Find research datasets worth reusing

Interplay between Li and Na amid co-doped solution-processed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 absorbers for solar cells

Alkali doping and alloying are well-known strategies to improve the performance of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) absorber based thin film solar cells. The effects of individual light alkali elements such as Li and Na have been thoroughly investigated, with both dopants resulting in significant improvements in performance of CZTSSe solar cells. Here, the combined effects of Li and Na are investigated in a so-called co-doping approach to capture the benefits from both elements simultaneously. In order to do that, various concentrations of Li and Na between 0.0 M and 0.5 M are added to the solution used for spin coating of the precursor layer. After annealing under Se-enriched atmosphere, the two alkali elements displayed mutual dependency of in terms of their concentrations in the CZTSSe absorber layer. Furthermore, both, Li and Na showed signs of forming alloys with the CZTSSe phase. The efficiencies of the best Li-Na co-doped solar cells are above 10%, slightly above the Li baseline thanks to increased open-circuit-voltage and short-circuit current. A non-negligible Na incorporation was observed even in nominally Na-free devices, likely from indirect contamination from the SLG substrate. Further work is needed to better understand Na-poor compositions and draw conclusions relevant to Na-free substrates.

Data for MILP algorithm for control strategy optimisation of a hybrid solar thermal plant consisting of two different solar fields working for two processes at different temperatures, a three tanks storage and a boiler for SHIP applications

This repository contains the results of simulations exposed in the article MILP algorithm for control strategy optimisation of a hybrid solar thermal plant consisting of two different solar fields working for two processes at different temperatures, a three tanks storage and a boiler for SHIP applications. Notebooks for easy plotting of the results are contained in this repository. The README.txt contains light explainations regarding how to use those notebooks. This article is yet to be published at the time of writing.

Process-level quantification on opposite PM2.5 changes during COVID-19 lockdown over North China Plain

Observations and WRF-Chem simulation results for manuscript (Process-level quantification on opposite PM2.5 changes during COVID-19 lockdown over North China Plain) submitted to GRL

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Figure S4. Mass cytometry data pre-processing

Figure S4: Mass cytometry data pre-processing. Paired myocardial and blood samples were collected from patients undergoing cardiac surgery and who underwent DNA sequencing. Each sample was barcoded and samples were acquired in bulk with one sample was rerun for each CyTOF run in order to correct batch effect. A gating on CD45+ live cells was then performed. A dimension reduction algorithm was then applied and the clustering algorithm ClusterX was applied on the entire data set. Cells clusters identification was then performed according to Heatmap based on cell markers associated with each cluster.

Accelerate the Parameterization of Unified Microphysics Across Scales (PUMAS) on the graphics processing unit (GPU) with directive-based methods

Code used to produce results of paper titled "Accelerate the Parameterization of Unified Microphysics Across Scales (PUMAS) on the graphics processing unit (GPU) with directive-based methods" by Sun et al. Includes: - Source code of CAM to perform a CPU or GPU simulation - Source code of PUMAS stand-alone kernel for GPU porting (OpenACC and OpenMP offload), an example batch script for build/run on Casper (NCAR's cluster) and the input dataset - Dataset to reproduce the figures in the paper   Contact details: Jian Sun (sunjian@ucar.edu)

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Including a spatial predictive process in band recovery models improves inference for Lincoln estimates of animal abundance

Abundance estimation is a critical component of conservation planning, particularly for exploited species where managers set regulations to restrict harvest based on current population size. An increasingly common approach for abundance estimation is through integrated population modeling (IPM), which uses multiple data sources in a joint likelihood to estimate abundance and additional demographic parameters. Lincoln estimators are one commonly used IPM component for harvested species, which combine information on the rate and the total number of individuals harvested within an integrated band-recovery framework to estimate abundance at large scales. A major assumption of the Lincoln estimator is that banding and recoveries are representative of the whole population, which may be violated if major sources of spatial heterogeneity in survival or harvest rates are not incorporated into the model. We developed an approach to account for spatial variation in harvest rates using a spatial predictive process, which we incorporated into a Lincoln estimator IPM. We simulated data under different configurations of sample sizes, harvest rates, and sources of spatial heterogeneity in harvest rate to assess potential model bias in parameter estimates. We then applied the model to data collected from a field study of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo) to estimate local and statewide abundance in Maine, USA. We found that the band recovery model that incorporated a spatial predictive process consistently provided estimates of adult and juvenile abundance with low bias across a variety of spatial configurations of harvest rate and sampling intensities. When applied to data collected on wild turkeys, a model that did not incorporate spatial heterogeneity underestimated the harvest rate in some sub-regions. Consistent with simulation results, this led to over-estimation of both local and statewide abundance. Our work demonstrates that a spatial predictive process is a viable mechanism to account for spatial variation in harvest rates and limit bias in abundance estimates. This approach could be extended to large-scale band recovery datasets and has applicability for the estimation of population parameters in other ecological models as well.

In-depth study of the formation processes of single atmospheric particles in the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the most sensitive and obvious indicator of climate change in the entire Asian continent, however, real-time observations on the characteristics of full aerosol compositions are still limited within the plateau, which hinders our comprehensively understanding of the distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of aerosols in high-altitude regions. In this study, a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was deployed to investigate the highly time resolved chemical components and atmospheric processing on the size distribution and mixing state of individual particles in the southeastern margin of the TP during the pre-monsoon season.

A Scalable Data Management System Data Model facilitating the integration of any inspection system and the automated data digitalization process.

In the context of the EU-funded project PILOTING (No. 871542), a scalable Data Management System (DMS) was deployed and facilitated the easy integration of nine different robotic systems and various payloads and the storing of all the data observations produced during the inspections. In particular, a three-phase methodology was adopted for the creation of the DMS Data Model (DMS-DM) in order to define the architectural design of the DMS.  The first phase was to semantically define the entities of the PILOTING ecosystem, identifying assets and activities that were important to the data providers, and including them in the data model design. The second phase was to identify relationships between the entities, focusing on information that must pre-exist for entities to be semantically accurate, hierarchies between entities, especially physical assets, and the data needed to form the inspection plan. For the third phase, the information collected by the previous two stages of the data model construction was used to create the overall data model, taking into consideration the possible integration with third parties and the needs of the I&M Visualization portal.  The constructed document is attempted to present the designed Entity-Relationship-Diagram (ERD) of the DMS-DM. Additional definitions of the existing entities and the relations between them are also depicted.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

HadISDH.marine Build Process

HadISDH.marine is a monthly 5° by 5° gridded global ocean surface humidity climate monitoring dataset created from in-situ sub-daily synoptic ship data. The data have been quality controlled and bias adjusted for changing ship heights and instrument types. Monthly mean climate anomalies are provided alongside uncertainty estimates, actual values, climatological means and standard deviations for specific humidity, relative humidity, vapour pressure, dew point temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point depression in addition to the simultaneously observed temperature. This diagram shows an overview of the build process.

Multiscale processes controlling niobium mobility during supergene weathering

This metadata file gathers diffraction, spectroscopic and geochemical raw data supporting the manuscript entitled “Multiscale processes controlling niobium mobility during supergene weathering“ submitted to Geochimica et Cosmochima Acta. - X-ray diffraction: "spinner_PIMI_xx.xrdml". Duricrust: PIMI01, 02. Bauxitic horizon: PIMI03. Lateritic horizon: PIMI04, 05. Clayey mottled zone: PIMI06,07. - X-ray absorption data: 1) References: "XAS_L3/K-EDGE_references". Raw X-ray absorption spectra of Nb mineralogial references at the Nb L3- and K-edges. 2) Bulk sample of laterite: "XAS_L3/K-EDGE_pimi_XX". Raw X-ray absorption spectra of lateritic bulk samples from Pitinga. 3) Microanalyses: "MICRO_XAS_L3_minerals". Micro-XAS spectra collected on thin sections from Pitinga. - Bulk chemistry "geochemistry_pitinga". Bulk geochemical analyses of Pitinga lateritic regolith.

Visual processing and collective motion-related decision-making in desert locusts

Collectively moving groups of animals rely on decision-making of locally interacting individuals in order to maintain swarm cohesion. However, the complex and noisy visual environment poses a major challenge to the extraction and processing of relevant information. We addressed this challenge by studying swarming-related decision-making in desert locust nymphs. Controlled visual stimuli, in the form of random dot kinematograms, were presented to tethered locust nymphs in a trackball setup, while monitoring movement trajectory and walking parameters. In a complementary set of experiments, the neurophysiological basis of the observed behavioral responses was explored. Our results suggest that locusts utilize filtering and discrimination upon encountering multiple stimuli simultaneously. Specifically, we show that locusts are sensitive to differences in speed at the individual conspecific level, and to movement coherence at the group level, and may use these to filter out non-relevant stimuli. The locusts also discriminate and assign different weights to different stimuli, with an observed interactive effect of stimulus size, relative abundance, and motion direction. Our findings provide insights into the cognitive abilities of locusts in the domain of decision-making and visual-based collective motion and support locusts as a model for investigating sensory-motor integration and motion-related decision-making in the intricate swarm environment.

Space resource utilization of dominant species integrates abundance- and functional-based processes for better predictions of plant diversity dynamics

Sustainable ecosystem management relies on our ability to predict changes in plant diversity and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Empirical evidence demonstrates that abundance- and functional-based processes simultaneously explain the loss of plant diversity in response to human activities. Recently, a novel indicator based on percent cover (CoverD) and maximum height (HeightD) of the dominant plant species – Space Resource Utilization (SRUD) – has proven to give robust and better predictions of plant diversity dynamics than community biomass. Whether the superior predictive ability of SRUD is due to its capacity to simultaneously capture abundance- and functional-based processes remains unknown. Here, we tested this hypothesis by quantifying mechanistic links between changes in SRUD and biodiversity in response to nutrients and herbivores. Furthermore, we assessed the relative contribution of dominant, intermediate, and rare species to reduced density of individuals by combining null model analysis with field experiments. We found that SRUD successfully captured changes in ground-level light availability and changes in the number of individuals to predict plant diversity dynamics, and each of CoverD and HeightD partly and independently contributed to both processes. Comparative results from null model analysis and field experiments confirmed that individual losses of dominant, intermediate, and rare species followed non-random processes. Specifically, compared with random loss process, rare species lost proportionally more individuals and thus disproportionately contributed to species loss, while dominant and intermediate species lost less. Our results demonstrate that SRUD captures both abundance- and functional-based processes thus explaining why SRUD provides more accurate predictions of changes in species diversity. Given that rare species can play an important role in shaping community structure, resisting against invasion, impacting higher trophic levels, and providing multiple ecosystem functions, reducing the SRU of dominant species could alleviate the risk of exclusion of rare species by mitigating abundance- and functional-based competition processes.

opencc-by-nc-nd-4.0Oct 2006View details →

ENST-Drums: an extensive audio-visual database for drum signals processing

The ENST-Drums database is a large and varied research database for automatic drum transcription and processing: <ul> <li>Three professional drummers specialized in different music genres were recorded.</li> <li>Total duration of audio material recorded per drummer is around 75 minutes.</li> <li>Each drummer played his own drum kit.</li> <li>Each sequence used either sticks, rods, brushes or mallets to increase the diversity of drum sounds.</li> <li>The drum kits themselves are varied, ranging from a small, portable, kit with two toms and 2 cymbals, suitable for jazz and latin music ; to a larger rock drum set with 4 toms and 5 cymbals.</li> </ul> Each sequence is recorded on 8 individual audio channels, is filmed from two angles, and is fully annotated A large part of ENST-Drums is publicly available under some conditions. These conditions include: <ul> <li>The use and exploitation of the database should be limited to research purposes. No commercial use is possible.</li> <li>The database is distributed under the licence "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)"</li> <li>Any document describing a research work where ENST-Drums was used should include a reference to ENST-Drums and to the paper Olivier Gillet and Gaël Richard. ENST-Drums: an extensive audio-visual database for drum signals processing, In Proc of ISMIR'06, Victoria, Canada, 2006.</li> </ul>   Acknowledgements We would like to thank: <ul> <li>The 3 drummers: Louis Cavé, Bertrand Clouard and Frédéric Rottier.</li> <li>E. Thiévon (author) and Play Music Publishing (publisher) for the background accompaniment sequences.</li> </ul> The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the French ministry of research (<a href="http://recherche.ircam.fr/equipes/analyse-synthese/musicdiscover">ACI-MusicDiscover</a> project) and of the European Commission under the <a href="http://www.k-space.eu/">FP6-027026-K-SPACE</a> contract.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Evaluations of the workshops 1, 2 and 3 in the participatory process of the project KlimaRhön

The dataset contains the evaluation answers of the participating stakeholders in the digital workshops 1, 2 and 3 of the participatory process of the project KlimaRhön. The evaluations of workshops 1, 2 and 3 were realized with SoSci Survey (Leiner, 2019) and were shared with the stakeholders via www.soscisurvey.de. It is the original dataset, which is why it is in German, and only personal information of the stakeholders were deleted. The evaluation was done anonymously but the stakeholders had the possibility to indicate their organisation and name in the evaluation of workshop 1, which was deleted to ensure anonymity and data protection. The evaluation of workshop 3 contains statements to reveal the cultural theory type of the stakeholders. The statements follow van der Wal et al. (2014). Leiner, D. J. (2019). SoSci Survey (Version 3.2.12, Version 3.2.23 and Version 3.2.30) [Computer software]. Available at https://www.soscisurvey.de van der Wal, Merel; De Kraker, Joop; Offermans, Astrid; Kroeze, Carolien; Kirschner, Paul A. & van Ittersum, Martin (2014): Measuring social learning in participatory approaches to natural resource management. In: Environmental Policy and Governance, 24 (1): 1-15.

Evolutionary conservation and diversification of auditory neural circuits that process courtship songs in Drosophila

Acoustic communication signals diversify even on short evolutionary time scales. To understand how the auditory system underlying acoustic communication could evolve, we conducted a systematic comparison of the early stages of the auditory neural circuit involved in song information processing between closely-related fruit-fly species. Male Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans produce different sound signals during mating rituals, known as courtship songs. Female flies from these species selectively increase their receptivity when they hear songs with conspecific temporal patterns. Here, we first confirmed interspecific differences in temporal pattern preferences; D. simulans preferred pulse songs with longer intervals than D. melanogaster. Primary and secondary song-relay neurons, JO neurons and AMMC-B1 neurons, shared similar morphology and neurotransmitters between species. The temporal pattern preferences of AMMC-B1 neurons were also relatively similar between species, with slight but significant differences in their band-pass properties. Although the shift direction of the response property matched that of the behavior, these differences are not large enough to explain behavioral differences in song preferences. This study enhances our understanding of the conservation and diversification of the architecture of the early-stage neural circuit which processes acoustic communication signals.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Supplementary material to: Using UAV-based photogrammetry coupled with in-situ fieldwork and U-Pb geochronology to decipher multi-phase deformation processes: A case study from Sarclet, Inner Moray Firth Basin, UK.

This dataset represents the supplementary material to: Using UAV-based photogrammetry coupled with in-situ fieldwork and U-Pb geochronology to decipher multi-phase deformation processes: A case study from Sarclet, Inner Moray Firth Basin, UK. Appendix A - This appendix represents the 3D Digital Outcrop Modell (DOM) of Sarclet ‘The Haven and The Stack’ locality in 3D PDF format. Appendix B - This appendix represents the 3D Digital Outcrop Modell (DOM) of Sarclet ‘Muiri Geo’ lo-cality in 3D PDF format. Appendix C - This appendix represents the 3D Digital Outcrop Modell (DOM) of Sarclet ‘The Haven and The Stack’ locality in .obj format. Appendix D - This appendix represents the 3D Digital Outcrop Modell (DOM) of Sarclet ‘Muiri Geo’ lo-cality in .obj format. Appendix E - This appendix represents the orthomosaic of Sarclet ‘Muiri Geo’ locality in GeoTiff format. Appendix F - This appendix represents the orthomosaic of Sarclet ‘Muiri Geo’ locality in GeoTiff format. Appendix G - This appendix represents the analytical conditions and geochronology data of the studied samples.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

raw and processed X-ray scattering datasets for: "Entering a New Dimension in Powder Processing for Advanced Ceramics Shaping"

This dataset is a complete set of raw, processed and analyzed data, associated with the manuscript mentioned in the title.  Data is stored in HDF5 containers following the NeXus structure definitions. Data is in absolute units, and with traceable scattering and intensity values following our "MOUSE" methodology, described in <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/06/P06034">10.1088/1748-0221/16/06/P06034</a> Data on the samples as well as backgrounds have been included as well as the processing sequence and -values. Data has been processed using the <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600576717004708">DAWN software package</a>.  All associated metadata and processing history has been added. Particle size distribution analyses using McSAS are included as well.  The samples consisted of a 4.2 mass% dispersion of yttria-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles in a cross-linked matrix. The measurements show a good dispersion with minimal agglomeration. The wide-angle region shows diffraction information consistent with zirconia.

Data and processing scripts from "Morphodynamic Preservation of Fluvial Channel Belts"

This compilation contains data reported in the manuscript Cardenas, Lamb, Jobe, Mohrig, and Swartz, Morphodynamic preservation of fluvial channel belts. As of Nov 2022, this manuscript is submitted to SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) journal The Sedimentary Record. Compilation contains: (1) Table showing the edge coordinates of each channel belt in the associated manuscript. (2) Table showing centerline point coordinates. (3) Table showing all width measurements for each channel belt. (4) A compilation table showing representative geometric measurements for each belt. (5) A python script to generate paleoflow directions from centerline coordinates. (6) A script to generate various geometric measurements from belt edge coordinates. (7) A script to plot histograms of geometric measurements.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

A 'Get-Save-Return' process continuum runs on phosphorus economy among subtropical tree species

1. Plants allocate nutrients to new leaves via making a cost-benefit trade-off between root nutrient absorption ('get') and leaf nutrient resorption ('save'). This active trade-off in nutrient acquisition pathways may cause a passive trade-off between resorption and decomposition ('return'). However, whether these nutrient-associated processes are linked and form a 'get-save-return' (GSR) continuum, and its linkages with the aboveground leaf economics spectrum (LES) and the belowground mycorrhizal association remain unclear. 2. Here, we present the first empirical evidence of a direct link among multiple nutrient-associated processes and tested this continuum hypothesis by synchronously integrating root nutrient absorption, leaf nutrient resorption, and leaf litter decomposition of 15 co-occurring tree species hosting either arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi in subtropical forests of China. 3. Across species, there was an active trade-off between phosphorus (P) absorption and resorption, which further caused a passive trade-off between P resorption and leaf litter decomposition, indicating that the GSR continuum exists and runs on P economy. However, these processes associated with nitrogen economy were not well-linked. Interestingly, the loading scores of species on the LES were positively correlated with root P absorption, negatively with leaf P resorption, and positively with leaf litter decomposition. These linkages indicate that species running in the 'fast lane' had greater root P absorption, lower leaf P resorption, and faster leaf litter decomposition than species running in the 'slow lane', and that the process-based GSR continuum follows the trait-based 'fast-slow' LES. Furthermore, the continuum on P economy emerged evidently in the ectomycorrhizal tree species rather than in the arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species, indicating critical control of mycorrhizal association over the continuum. 4. Synthesis. Overall, these results demonstrate the existence of the GSR continuum on tree P economy, which conforms to the economics spectrum theory but varies with mycorrhizal association type. Our findings provide a process-based framework for mechanistic understanding of the whole plant nutrient economy and ecosystem nutrient cycling, and facilitate improved predictions of biogeochemical models. --

Effects of thermal fluctuations on biological processes: A meta-analysis of experiments manipulating thermal variability

Thermal variability is a key driver of ecological processes, affecting organisms and populations across multiple temporal scales. Despite the ubiquity of variation, biologists lack a quantitative synthesis of the observed ecological consequences of thermal variability across a wide range of taxa, phenotypic traits, and experimental designs. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis to investigate how properties of organisms, their experienced thermal regime, and whether thermal variability is experienced in either the past (prior to an assay) or present (during the assay) affect performance, relative to the performance of organisms experiencing constant thermal environments. Our results – which draw upon 1,712 effect sizes from 75 studies – indicate that the effects of thermal variability are not unidirectional and become more negative as mean temperature and fluctuation range increase. Exposure to variation in the past decreases performance to a greater extent than variation experienced in the present and increases the costs to performance more than diminishing benefits across a broad set of empirical studies. Further, we identify life history attributes that predictably modify the ecological response to variation. Our findings demonstrate that effects of thermal variability on performance are context-dependent, yet negative outcomes may be heightened in warmer, more variable climates.