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Figure 2 in Coding characters from different life stages for phylogenetic reconstruction: a case study on dragonfly adults and larvae, including a description of the larval head anatomy of Epiophlebia superstes (Odonata: Epiophlebiidae)
Figure 2. Overview of the outer head anatomy of Epiophlebia superstes: A, ventral view with the right part displayed as a three-dimensional reconstruction in order to show the peculiar muscle arrangement of the labial prehensile mask; B, lateral view; C, frontal view; D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: acl, anteclypeus; agp, anterior genal process; antb, antennal base; cl, cleavage line; cr0lb1 + 2, cranial origin of labral muscles 0lb1 and 0lb2; cr0lb5, cranial origin of labral muscle 0lb5; cr0te3, cranial origin of tentorial muscle 0te3; e, eye; fl, flagellum; fr, frons; lbr, labrum; loc, lateral occellus; lp, labial palpus; moc, middle occellus; oc, occiput; ocr, occipital ridge; pcl, postclypeus; pe, pedicellus; prm, prementum; sc, scapus. For muscle references, see text and Table S2. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Coding characters from different life stages for phylogenetic reconstruction: a case study on dragonfly adults and larvae, including a description of the larval head anatomy of Epiophlebia superstes (Odonata: Epiophlebiidae)
Figure 1. Methodological workflow. In three matrices (AC, NMC, and MC) the full data set of 81 characters was used. The matrices differ in coding strategies. In matrix AC the larvae were coded as independent terminal taxa. In matrix NMC the larvae were omitted, thereby reducing the number of taxa from nine to six. If larval character states differed from adult ones, the character state of the adult was coded (non-multistate approach). In matrix MC we equally incorporated the larval character states into the adult character states, but in cases where larva possess a different character state than the adult these characters were coded as multistate characters. In matrix SC (separate coding) we coded larval and adult characters as separate characters within the same species, which resulted in a higher number of characters. If characters generated by the SC approach showed no variation they were omitted from the analysis, which is why not exactly twice as many characters as in matrices AC and MC are used.
Figure 3 in Coding characters from different life stages for phylogenetic reconstruction: a case study on dragonfly adults and larvae, including a description of the larval head anatomy of Epiophlebia superstes (Odonata: Epiophlebiidae)
Figure 3. SEM micrographs of the outer and three-dimensional reconstructions of the inner anatomy of Epiophlebia superstes. Ventral (A) and dorsolateral (B) view of the mandible (A1, detail of the ventral region of the mandible; B1, detail of the region at the molar base). C, the labral, antennal, tentorial, and pharyngeal musculature in dorsal view. D, the mandibular muscles in dorsofrontal view (D1, same as D in dorsolateral view). E, epipharynx in posterior view (E1, detail of e). F, the labral, antennal, tentorial, and pharyngeal musculature in lateral view. Brain, 0an2, 0lb1, 0bu2, and 0hy2 omitted for clarity. Abbreviations: ata, anterior tentorial arms; br, brain; ct, corpotentorium; dta, dorsal tentorial arms; inc, incisivi; lbr, labrum; le, lateral extension of labrum; mo, mola; pe, pedicellus; phx, pharynx; sc, scapus. For muscle references see text and Table S2. Scale bar: 100 μm.
Fig. 10. Average and 95 in "Collection Bias" and the Importance of Natural History Collections in Species Habitat Modeling: A Case Study UsingThoracophorus costalisErichson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae), with a Critique of GBIF.org
Fig. 10. Average and 95% confidence intervals of model areas for each set of combined collections. The reference model is represented by a black dot at 38 collections = 100% area.
Figs. 1–8 in "Collection Bias" and the Importance of Natural History Collections in Species Habitat Modeling: A Case Study UsingThoracophorus costalisErichson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae), with a Critique of GBIF.org
Figs. 1–8. Exemplar distribution models. Red circles = specimen localities (county-level). 1) Reference model created using all specimen records. Insert: Thoracophorus costalis; 2) University of Wisconsin Insect Research Center, 4.4% reference area; 3) Mississippi State University, 11.9% reference area; 4) Florida State Collection of Arthropods, 28.9% reference area; 5) Canadian National Collection of Insects, 75.5% reference area, greatest of any single collection; 6) Downie and Arnett (1996), 8.5% reference area; 7) Bugguide.net, 11.9% reference area; 8) GBIF.org, 14.1% reference area.
Fig. 11 in "Collection Bias" and the Importance of Natural History Collections in Species Habitat Modeling: A Case Study UsingThoracophorus costalisErichson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae), with a Critique of GBIF.org
Fig. 11. Model area versus number of localities. Red circles = average and 95% confidence intervals of model areas for each set of random localities. Green circles = individual collections. Blue triangles = alternative distribution data.
Fig. 9 in "Collection Bias" and the Importance of Natural History Collections in Species Habitat Modeling: A Case Study UsingThoracophorus costalisErichson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae), with a Critique of GBIF.org
Fig. 9. Percentage of the reference area for each model created from individual collection data (see text for collections designated by codens). Bars for alternative data sources and total have tile fill. ** = collections with individually less than 1% of the reference model area.
PSS in the Automotive sector: Dataset and case study narratives
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Constraining carbonate diagenesis using clumped isotope temperatures and U-Pb dating: a case study from the Gerze area in western central Tibet and implications for paleoelevation interpretations
<p>Data S1: clumped isotope data of new samples; Data S2: clumped isotope data of standards; and Data S32: carbonate LA-ICPMS U-Pb data</p>
The inadequacy of current carbon storage assessment methods for rewilding: A Knepp Estate case study
<ol> <li>In the context of global climate change mitigation, carbon storage in woody vegetation plays a crucial role. Recognising the value of the i-Tree Eco model for carbon storage in urban and forestry settings, this study aimed to explore its applicability to rewilded landscapes. Using direct measurements from destructively sampled scrub from the Knepp Estate, our goal was to determine the model's suitability to this landscape.</li> <li>Our findings reveal that these methods are not appropriate for multi-stemmed trees below browsing height, as we observed no significant relationship between stem basal diameter and height. The i-Tree tool's assumption of belowground biomass being 26% of aboveground biomass may not be applicable to herbivore-influenced landscapes. Additionally, we found that on average, scrub at Knepp had more biomass below the ground than above, with a root:shoot ratio of 1.07, which is more than 4 times the amount predicted by current models using the 0.26 estimate ratio.</li> <li>This study underscores the need for novel allometric approaches that consider species-specific biomass and the impact of external factors, such as herbivory, on carbon storage. Accurate carbon accounting in future rewilding projects is essential for their contribution to both biodiversity enhancement and climate change mitigation.</li> <li>While the i-Tree Eco model provides valuable insights for many ecosystems, our findings suggest that its applicability may be limited in scrubland ecosystems, especially in rewilded landscapes where natural processes create semi-stable scrub and open wood pastures. Nonetheless, with suitable adjustments or when complemented with other methods, the i-Tree Eco model could be a valuable tool for specific scrub or rewilding scenarios.</li> </ol>
CAIRT/IASI-NG+S5/CAIRT+IASI-NG+S5 FL2S results of Case Study Scenario (CSS) 9 for filament for limb-nadir application
<p>Results of the fast level-2 simulator (FL2S) for Case Study Scenarios 9 (only Ozone files) for limb-nadir application. The files contain altitude-time cross-sections of atmospheric parameters along simulated CAIRT-orbits. The variable extensions denote the original field ('_ori'), the application of the averaging kernel ('_ak') and additional application of noise ('_aknoi') for CAIRT alone, IASI-NG + Sentinel 5 (Sentinel 5 only during day time), and the combined product CAIRT+IASI-NG+Sentinel 5.</p>
Dataset used in Addressing ocean planning challenges in a highly crowded sea space: a case study for the regional sea of Catalonia (Western Mediterranean)
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Analyses of "Ramp traps versus pitfall traps for collecting epigeal arthropods: a case study in a coniferous forest in Southwest Finland"
<p>Analyses for <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2294795" target="_blank" rel="noopener">our article</a> on the relative performance of pitfall traps and ramp traps in catching arthropods.</p> <p>Contains:</p> <ul> <li>The R code used to draw figures and test for differences between trap types.</li> <li>The data.</li> <li>The figures drawn by the code: <ul> <li>Barplots of every taxa that showed significant differences between trap types, sampling periods or sampling sites. Barplots show the number of individuals per trap day caught in each group of samples (bars) and in each sample (dots). A group of samples contains the three samples (from three traps) that came from the same trap type, sampling period and sampling site. Bars are sorted by trap type, period, or site (whichever was significant).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>To run the code, you need <a href="https://www.r-project.org/">R</a>, the package mvabund (installation instructions in <em>analysis.r</em>), and also need to set the working directory to wherever the script is on your computer (see first line of code in <em>analysis.r</em>).</p>
Data for: Methodological choices in size and density fractionation of soil carbon reserves – A case study on wood fiber sludge amended soils
<p>A myriad of methods is currently being applied in soil carbon research encompassing major variation in the basic principles and minor variation in details. The most proper method is dependent on the research question and soil type, wherefore a consensus will likely never be reached, and it is difficult to label any method inappropriate. Both the fundamental and the subtle choices in methodology affect the results, wherefore increasing the method-related understanding of soil, agricultural and environmental scientists is of utmost importance. In scientific literature, methods are often not thoroughly presented, let alone reasoned. With this data, we discuss methodological choices in soil carbon fractionation. In addition, our case study follows the effects of pulp mill sludge amendments on soil carbon in a Luvic Stagnosol and Dystric Arenosol. Organic materials are being applied to soil to increase productivity and soil carbon storage. Our results show the difficulties of accumulating carbon in the stable, mineral associated pool, when the carbon content is initially relatively high, and the sorption capacity of the mineral phase already largely occupied. </p>
Epidermal club cell densities in fathead minnows: assessment of method and application to a case study
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Many fishes possess epidermal club cells that are the presumptive source of chemical alarm cues and also play a role in innate immune defense. Club cell density has been estimated in some studies but a standardized method for quantifying these cells is lacking.</p> <p>Here, we assess the repeatability of estimating club cell density in fathead minnows (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>). Thin-sectioned histological samples of fathead minnows were stained and mounted on slides and then digitally scanned for scoring. We estimated epidermal area using the segment tool in ImageJ to simulate the traditional method of scoring microscope slides using an ocular micrometer, where epidermal area was estimated by the lengths of straight-line segments of epidermal thickness and length of the tissue sample. The second approach measured epidermal area using the freehand tool in ImageJ.</p> <p>The R<sup>2</sup> value for repeated estimates of club cell density (club cells/mm<sup>2</sup>) ranged from 0.959 and 0.969, depending on the method used to estimate epidermal area. Measurement error in estimates of epidermal area was greater than measurement error in cell counts and the freehand tool was more repeatable than the segment tool as a method to measure epidermal area.</p> <p>We applied these methods to test differences in club cell densities between two sources of fathead minnows; wild-caught fish versus lab-reared fish provided by the Environmental Protection Agency. Lab-reared fish had higher densities of club cells than wild-caught fish did, likely reflecting differences in body condition.epidermal club cells</p>
Quantifying how natural history traits contribute to bias in community science engagement: a case study using native and introduced orb weaver spiders in North America
<p>Raw data and R scripts for manuscript.</p>
Supplementary Information of Multistage Provincial Power Expansion Planning and Market Design toward Energy Transition: A Case Study of Xinjiang in China
<p>Supplementary Information of Multistage Provincial Power Expansion Planning and Market Design toward Energy Transition: A Case Study of Xinjiang in China</p>
Case study data 2022: The effects of dune plant roots on loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nest success
<p>Sand dunes are supported by the extensive root systems of dune plants that anchor the dune and protect it from erosion. While all plants that grow on the dunes support their structure, invasive plants can outcompete native and non-native dune plants for resources such as nutrients, sunlight, and space to grow. During the summer, sea turtles lay nests on beaches and near dunes; however, their eggs and hatchlings are at risk of destruction and entrapment by dune plant root penetration. Dune plant roots can penetrate sea turtle nest cavities, thus decreasing the hatching success of the eggs and the emergence success of the hatchlings. The purpose of this project was to determine how plant roots impact loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta)</em> nest success on Casey Key, Sarasota County, Florida, USA, and to assess which factors affect plant root invasion. We predicted (1) a negative impact on loggerhead sea turtle nests by plant roots, (2) invasive plants have a larger impact than native or non-native plants, and (3) the distance from the dune affects whether roots will penetrate the nest. Data from nests excavated in 2022 were used to determine the extent of root penetration and species of plants were documented. Statistical models were used to identify which variables had the greatest effect on root penetration. The results of this study conclude that root presence in the nest cavity decreases both hatch and emergence success of hatchlings within the nest and that nests closer to the dune are more likely to have a higher proportion of root damage and lower hatch and emergence success. This study helps advance understanding of how and if invasive plants affect sea turtle reproductive success and helps inform coastal management aimed at conserving threatened loggerhead populations.</p>
Data for "Misestimation of forest soil carbon and nitrogen stocks due to rock fragments: A case study of large number samples in a boreal forest watershed ecosystem of northeast China"
<p>Here are the data for "<span>Misestimation of forest soil carbon and nitrogen stocks due to rock fragments: A case study of large number samples in a boreal forest watershed ecosystem of northeast China</span>", using the format of"excel".</p>
Case study via scenarios for revenue management in a metalmechanic company
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.