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4,010 results for “STABILITY”
Data from: Species richness and the temporal stability of biomass production: a new analysis of recent biodiversity experiments
The relationship between biological diversity and ecological stability has fascinated ecologists for decades. Determining the generality of this relationship, and discovering the mechanisms that underlie it, are vitally important for ecosystem management. Here, we investigate how species richness affects the temporal stability of biomass production by re-analyzing 27 recent biodiversity experiments conducted with primary producers. We find that, in grasslands, increasing species richness stabilizes whole-community biomass but destabilizes the dynamics of constituent populations. Community biomass is stabilized because species richness impacts mean biomass more strongly than its variance. In algal communities, species richness has a minimal effect on community stability because richness affects the mean and variance of biomass nearly equally. Using a new measure of synchrony among species, we find that for both grasslands and algae, temporal correlations in species biomass are lower when species are grown together in polyculture than when grown alone in monoculture. These results suggest that interspecific interactions tend to stabilize community biomass in diverse communities. Contrary to prevailing theory, we found no evidence that species' responses to environmental variation in monoculture predicted the strength of diversity's stabilizing effect. Together, these results deepen our understanding of when and why increasing species richness stabilizes community biomass.
Data from: Solving the paradox of stasis: squashed stabilizing selection and the limits of detection
Despite the potential for rapid evolution, stasis is commonly observed over geological timescales – the so-called "paradox of stasis." This paradox would be resolved if stabilizing selection were common, but stabilizing selection is infrequently detected in natural populations. We hypothesize a simple solution to this apparent disconnect: stabilizing selection is hard to detect empirically once populations have adapted to a fitness peak. To test this hypothesis, we developed an individual-based model of a population evolving under an invariant stabilizing fitness function. Stabilizing selection on the population was infrequently detected in an "empirical" sampling protocol, because (1) trait variation was low relative to the fitness peak breadth; (2) non-selective deaths masked selection; (3) populations wandered around the fitness peak; and (4) sample sizes were typically too small. Moreover, the addition of negative frequency-dependent selection further hindered detection by flattening or even dimpling the fitness peak, a phenomenon we term "squashed stabilizing selection". Our model demonstrates that stabilizing selection provides a plausible resolution to the paradox of stasis despite its infrequent detection in nature. The key reason is that selection "erases its traces": once populations have adapted to a fitness peak, they are no longer expected to exhibit detectable stabilizing selection.
Data from: No relationship between canalization and developmental stability in the skull of a natural population of Mastomys natalensis (Rodentia: Muridae)
The aim of the present work was to investigate the relationship between canalization and developmental stability under varying environmental conditions. Three different cohorts of Mastomys natalensis (Rodentia, Muridae), displaying different growth trajectories, were analyzed by means of Geometric morphometrics. A set of 23 landmarks was digitalized on the dorsal skull of 292 specimens from Morogoro (Tanzania). Patterns of among- and within-individual (measured as fluctuating asymmetry) variation were assessed and compared among and within the three groups in order to test for the presence of a common mechanism between canalization and developmental stability. Results showed that there was no congruence between canalization and developmental stability: 1) levels of FA and among-individual variation varied in a discordant fashion, 2) no correspondence between variance-covariance matrix of among- and within individual variation was found, 3) environmental effects were able to alter the covariance structure of among- individual variation living patterns associated with fluctuating asymmetry unaffected. These findings support the view of multiple mechanisms underlying developmental buffering of shape variation.
Data from: Ancient hybridization and genomic stabilization in a swordtail fish
A rapidly increasing body of work is revealing that the genomes of distinct species often exhibit hybrid ancestry, presumably due to postspeciation hybridization between closely related species. Despite the growing number of documented cases, we still know relatively little about how genomes evolve and stabilize following hybridization, and to what extent hybridization is functionally relevant. Here, we examine the case of Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl, a teleost fish whose genome exhibits significant hybrid ancestry. We show that hybridization was relatively ancient and is unlikely to be ongoing. Strikingly, the genome of X. nezahualcoyotl has largely stabilized following hybridization, distinguishing it from examples such as human–Neanderthal hybridization. Hybridization-derived regions are remarkably distinct from other regions of the genome, tending to be enriched in genomic regions with reduced constraint. These results suggest that selection has played a role in removing hybrid ancestry from certain functionally important regions. Combined with findings in other systems, our results raise many questions about the process of genomic stabilization and the role of selection in shaping patterns of hybrid ancestry in the genome.
Data from: Relation between stability and resilience determines the performance of early warning signals under different environmental drivers
Shifting patterns of temporal fluctuations have been found to signal critical transitions in a variety of systems, from ecological communities to human physiology. However, failure of these early warning signals in some systems calls for a better understanding of their limitations. In particular, little is known about the generality of early warning signals in different deteriorating environments. In this study, we characterized how multiple environmental drivers influence the dynamics of laboratory yeast populations, which was previously shown to display alternative stable states [Dai et al., Science, 2012]. We observed that both the coefficient of variation and autocorrelation increased before population collapse in two slowly deteriorating environments, one with a rising death rate and the other one with decreasing nutrient availability. We compared the performance of early warning signals across multiple environments as "indicators for loss of resilience." We find that the varying performance is determined by how a system responds to changes in a specific driver, which can be captured by a relation between stability (recovery rate) and resilience (size of the basin of attraction). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the positive correlation between stability and resilience, as the essential assumption of indicators based on critical slowing down, can break down in this system when multiple environmental drivers are changed simultaneously. Our results suggest that the stability–resilience relation needs to be better understood for the application of early warning signals in different scenarios.
Data from: HDAC1/2-dependent P0 expression maintains paranodal and nodal integrity independently of myelin stability through interactions with neurofascins
The pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies in adults is linked to maintenance mechanisms that are not well understood. Here, we elucidate a novel critical maintenance mechanism for Schwann cell (SC)–axon interaction. Using mouse genetics, ablation of the transcriptional regulators histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) in adult SCs severely affected paranodal and nodal integrity and led to demyelination/remyelination. Expression levels of the HDAC1/2 target gene myelin protein zero (P0) were reduced by half, accompanied by altered localization and stability of neurofascin (NFasc)155, NFasc186, and loss of Caspr and septate-like junctions. We identify P0 as a novel binding partner of NFasc155 and NFasc186, both in vivo and by in vitro adhesion assay. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HDAC1/2-dependent P0 expression is crucial for the maintenance of paranodal/nodal integrity and axonal function through interaction of P0 with neurofascins. In addition, we show that the latter mechanism is impaired by some P0 mutations that lead to late onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
Data from: Species richness, but not phylogenetic diversity, influences community biomass production and temporal stability in a re-examination of 16 grassland biodiversity studies
1.Hundreds of experiments have now manipulated species richness of various groups of organisms and examined how this aspect of biological diversity influences ecosystem functioning. Ecologists have recently expanded this field to look at whether phylogenetic diversity among species, often quantified as the sum of branch lengths on a molecular phylogeny leading to all species in a community, also predicts ecological function. Some have hypothesized that phylogenetic divergence should be a superior predictor of ecological function than species richness because evolutionary relatedness represents the degree of ecological and functional differentiation among species. But studies to date have provided mixed support for this hypothesis. 2.Here, we re-analyze data from 16 experiments that have manipulated plant species richness in grassland ecosystems and examined the impact on aboveground biomass production over multiple time points. Using a new molecular phylogeny of the plant species used in these experiments, we quantified how the phylogenetic diversity of plants impacts average community biomass production as well as the stability of community biomass production through time. 3.Using four complementary analyses we show that, after statistically controlling for variation in species richness, phylogenetic diversity (the sum of branches in a molecular phylogenetic tree connecting all species in a community) is neither related to mean community biomass nor to the temporal stability of biomass. These results run counter to past claims. However, after controlling for species richness, phylogenetic diversity was positively related to variation in community biomass over time due to an increase in the variances of individual species, but this relationship was not strong enough to influence community stability. 4.In contrast to the non-significant relationships between phylogenetic diversity, biomass, and stability, our analyses show that species richness per se tends to increase the mean biomass production of plant communities, after controlling for phylogenetic diversity. The relationship between species richness and temporal variation in community biomass was either positive, non-significant or negative depending on which analysis was used. However, the increases in community biomass with species richness, independently of phylogenetic diversity, always led to increased stability. These results suggest that phylogenetic diversity is no better as a predictor of ecosystem functioning than species richness. 5.Synthesis. Our study on grasslands offers a cautionary tale when trying to relate phylogenetic diversity to ecosystem functioning suggesting that there may be ecologically important trait and functional variation among species that is not explained by phylogenetic relatedness. Our results fail to support the hypothesis that the conservation of evolutionarily distinct species would be more effective than the conservation of species richness as a way to maintain productive and stable communities under changing environmental conditions.
Data from: miR-122, small RNA annealing and sequence mutations alter the predicted structure of the Hepatitis C virus 5′ UTR RNA to stabilize and promote viral RNA accumulation
Annealing of the liver-specific microRNA, miR-122, to the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 5′ UTR is required for efficient virus replication. By using siRNAs to pressure escape mutations, 30 replication-competent HCV genomes having nucleotide changes in the conserved 5′ untranslated region (UTR) were identified. In silico analysis predicted that miR-122 annealing induces canonical HCV genomic 5′ UTR RNA folding, and mutant 5′ UTR sequences that promoted miR-122-independent HCV replication favored the formation of the canonical RNA structure, even in the absence of miR-122. Additionally, some mutant viruses adapted to use the siRNA as a miR-122-mimic. We further demonstrate that small RNAs that anneal with perfect complementarity to the 5′ UTR stabilize and promote HCV genome accumulation. Thus, HCV genome stabilization and life-cycle promotion does not require the specific annealing pattern demonstrated for miR-122 nor 5′ end annealing or 3′ overhanging nucleotides. Replication promotion by perfect-match siRNAs was observed in Ago2 knockout cells revealing that other Ago isoforms can support HCV replication. At last, we present a model for miR-122 promotion of the HCV life cycle in which miRNA annealing to the 5′ UTR, in conjunction with any Ago isoform, modifies the 5′ UTR structure to stabilize the viral genome and promote HCV RNA accumulation.
Data from: Avian surface reconstruction in free-flight with application to flight stability analysis of a barn owl and peregrine falcon
Birds primarily create and control the forces necessary for flight through changing the shape and orientation of their wings and tail. Their wing geometry is characterised by complex variation in parameters such as camber, twist, sweep and dihedral. To characterise this complexity, a multi-stereo photogrammetry setup was developed for accurately measuring surface geometry in high-resolution during free-flight. The natural patterning of the birds was used as the basis for phase correlation-based image matching, allowing indoor or outdoor use while being non-intrusive for the birds. The accuracy of the method was quantified and shown to be sufficient for characterising the geometric parameters of interest, but with a reduction in accuracy close to the wing edge and in some localized regions. To demonstrate the method's utility, surface reconstructions are presented for a barn owl (Tyto alba) and peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) during three instants of gliding flight per bird. The barn owl flew with a consistent geometry, with positive wing camber and longitudinal anhedral. Based on flight dynamics theory this suggests it was longitudinally statically unstable during these flights. The peregrine flew with a consistent glide angle, but at a range of airspeeds with varying geometry. Unlike the barn owl, its glide configuration did not provide a clear indication of longitudinal static stability/instability. Aspects of the geometries adopted by both birds appeared to be related to control corrections and this method would be well suited for future investigations in this area, as well as for other quantitative studies into avian flight dynamics.
Nano-pulling stimulates axon regeneration in dorsal root ganglia by inducing stabilization of axonal microtubules and activation of local translation
<p>Data and metadata associated to the paper </p><p><strong>doi:</strong> https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.29.564574</p>
Plug and play stability for intracortical brain-computer interfaces: A one-year demonstration of seamless brain-to-text communication
<p>Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) have shown promise for restoring rapid communication to people with neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, to maintain high performance over time, iBCIs typically need frequent recalibration to combat changes in the neural recordings that accrue over days. In this study, we propose a method: Continual Online Recalibration with Pseudo-labels (CORP), that enables self-recalibration of communication iBCIs without interrupting the user. We evaluated CORP with one clinical trial participant. CORP achieved a stable decoding accuracy of 93.84% in an online handwriting iBCI task, significantly outperforming other baseline methods.</p> <p>This dataset contains 21 sessions of recorded neural activities used for the evaluation. It has been formatted for developing and evaluating machine learning models. There 5 more sessions heldout for a planned iBCI stability competition. They will be released in the future.</p> <p>We also provide a pretrained RNN seed model and a laugnage model to preproduce the results in our paper.</p>
When cheating turns into a stabilizing mechanism of plant-pollinator communities
<p>This repository is a complete update to the one linked to our preprint (https://zenodo.org/records/8272889). It includes:</p><ul><li>R codes to reproduce simulations, empirical analyses and figures</li><li>results of theoretical simulations (data_for_analyses.txt in simulations_results)</li><li>empirical data to reproduce analyses (traits_data.csv<i> & </i>empirical_data.csv in empirical<i>_</i>data folder)</li><li>results of simulations calibrated by empirical networks (equilibriums_analyse_empir.txt in simulations_results)</li><li>results of simulations for randomized empirical cheating patterns (equilibriums_analyse_empir_null.txt in simulations_results)</li></ul><p>R (v. 4.3.0) codes are also available here: <a href="https://github.com/f-duchenne/Cheating_in_mutualistic_networks">https://github.com/f-duchenne/Cheating_in_mutualistic_networks</a></p>
Stabilities of volatiles (H, F and C) in apatite at high temperatures
<p>The data supports our paper.</p>
Knee Proprioception, Muscle Strength, and Stability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Unveiling the Moderating Effects of Physical Activity – A cross-sectional study.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Neuromuscular Responses to Volitional Preemptive Abdominal Contraction and Stabilization Belt Use During a Loaded Squat
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplementary Data for "Predicting Thermodynamic Stability of Inorganic Compounds Using Ensemble Machine Learning Based on Electron Configuration"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Stabilized Cycle LCF DATASET TP10 ATHENS
<p>Contains only the max and min of the stabilized cycle (cycle 20) for all the calculations</p>
Data for: Plasmids do not consistently stabilize cooperation across bacteria, but may promote broad pathogen host-range
<p>Horizontal gene transfer via plasmids could favour cooperation in bacteria, because transfer of a cooperative gene turns non-cooperative cheats into cooperators. This hypothesis has received support from theoretical, genomic and experimental analyses. In contrast, we show here, with a comparative analysis across 51 diverse species, that genes for extracellular proteins, which are likely to act as cooperative 'public goods', were not more likely to be carried on either: (i) plasmids compared to chromosomes; or (ii) plasmids that transfer at higher rates. Our results were supported by theoretical modelling which showed that while horizontal gene transfer can help cooperative genes initially invade a population, it has less influence on the longer-term maintenance of cooperation. Instead, we found that genes for extracellular proteins were more likely to be on plasmids when they coded for pathogenic virulence traits, in pathogenic bacteria with a broad host-range.</p>
Stability in subtropical forests: the role of tree-species diversity, stand structure, environmental and socio-economic conditions
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Tree species diversity can increase the stability of ecosystem productivity by increasing mean productivity and/or reducing the standard deviation in productivity. However, stand structure, environmental and socio-economic conditions influence plant diversity and may strongly influence the relationships between diversity and stability in natural forest communities. The relative importance of these factors on community stability remains poorly understood in complex (species-rich) subtropical forests.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Subtropical area of southern China.</p> <p><strong>Time period: </strong>1999-2014.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied:</strong> Forest trees.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted bivariate analyses to examine the mechanisms (overyielding and species asynchrony) underlying the effects of diversity on stability. Multiple regression models were then used to determine the relative importance of tree species diversity, stand structure, socio-economic factors and environmental conditions on stability. Structural equation modeling was used to disentangle how these variables directly and/or indirectly affect forest stability.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Tree species richness exerted a positive effect on stability through overyielding and species asynchrony and this effect was stronger in mountainous forests than that in hilly forests. Species richness positively affected the mean productivity whereas species asynchrony negatively affected the variability in productivity, and hence increased forest stability. Structural diversity also had a positive effect while population density had a negative effect on stability. Precipitation variability and slope mainly indirectly influenced stability through their effects on tree species richness.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Overall, tree species diversity governed stability; however stand structure, socio-economic and environmental conditions also played an important role in shaping stability in these forests. Our work highlights the importance of regulating stand structure and socio-economic factors in forest management and biodiversity conservation, to maintain and enhance their stability of providing the ecosystem services in the face of unprecedented anthropogenic activities and global climate change.</p>
Survey Material and Data - Illusion of visual stability through active perceptual serial dependence
<p>Survey Material and Data.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.