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Figure 1 in Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 1. Different male horn phenotypes in Xylotrupes siamensis. Left panels show exemplars of males of the Tonkinensis (short horn) phenotypes and right panels the Siamensis (long horn with a cephalic horn denticle) phenotype. Samples from the CLAOS population (for details, see Table 1; Fig. 2) exhibit intermediate horn length, and the major males have the cephalic horn denticle.
Figure 4 in Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 4. Associations between three biogeographical distance measures and genetic differentiation (FST), measured at three loci (CO1, ITS2 and H3), for populations of Xylotrupes siamensis. Mantel test statistics (r) indicate the strength and significance of correlations between the genetic distance and biogeographical distance. Distance calculations are detailed in the Material and Methods section. Least cost distances were subject to rescaling and are thus unitless.
Figure 2. A in Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Figure 2. A, the sampling sites of Xylotrupes siamensis populations in this study. White circles indicate samples of the Tonkinensis form and grey circles the Siamensis form. The Mekong River is indicated using a thick grey line; elevational differences are shown via a coloured scale, where a lighter colour depicts higher elevation (maximum = 4000 m a.s.l.). B, location of the study area within the Asia–Pacific region. C–E, species distribution model predictions based on the Last Interglacial (C), the Last Glacial Maximum (D) and current climatic conditions (E) are shown, where darker blue indicates higher predicted climatic suitability.
FIGURE 3 in Distinguishing ten sympatric species of fiddler crab (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) using a suite of phenotypic characteristics
FIGURE 3. Austruca cryptica Naderloo, Türkay & H.-L. Chen, 2010: a–d Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia.Adult male colouration; a, large chela; b, carapace dorsal view. Adult female colouration; c, frontal view; d, carapace dorsal view. Photos credit L. Michie. Line drawing of right G1; e, mesial view; f, lateral view; CLSM images of apical part of G1; g, mesial view; h, lateral view; SEM images of male gastric mill; i, median tooth plate, ventral view; j, left lateral tooth plate, mesial view.
FIGURE 12 in Distinguishing ten sympatric species of fiddler crab (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) using a suite of phenotypic characteristics
FIGURE 12. Tubuca dussumieri (H. Milne Edwards, 1852): a–d Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Adult male colouration; a, large chela; b, carapace dorsal view. Adult female colouration; c, frontal view; d, carapace dorsal view. Photos credit L. Michie. Line drawing of left G1; e, lateral view; f, mesial view; CLSM images of apical part of G1; g, lateral view; h, mesial view; SEM images of male gastric mill; i, median tooth plate, ventral view; j, left lateral tooth plate, mesial view.
FIGURE 6 in Distinguishing ten sympatric species of fiddler crab (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) using a suite of phenotypic characteristics
FIGURE 6. Austruca triangularis (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873): a–d Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Adult male colouration; a, large chela; b, carapace dorsal view. Adult female colouration; c, frontal view; d, carapace dorsal view. Photos credit L. Michie. Line drawing of left G1; e, lateral view; f, mesial view; CLSM images of apical part of G1; g, lateral view; h, mesial view; SEM images of male gastric mill; i, median tooth plate, ventral view; j, left lateral tooth plate, mesial view.
FIGURE 11 in Distinguishing ten sympatric species of fiddler crab (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) using a suite of phenotypic characteristics
FIGURE 11. Tubuca demani (Ortmann, 1897): a–d Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Adult male colouration; a, large chela; b, carapace dorsal view. Adult female colouration; c, frontal view; d, carapace dorsal view. Photos credit L. Michie. Line drawing of left G1; e, lateral view; f, mesial view; CLSM images of apical part of G1; g, lateral view; h, mesial view; SEM images of male gastric mill; i, median tooth plate, ventral view; j, left lateral tooth plate, mesial view.
FIGURE 10 in Distinguishing ten sympatric species of fiddler crab (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) using a suite of phenotypic characteristics
FIGURE 10. Tubuca coarctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1852): a–d Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Adult male colouration; a, large chela; b, carapace dorsal view. Adult female colouration; c, frontal view; d, carapace dorsal view. Photos credit L. Michie. Line drawing of right G1; e, mesial view; f, lateral view; CLSM images of apical part of G1; g, mesial view; h, lateral view; SEM images of male gastric mill; i, median tooth plate, ventral view; j, left lateral tooth plate, mesial view.
FIGURE 2 in Distinguishing ten sympatric species of fiddler crab (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) using a suite of phenotypic characteristics
FIGURE 2. Schematic illustration of the mounting method; a, adhesive reinforcement rings are glued and stacked on the microscope slide to form a cavity; b, polyvinyl lactophenol is dropped into the cavity; c, G1 is placed inside the cavity; d, a cover slip is placed over the cavity. Modified from Michels & Buntzow, 2010.
Stroke risk, phenotypes, and death in COVID-19: systematic review and newly reported cases
Objectives: To investigate the hypothesis that strokes occurring in patients with COVID-19 have distinctive features, we investigated stroke risk, clinical phenotypes, and outcomes in this population. Methods: We performed a systematic search resulting in 10 studies reporting stroke frequency among COVID-19 patients, which were pooled with one unpublished series from Canada. We applied random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the proportion of stroke among COVID-19. We performed an additional systematic search for cases series of stroke in COVID-19 patients (n=125) and we pooled these data with 35 unpublished cases from Canada, USA, and Iran. We analyzed clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality stratified into age groups (<50, 50-70, >70 years). We applied cluster analyses to identify specific clinical phenotypes and their relationship with death. Results: The proportion of COVID-19 patients with stroke (1.8%, 95%CI 0.9-3.7%) and in-hospital mortality (34.4%, 95%CI 27.2-42.4%) were exceedingly high. Mortality was 67% lower in patients <50 years-old relative to those >70 years-old (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.12-0.94, P=0.039). Large vessel occlusion was twice as frequent (46.9%) as previously reported and was high across all age groups, even in the absence of risk factors or comorbidities. A clinical phenotype characterized by older age, a higher burden of comorbidities, and severe COVID-19 respiratory symptoms, was associated with the highest in-hospital mortality (58.6%) and a 3x higher risk of death than the rest of the cohort (OR 3.52, 95%CI 1.53-8.09, P=0.003). Conclusions: Stroke is frequent among COVID-19 patients and has devastating consequences across all ages. The interplay of older age, comorbidities and severity of COVID-19 respiratory symptoms is associated with an extremely elevated mortality.
Figure 11 in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 11. External view of fused scuta and terga of the different species of Galkinius adapted from Chan et al. (2013a, b). A, Galkinia altiapiculus from Platygyra pini; B, G. altiapiculus from Goniastrea pectinata; C, Galkinia tabulatus from Stylophora pistillata; D, Galkinia decima from Montastrea sp.; E, G. decima from Montastrea sp.; F, Galkinia trimegadonta from Platygyra sp.; G, G. trimegadonta from Platygyra sp.; H, Galkinia equus from Favites abdita; I, G. equus from Favites abdita; J, Galkinia indica from Hydnophora microconos; K, G. indica from Hydnophora microconos; L, Galkinia depressa from Favites abdita; M, Galkinia adamanteus from Favites abdita. Scale bar for all images = 1 mm.
Figure 9 in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 9. Fused opercular valves of Galkinius showing primordial scuta and terga and the suture in the fused valve marking the margins of the two parts of the valve. A, host: Favites sp. B, host: Acantastrea. C, host not known.
Figure 8 in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 8. Opercular valves of Galkinius extracted from Acantastrea: A, WAM C55434; host: Acantastrea hillae. B, TAU AR36552; host: Acantastrea rutondoflora.
Figure 10 in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 10. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Galkinius and Creusia based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. The outgroup is Cantellius pallidus. The analysis involved 74 nucleotide sequences, of which 13 sequences of Galkinius are from species described by Chan et al. (2013a) and 60 are new sequences. Host names are in parentheses. Barnacles extracted from a single coral colony are indicated by the same capital letter. Bootstrap support of nodes with more than 90% associated with sequences that clustered together is shown next to the branches with their Bayesian support. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths presenting the number of substitutions per site. Abbreviation: ESU, evolutionarily significant unit.
Figure 7 in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 7. Opercular valves of Galkinius extracted from Platygyra NHM 2013 803–808; host: Platygyra pini.
Figure 6. A in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 6. A, opercular valves of Galkinius extracted from Psammocora: TAU AR29344; host: Psammocora sp. B, Galkinius decima, after Darwin (1854: plate XIV, 6t; Creusia spinulosa var. 10).
Figure 5 in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 5. Opercular valves of Galkinius extracted from Goniastrea: NHM 2013 784–788; host: Goniastrea sp.
Figure 4 in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 4. Opercular valves of Galkinius extracted from Favites: A, TAU AR29315; host: Favites sp. 5. B, NHM 2013 763–767; host: Favites halicora. C, NHM 2013. 769–773; host: Favites pentagona.
Figure 2 in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 2. Opercular valves of Galkinius extracted from Echinophyllia: A, TAU-AR-29262; host: Echinophyllia aspra. B, TAU-AR29261; host: Echinophyllia echinata. C, TAU-AR (no data); host: E. echinata.
Figure 3 in Speciation, phenotypic plasticity, or ontogeny, the case of the genus Galkinius (Pyrgomatidae, Cirripedia, Crustacea)
Figure 3. Opercular valves of Galkinius extracted from Favia: A, TAU-AR29262 host: Favia pallida. B, TAU-AR29264 host: Favia sp. C, TAU-AR29263; host: Favia rosaria.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.