Spain Sierra de Guillimona (photo. DIRK STaDIE).

FIGURES 78–84 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURES 78–84. Photos of habitat, larva and adult specimens. Fig. 78. Hydria montivagata andalusica, Spain Sierra Nevada (reared) (photo. DIRK STaDIE); Fig. 79. L5-larva of Hydria montivagata andalusica, Spain Sierra Nevada ex larva (photo DIRK STaDIE); Fig. 80. Habitat of Hydria relicta, a vegetation with a steppic character near the timber line, in fore ground xeromontane steppe with Protea-species and several Ericaceae (montane Fynbos elements) in the background trees of Hagenia abyssinica and Juniperus procera at Rutundu fishing lodge (Mount Kenya) at 3,100m (photo PHILIPP STaDIE, RaLF FIEbIG); Figs 81–83. Habitat of Hydria relicta, area around Rutundu fishing lodge (montane Fynbos elements) Mount Kenya (photo PHILIPP STaDIE, RaLF FIEbIG); Fig. 84. Host plant Berberis holstii of Hydria relicta near Rutundu fishing lodge at Mount Kenya (photo Dirk Stadie).

FIGURES 48–62 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURES 48–62. Hair-scales on the underside of the hindwings. Fig. 48–50: Hydria cervinalis cervinalis; Fig. 51: Hydria cervinalis simplonica; Fig. 52: Hydria cervinalis taurica ssp. n.; Fig. 53–54: Hydria gernoti sp. n.; Fig. 55–56: Hydria schachti sp. n.; Fig. 57: Hydria (cf.) sp. n.; Fig. 58: Hydria gudarica; Fig. 59: Hydria hyrcana; Fig. 60: Hydria montivagata andalusica; Fig. 61–62: Hydria loebeli sp. n.

FIGURES 71–77 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

FIGURES 71–77. Photos of habitat and adult specimens. Fig. 71. Col Du Zad, province Khenifra, Morocco. The locality is a habitat of Hydria gudarica (DUFaY, 1983) at 2,135m. The habitat is an open Cedar forest mixed with dry, species-rich meadows (photo. noRbERT PöLL); Fig. 72. Turkey, Middle Taurus, Civizli, type locality of Hydria cervinalis taurica ssp. n. during the flight period of the adults in mid-May. The forests in the background are dominated by Quercus cerris and Juniperus excelsa. At forest clearings Berberis species and wild Pyrus trees are present (photo DIRK STaDIE); Fig. 73. Hydria gernoti sp.n. male PT, Turkey, Province Nigde, Als dagi, Sulucaova vic., 2,100m, ex ovo (photo DIRK STaDIE); Figs 74–75. Type locality of Hydria gernoti sp. n. in the Ala dagi mountains at 2,300m in mid-May. In foreground right some leafless bushes of Berberis (photo DIRK STaDIE, RaLF FIEbIG); Figs 76–77. Habitat of Hydria loebeli sp. n. and H. gernoti sp. n., small river valley near Göreme, Central Turkey (photo DIRK STaDIE, RaLF FIEbIG).

MAP 1 in Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies

MAP 1. Distribution map of the genus Hydria in the Middle East: H. cervinalis taurica ssp. n.; H. gernoti sp. n.; H. schachti sp. n. and H. (cf.) sp. n.

FIGURES 3–5 in Notes on the Indo-Australian genus Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae Larentiinae), with description of two new species

FIGURES 3–5. Ziridava kanshireiensis Prout, genitalia: 3. Holotype male, armature; 4. Holotype male, aedeagus; 5. Paratype female.

FIGURES 6–8 in Notes on the Indo-Australian genus Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae Larentiinae), with description of two new species

FIGURES 6–8. Ziridava khasiensis Prout, genitalia: 6. Holotype male, armature; 7. Holotype male, aedeagus; 8. Non-type female.

FIGURES 12–15 in Notes on the Indo-Australian genus Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae Larentiinae), with description of two new species

FIGURES 12–15. Ziridava mauriakra, sp. nov., adults: 12. Holotype male, above; 13. Holotype male, underside; 14. Paratype female, above; 15. Paratype female, underside.

FIGURES 9–11 in Notes on the Indo-Australian genus Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae Larentiinae), with description of two new species

FIGURES 9–11. Ziridava rubridisca Hampson, genitalia: 9. Holotype male, armature; 10. Holotype male, aedeagus; 11. Paratype female.

FIGURE 32 in Notes on the Indo-Australian genus Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae Larentiinae), with description of two new species

FIGURE 32. The Philippines, North Luzon, Road from Banaue to Bontoc: Locality of a paratype of Ziridava mauriakra (Photo: Claude Tautel).

FIGURES 20–24 in Notes on the Indo-Australian genus Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae Larentiinae), with description of two new species

FIGURES 20–24. Ziridava mauriakra, sp. nov., genitalia: 20. Paratype male, armature; 21. Paratype male, labides and juxta; 22. Paratype female, signum; 23. Paratype male, aedeagus with vesica everted; 24. Paratype female.

FIGURES 16–19 in Notes on the Indo-Australian genus Ziridava Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae Larentiinae), with description of two new species

FIGURES 16–19. Ziridava orchidensis, sp. nov., adults: 16. Holotype female, above; 17. Holotype female, underside; 18. Paratype male, above; 19. Paratype male, underside.