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750 results for “heterogeneous data”

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dryad36/100

Climatic forcing and individual heterogeneity in a resident mountain bird: legacy data reveal effects on reproductive strategies

Optimization of clutch size and timing of reproduction have substantial effects on lifetime reproductive success in vertebrates, and both individual quality and environmental variation may impact life history strategies. We tested hypotheses related to maternal investment and timing of reproduction, using 17 years (1978-1994) of individual-based life history data on willow ptarmigan (Lagopus l. lagopus, n=290 breeding females with n=319 breeding attempts) in central Norway. We analysed whether climatic variation and individual state variables (age and body mass) affected number of offspring and timing of reproduction, and individual repeatability in strategies. The results suggest that willow ptarmigan share a common optimal clutch size that is largely independent of measured individual states. While we found no clear direct weather effects on clutch size, higher spring temperatures advanced onset of breeding, and early breeding was followed by an increased number of offspring. Warmer springs were positively related to maternal mass, and mass interacted with clutch size in production of hatchlings. Finally, clutch size and timing of reproduction were highly repeatable within individuals, indicating that individual quality guided trade-offs in reproductive effort. Our results demonstrate how climatic forcing and individual heterogeneity in combination influenced life history traits in a resident montane keystone species.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

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Data from: Demographic consequences of an extreme heatwave are mitigated by spatial heterogeneity in an annual monkeyflower

This repository includes three different datasets as well as associated readme files. One dataset contains fitness data for individuals planted within a common garden experiment planted near the Browder Ridge Trailhead, Oregon USA in 2019. The second dataset contains fecundity data from 12 populations in the Central Oregon Cascades in 2018 and 2019. The final dataset contains demographic and phenological data from eleven populations in the Central Oregon Cascades in 2019.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Supporting data to Heterogeneity in spatiotemporal variability of High Mountain Asia's runoff and its underlying mechanisms

This dataset includes (1) the boundary of 12 basins over the southern High Mountain Asia, (2) their climate and catchment properties, (3) significance of interannual, interdecadal and multidecadal variability of runoff and corresponding climate variables, and (4) the decomposed timeseries of runoff and its related atmospheric drivers. Please see the publication for more details.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Supporting data to Heterogeneity in spatiotemporal variability of High Mountain Asia's runoff and its underlying mechanisms

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

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Data from: Virus community structuring is shaped by habitat heterogeneity and resource utilisation strategies

After decades of disconcerted research, we still recognise large gaps in the understanding of mechanisms that govern disease dynamics in complex biological communities. To determine how spatial structuring of plant communities caused by anthropic disturbance affects resource utilisation traits of viruses, we combine high-throughput, network, and metacommunity approaches. We find that the disturbance gradient corresponded to network modules and habitat specificity exhibited by a majority of viruses. Communities were connected through key hub species of either generalist viruses or high potential host reservoirs. Spatial dependencies were evident in regression models of species richness and correlations between metacommunity structure and both host range and transmission mode at finer spatial resolutions. We propose that virus community assembly is influenced by variation in niche opportunities. Distinctions in virus community composition caused by resource compartmentalisation can be used to track ecological traits important in forecasting transmission risk.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data files for 'Tan et al., (2023). Structural heterogeneity-controlled rupture process of the 2021 Mw 7.1 Fukushima, Japan earthquake revealed by joint inversion of seismic and geodetic data'

slip model.dat: rupture model of the 2021 Mw 7.1 Fukushima earthquake In 'slip model.dat', each row contains the moment rate function of each sub-fault. The numbers of the sub-faults are given in the first two columns.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

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Data from: Drivers of geomorphic heterogeneity in unconfined non‐perennial river corridors

River corridors along non-perennial stream networks are known to provide diverse physical and ecological functions that are thought to be related to geomorphic heterogeneity. Geomorphic heterogeneity refers to the spatial and temporal variability of geomorphic units, which are geomorphic patches within the river corridor formed by a given set of processes. While studies on the magnitude and drivers of geomorphic heterogeneity are emerging in perennial streams, similar studies in ephemeral streams are lacking. Given the ubiquity of non-perennial streams globally, we aim to answer questions regarding the magnitude and drivers of geomorphic heterogeneity in non-perennial river corridors as well as how geomorphic units and heterogeneity reflect processes related to flood disturbance. Geomorphic units were mapped in 30 unconfined river corridors within six non-perennial watersheds in Utah and Arizona, USA. Landscape heterogeneity metrics – Shannon's Diversity Index, Shannon's Evenness Index, and patch density – were used to quantify geomorphic heterogeneity within each reach. Additionally, variables that may potentially constrain or drive heterogeneity were quantified, including floodplain shape, grain size, large wood abundance, and proxies for flood disturbance. While heterogeneity positively correlated with metrics for morphology and disturbance, statistical models suggest that morphologic context, particularly floodplain width, was a more important predictor for estimating geomorphic heterogeneity. Still, geomorphic units reflected aggradation processes indicative of a range of flood energies, suggesting a strong tie between heterogeneity and disturbance. Results suggest that geomorphic heterogeneity may be resilient to changes in flood disturbance frequency or magnitude, but future studies investigating long-term temporal heterogeneity are needed.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Soil nutrient heterogeneity alters productivity and diversity of experimental plant communities under multiple global change factors

Plant communities in nature are often challenged by multiple global change factors (GCFs) and also ubiquitously encountered with soil nutrient heterogeneity. So far, however, we know little about the interactive effect of multiple GCFs and soil nutrient heterogeneity on plant communities. We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment in which a plant community was either grown in heterogeneous soils consisting of high- and low-nutrient patches, or in homogeneous soils where the same amount of nutrients was evenly distributed. These plant communities were exposed to none (control), single, or a combination of two or four GCFs (i.e., drought, nitrogen deposition, microplastic and cadmium). Biomass of the plant community exposed to drought and nitrogen deposition were greater in heterogeneous than in homogeneous soils, but evenness of the plant community exposed to microplastics was lower. Increasing the number of GCFs increased community biomass more in heterogeneous than in homogeneous soils, but it generally reduced community evenness, independent of soil nutrient heterogeneity. These contrasting responses were related to changing competitive hierarchies and root foraging responses under different treatments. Our results suggest that soil nutrient heterogeneity can alter community productivity and diversity via changing competitive interactions of the component species, depending on both the identity and the number of GCFs acting on the community. These results have important implications for the maintenance of ecosystem functions and services under rapid and complex ongoing global changes.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

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Data from: Beyond the case study: Characterizing natural floodplain heterogeneity in the United States

As river channels move across the valley floor, they create diverse topography including natural levees, cutoff meanders, secondary channels, and floodplain wetlands. These features increase the spatial heterogeneity of the floodplain. Many studies indicate that this heterogeneity strongly influences habitat abundance and diversity, storage of flood waters and excess nitrate or phosphate, and other floodplain functions. However, no one has systematically measured floodplain heterogeneity across multiple rivers and different geographic regions. We measured the heterogeneity of natural floodplains at 14 sites in the continental United States using metrics developed by landscape ecologists. We find that natural floodplains have distinctive heterogeneity signatures that relate to drainage area, the size of the floodplain, and other characteristics. The data included here are the original field data associated with 14 of the field sites, including GPS locations of floodplain transects, floodplain patches, sediment cores, and large wood; and delineated floodplain shapefiles.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

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Data from: Microbial activity contributes to spatial heterogeneity of wetland methane fluxes

The emission of methane from wetlands is spatially heterogeneous, as concurrently measured surface fluxes can vary by orders of magnitude within the span of a few meters. Despite extensive study and the climatic significance of these greenhouse gas emissions, it remains unclear what drives these large within-site variations, creating a knowledge-gap that impedes a mechanistic understanding of wetland fluxes. While geophysical variables including water table depth (WTD) and soil temperature are known to correlate with CH4 flux, measurable variance in these parameters declines as spatial and temporal scales become finer. Here, we leveraged depth-stratified gene abundance and gene expression measurements of methanogenesis and methanotrophy to investigate CH4 flux variance at an ombrotrophic peat bog. Our results show that the flux variance was strongly correlated to methanogen abundance and that peat depth also exerted significant control over CH4 flux, methanogen abundance, and the relationship between the two. Correlations between CH4 flux and either WTD or soil temperature were absent or minimal. These findings suggest that microbial factors likely underlie localized variance in wetland CH4 flux, and that a greater reliance on biological predictors could improve our ability to understand wetland methane fluxes at finer scales than is currently possible.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

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Data for: Genomic signals of local adaptation across climatically heterogenous habitats in an invasive tropical fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni)

Local adaptation plays a key role in the successful establishment of pest populations in new environments by enabling them to tolerate novel biotic and abiotic conditions experienced outside their native range. However, the genomic underpinnings of such adaptive responses remain unclear, especially for agriculturally important pests. We investigated population genomic signatures in the tropical/subtropical Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, which has an expanded range encompassing temperate and arid zones in Australia, and tropical zones in the Pacific Islands. Using reduced representation sequencing data from 28 populations, we detected allele frequency shifts associated with the native/invasive status of populations and identified environmental factors that have likely driven population differentiation. We also determined that precipitation, temperature, and geographic variables explain allelic shifts across the distribution range of B. tryoni. We found spatial heterogeneity in signatures of local adaptation across various climatic conditions in invaded areas. Specifically, disjunct invasive populations in the tropical Pacific Islands and arid zones of Australia were characterised by multiple significantly differentiated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), some of which were associated with genes with well-understood function in environmental stress (e.g., heat and desiccation) response. However, invasive populations in southeast Australian temperate zones showed higher gene flow with the native range and lacked a strong local adaptive signal. These results suggest that population connectivity with the native range has differentially affected local adaptive patterns in different invasive populations. Overall, our findings provide insights into the evolutionary underpinnings of invasion success of an important horticultural pest in climatically distinct environments.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

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Data set for "Protracted localization of metamorphism and deformation in a heterogeneous lower-crustal shear zone"

Electron micro probe raw data used in the publication: "Protracted localization of metamorphism and deformation in a heterogeneous lower-crustal shear zone" (Zertani et al., 2023). Zertani, S., Menegon, L., Pennacchioni, G., Buisman, I., Corfu, F., Jamtveit, B. (2023). Protracted localization of metamorphism and deformation in a heterogeneous lower-crustal shear zone. Journal of Structural Geology, 104960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2023.104960

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Promoting plant diversity and habitat heterogeneity through vineyard terracing

Questions: Viticulture on steep slopes has shaped landscape and biodiversity in many regions, but insufficient profitability has led to management cessation and shrub encroachment. A solution to maintain cultivation economically viable could be vineyard terracing. We aimed to identify the potential of terracing to enhance plant diversity and habitat heterogeneity in vineyards, analyse effects of management intensity on vineyard vegetation, and assess how plant communities change after vineyard abandonment. Location: Wine-growing region of the Upper Middle Rhine Valley in Hesse (50.042342°N, 7.814533°E) and Rhineland-Palatinate (50.119139°N, 7.719275°E), Germany. Methods: We recorded vascular plant species and local vineyard parameters in vertically oriented vineyards with vegetated and tilled open inter-rows, in terraced vineyards with tilled terrace inter-rows and extensively managed embankments and in vineyard fallows in a total of 45 study sites. We used plant species richness, Ellenberg indicator values and Grime's strategy types to describe how traits and ecological requirements respond to distinct vineyard management. Results: Plant species richness and composition were determined by management-derived disturbance intensities. Extensively managed embankments had a distinct plant community, the highest plant species richness, more perennial and indicator species, and lower nitrogen indicator values compared to inter-rows. In contrast, highly disturbed open and terrace inter-rows revealed plant communities associated with annuals and ruderals, but species richness did not differ between terrace inter-rows and embankments. Plant communities of fallows were completely different with lower plant diversity. Conclusions: Our results highlight the potential of terraced vineyards for plant diversity with nutrient-poor, extensively managed embankments providing conditions that have become rare in modern agricultural systems. A long environmental gradient from terrace inter-rows to embankments created habitat heterogeneity at a narrow space. In contrast, intensive inter-row management in vertically oriented vineyards hampers high plant diversity and abandonment fosters the spread of woody species at the expanse of plant diversity.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

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