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733 results for “passive”
Vocal behavior in spotted seals (Phoca largha) and implications for passive acoustic monitoring
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Relationship between active and passive environmental factors and the body mass index of residents in Geneva - Dataset
<p>Dataset used for the long paper in the "Exploratory Data Analysis and Geovisualization" course at EPFL. The paper is titled "Relationship between active and passive environmental factors and the body mass index of residents in Geneva"</p>
Dataset for "Deorbiting spacecraft with passively stabilised attitude using a simplified quasi-rhombic-pyramid sail"
<p>Dataset of the paper "Deorbiting spacecraft with passively stabilised attitude using a simplified quasi-rhombic-pyramid sail" by Miguel, N. and Colombo, C.</p> <p>This paper has been published in the journal Advances in Space Research (ASR), in a special issue entitled "Solar Sailing: Concepts, Technology, and Missions II".</p>
Device-Free Localization & Identification Using Sub-GHz Passive Radio Mapping
<p>This dataset contains signal strength measurements from radio frequency communication links formed between 15 transceivers which were installed in a ~42 m<sup>2</sup> office environment. These measurements were performed when 1 of 6 possible single stationary human individuals was present in the environment at 1 of 15 possible locations. Communication occurred on both the 433 MHz & 868 MHz frequency bands using the DASH7 Alliance Protocol (D7A).</p>
Data from: A comprehensive and cost-effective approach for investigating passive dispersal in minute invertebrates with case studies of phytophagous eriophyid mites
<p><strong>Filename: </strong>1_wcm_wheat_wind_.vector.xlsx</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. Variant - experimental approach: W- wind tunnel; V - vector tunnel <br> 2. N - population size on the source patch<br> 3. D - number of individuals that left the source patch<br> 4. C - population size on the target patch after several generations</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>2_wcm_brome_wind_.xlsx</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. N - population size on the source patch<br> 2. D - number of individuals that left the source patch<br> 3. C - population size on the target patch after several generations</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Filename: 3</strong>_wheat_brome_dispersal_rate.xlsx</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. Host - host plant species: Brome - smooth brome (<em>Bromopsis inermis</em>); Wheat - common wheat (<em>Triticum </em>aestivum)<br> 2. N - population size on the source patch<br> 3. D - number of individuals that left the source patch</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Filename: 4</strong>_wcm_crm_dispersal_rate.xlsx</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. Species - eriophyid mite species: WCM - wheat curl mite; CRM - cereal rust mite<br> 2. N - population size on the source patch<br> 3. D - number of individuals that left the source patch</p>
113Cd Solid-State NMR at 21.1 T Reveals the Local Structure and Passivation Mechanism of Cadmium in Hybrid and All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites
<p>Raw NMR data in Bruker Topspin format. Input and output files of the quantum mechanical calculations.</p>
Unsupervised acoustic classification of individual gibbon females and the implications for passive acoustic monitoring
<p>1. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has the potential to greatly improve our ability to monitor cryptic yet vocal animals. Advances in automated signal detection have increased the scope of PAM, but distinguishing between individuals— which is necessary for density estimation— remains a major challenge. When individual identity is known, supervised classification techniques can be used to distinguish between individuals. Supervised methods require labeled training data, whereas unsupervised techniques do not. If the acoustic signals of individuals are sufficiently different, the number of clusters might represent the number of individuals sampled. The majority of applications of unsupervised techniques in animal vocalizations have focused on quantifying species-specific call repertoires. However, with increased interest in PAM applications, unsupervised methods that can distinguish between individuals are needed. <br> 2. Here, we use an existing dataset of Bornean gibbon female calls with known identity from five sites on Malaysian Borneo to test the ability of three different unsupervised clustering algorithms (affinity propagation, K-medoids, and Gaussian mixture model-based clustering) to distinguish between individuals. Calls from different gibbon females are readily distinguishable using supervised techniques. For internal validation of unsupervised cluster solutions, we calculated silhouette coefficients. For external validation, we compared clustering results with female identity labels using a standard metric: normalized mutual information. We also calculated classification accuracy by assigning unsupervised cluster solutions to females based on which cluster had the highest number of calls from a particular female.<br> 3. We found that affinity propagation clustering consistently outperformed the other algorithms for all metrics used. In particular, classification accuracy of affinity propagation clustering was more consistent as the number of females increased, and when we randomly sampled females across sites. <br> 4. We conclude that unsupervised techniques may be useful for providing additional information regarding individual identity for PAM applications. We stress that although we use gibbons as a case study, these methods will be applicable for any individually-distinct vocal animal. <br> </p>
DragonDrop: passive dynamics and control strategies of aerial righting in the dragonfly
Dragonflies perform dramatic aerial manoeuvres when hunting prey or chasing rivals but glide leisurely with wings virtually fixed. This makes dragonflies a great system to explore how to minimize the trade-off between manoeuvrability and stability. We challenged the dragonfly by dropping it from selected inverted attitudes and digitised the 6-degrees-of-freedom aerial recovery kinematics via custom motion capture techniques. From these kinematic data we then performed rigid-body inverse dynamics to reconstruct the forces and torques involved in the righting behaviour. We found that inverted dragonflies typically recover themselves with the shortest rotation from the initial body inclination. Additionally, they exhibited a strong tendency to pitch up with their head leading out of the manoeuvre. Surprisingly, anaesthetised dragonflies could also complete the aerial righting. Such passive righting disappears in recently dead dragonflies but can be partially recovered by waxing their wings to mimic the wing posture of the anesthetised dragonflies. Our inverse dynamics model and wind tunnel experiments support the idea that certain wing postures readily provide stability and may explain the dragonfly's rotational preference. This work demonstrates for the first time that aerodynamically stable body configuration exists in gliding insects, and an active insect can leverage this passive stability as needed.
Data from: Scale-dependent foraging ecology of a marine top predator modelled using passive acoustic data
1. Understanding which environmental factors drive foraging preferences is critical for the development of effective management measures, but resource use patterns may emerge from processes that occur at different spatial and temporal scales. Direct observations of foraging are also especially challenging in marine predators, but passive acoustic techniques provide opportunities to study the behavior of echolocating species over a range of scales. 2. We used an extensive passive acoustic dataset to investigate the distribution and temporal dynamics of foraging in bottlenose dolphins using the Moray Firth (Scotland, UK). Echolocation buzzes were identified with a mixture model of detected echolocation inter-click intervals, and used as a proxy of foraging activity. A robust modelling approach accounting for autocorrelation in the data was then used to evaluate which environmental factors were associated with the observed dynamics at two different spatial and temporal scales. 3. At a broad scale, foraging varied seasonally, and was also affected by sea-bed slope and shelf-sea fronts. At a finer scale, we identified variation in seasonal use and local interactions with tidal processes. Foraging was best predicted at a daily scale, accounting for site-specificity in the shape of the estimated relationships. 4. This study demonstrates how passive acoustic data can be used to understand foraging ecology in echolocating species, and provides a robust analytical procedure for describing spatio-temporal patterns. Associations between foraging and environmental characteristics varied according to spatial and temporal scale, highlighting the need for a multi-scale approach. Our results indicate that dolphins respond to coarser-scale temporal dynamics, but have a detailed understanding of finer-scale spatial distribution of resources.
Data from: Persistent near real-time passive acoustic monitoring for baleen whales from a moored buoy: system description and evaluation
1. Managing interactions between human activities and marine mammals often relies on an understanding of the real-time distribution or occurrence of animals. Visual surveys typically cannot provide persistent monitoring because of expense and weather limitations, and while passive acoustic recorders can monitor continuously, the data they collect are often not accessible until the recorder is recovered. 2. We have developed a moored passive acoustic monitoring system that provides near real-time occurrence estimates for humpback, sei, fin, and North Atlantic right whales from a single site for a year, and makes those occurrence estimates available via a publicly accessible website, email and text messages, a smartphone/tablet app, and the U.S. Coast Guard's maritime domain awareness software. We evaluated this system using a buoy deployed off the coast of Massachusetts during 2015-2016 and redeployed again during 2016-2017. Near real-time estimates of whale occurrence were compared to simultaneously collected archived audio as well as whale sightings collected near the buoy by aerial surveys. 3. False detection rates for right, humpback, and sei whales were 0% and nearly 0% for fin whales, while missed detection rates at daily time scales were modest (12-42%). Missed detections were significantly associated with low calling rates for all species. We observed strong associations between right whale visual sightings and near real-time acoustic detections over a monitoring range of 30-40 km and temporal scales of 24-48 hours, suggesting that silent animals were not especially problematic for estimating occurrence of right whales in the study area. There was no association between acoustic detections and visual sightings of humpback whales. 4. The moored buoy has been used to reduce the risk of ship strikes for right whales in a U.S. Coast Guard gunnery range, and can be applied to other mitigation applications.
Data from: Passive restoration of sub-tropical grassland after abandonment of cultivation
Passive restoration of grasslands after the abandonment of cultivation may be a viable restoration option where seed sources from remnant grasslands are available, and if the risk of deflected succession is low. Passive restoration of subtropical grassland in Queensland, Australia was evaluated along a chronosequence of abandoned cultivation (fallow) paddocks. Plant communities in fallow paddocks were compared with nearby remnant grassland. On average, species richness recovers after 60 years of abandonment and floristic composition shows affinities with nearby remnant grassland (Bray-Curtis ˜ 0·6). The risk of deflected succession, such as dominance by exotic grasses, has apparently been low in this ecosystem. Annual grasses and forbs are rapid colonizers of the abandoned fields, and richness of perennial forbs exhibits near-linear recovery. Perennial grasses are relatively slow to establish but all except two species have statistically insignificant differences in abundance between remnant grassland and fallow fields after 20 years. The perennial grasses that recover most rapidly in fallow paddocks have disseminules that are adorned with appendages for wind dispersal including the most important dominant grass, Dichanthium sericeum. The perennial grasses that are slowest to recover are probably less effective dispersers. Synthesis and applications. Passive restoration of grasslands after the abandonment of cultivation can be a viable contribution to grassland conservation where there is an adequate matrix of remnant grasslands in the vicinity of fallows, perennial exotic species do not monopolize fallows and the dominant native grasses are well dispersed.
Data from: Passive microwave observations of inundation area and the area/stage relation in the Amazon River floodplain
Inundation patterns in Amazon River floodplains are revealed by analysis of the 37 GHz polarization difference observed by the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer on the Nimbus-7 satellite. Flooded area is estimated at monthly intervals for January 1979 through August 1987 using mixing models that account for the major landscape units with distinctive microwave emission characteristics. Results are presented separately for 12 longitudinal reaches along the Amazon River main stem in Brazil as well as for three major tributaries (the Jurua, Purus and Madeira rivers). The total area along the Amazon River main stem that was flooded (including both floodplain and open water) varied between 19000 and 91 000km2. The correlation between flooded area and river stage is used to develop a predictive relationship and reconstruct regional inundation patterns in the floodplain of the Amazon River main stem over the past 94 years of stage records (1903-1996). The mean flooded area along the Amazon River during this 94-year period was 46800km2, of which the openwater surfaces of river channels and floodplain lakes comprised about 20 700km2.
Data from: Passive rafting is a powerful driver of transoceanic gene flow
Dispersal by passive oceanic rafting is considered important for the assembly of biotic communities on islands. However, not much is known about levels of population genetic connectivity maintained by rafting over transoceanic distances. We assess the evolutionary impact of kelp-rafting by estimating population genetic differentiation in three kelp-associated invertebrate species across a system of islands isolated by oceanic gaps for over 5 million years, using mtDNA and AFLP markers. The species occur throughout New Zealand's subantarctic islands, but lack pelagic stages and any opportunity for anthropogenic transportation, and hence must rely on passive rafting for long-distance dispersal. They all have been directly observed to survive transoceanic kelp-rafting journeys in this region. Our analyses indicate that regular gene flow occurs among populations of all three species between all of the islands, especially those on either side of the subtropical front oceanographic boundary. Notwithstanding its perceived sporadic nature, long-distance kelp-rafting appears to enable significant gene flow among island populations separated by hundreds of kilometres of open ocean.
Active and passive surface-wave recordings along high-speed lines
<p>Seismic uniform linear arrays (ULAs) with a length of 23.75 m and composed by 96 geophones spaced at intervals of 25 cm were installed in 3 different sites (sites 1, 2 and 3). The ULAs were positioned on the cess (i.e. the track side) along the railway, at approximately 2 m from the rails, on track 1 for site 1 and track 2 for sites 2 and 3. Active seismic data was acquired by vertically striking a metal plate placed in-line, 12.5 cm away from the first (direct shot) and last (inverse shot) geophones.The impact was achieved with a hammer (1.5 kg) and waves propagation along the ULA was recorded for 2 s with a sampling interval of 0.5 ms (i.e. sampling rate of 2 kHz) and a pre-triggering delay of -0.02 s. Six direct and inverse shots were stacked in the time domain to enhance signal-to-noise ratio.HST passages on tracks 1 and 2 were also recorded with the exact same ULAs for durations of 120 s with a sampling interval of 2 ms (i.e. sampling rate of 500 Hz). The recordings were initiated manually upon visual confirmation of approaching trains at the site.</p>
Raw data for Evaluating community-wide temporal sampling in passive acoustic monitoring: A comprehensive study of avian vocal patterns in subtropical montane forests
<p>This dataset, utilized in the research paper "<a href="https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.141951.1">Evaluating community-wide temporal sampling in passive acoustic monitoring: A comprehensive study of avian vocal patterns in subtropical montane forests</a>", comprises columns such as site_name, longitude (WGS84), latitude (WGS84), altitude (meters above sea level), vegetation types, date, hour, minute, julian_day, scientific_name, and Vocal Activity Rate per minute (VAR_m). It encompasses data gathered from twelve Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) stations positioned within Yushan National Park (YSNP), Taiwan. The collection period spanned from March 1 to June 30, 2021. The dataset documents 8,202,731 vocalizations from twelve bird species, detected using an automated sound identification tool named SILIC (Sound Identification and Labeling Intelligence for Creatures). The vocalization data is aggregated by site, species, and time (down to the minute).</p>
Tranchée Abri - Défense Passive
Uploaded with 3dScannerApp.com Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Passively Adaptive Radiative Switch for Thermoregulation in Buildings
<p>Data and codes for the journal article "Passively Adaptive Radiative Switch for Thermoregulation in Buildings" in <em>Device. </em>DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2023.100186</p> <p>Version v2 added the CAD file (Data S1.STEP).</p>
Longitudinal phase space diagnostics with a non-movable corrugated passive wakefield streaker
<p>Data and analysis scripts for a publication published at Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.050702</p> <p>It is also available on arxiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.11252</p> <ul> <li>analysis.7z contains analysis scripts to generate the plots and pdf. The python scripts require the PassiveWFMeasurement and ElegantWrapper modules by P. Dijkstal. The versions used to compile the manuscript are attached here. The github repositories are https://github.com/pdijksta/PassiveWFMeasurement and https://github.com/pdijksta/ElegantWrapper. Furthermore, the analysis requires an installation of the OCELOT software: https://github.com/ocelot-collab/ocelot. The analysis for this manuscript was performed with version 22.12.0.</li> <li>data.7z contains the data taken at European XFEL on 2023-03-28.</li> </ul>
The Production of Jordanian Arabic Passive Structures by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Data for: Passive Daytime Cooling Foils for Everyone: A Scalable Lamination Process Based on Upcycling Aluminum-Coated Chips Bags
<p>Raw data of the measurements presented in the affiliated publication. The data are organized in folders corresponding to the respective characterization techniques. The employed techniques comprise: optical spectroscopy, indoor and field testing of the passive cooling performance, and scanning electron microscopy imaging.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.