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12,393 results for “Materiality”
Supplementary material and data from: Cranial volume and palate length of cats, Felis spp., under domestication, hybridisation and in wild populations
<p>Reduced brain size, compared with wild individuals, is argued to be a key characteristic among domestic mammal species, and is often thought to be a component of the "domestication syndrome". However, brain size comparisons are often based on old, inaccessible literature and in some cases drew comparisons between domestic animals and wild species that are no longer thought to represent the true progenitor species of the domesticated variant in question. Here we set out to replicate results concerning cranial volumes in domestic cats that were published in the 1960s and 1970s and compared wildcats, domestic cats and their hybrids. In light of new research and ideas surrounding domestication and its effects on domestic animals a replication of these studies is highly relevant. Apart from replicating these studies we also present new data on palate length in Felis cat skulls.</p> <p>Here we provide all data (both new and old digitzed data) upon which we based the analysis discussed in this manuscript. We further provide a link to the code used in the analysis.</p>
supplementary material I
<p>Coordinates from gridBR in Mearim River Drainage Basin (Xavier et al., 2016)</p> <p> Xavier, A.C.; King, C.W.; Scanlon, B.R. Daily Gridded Meteorological Variables in Brazil (1980–2013). <em>Int. J. Climatol.</em> <strong>2016</strong>, <em>36</em>, 2644–2659, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4518.</p>
Using CSA Cement for Novel Waterway Repair Materials
<p>Many maritime structures (e.g., locks, dams, ports) in the US are either reaching or are past their design lives, and there are limited funds for necessary maintenance activities which can often lead to closures. These structures are not easy to detour and often require dewatering before repairs can be made. Closures can cause delays and business-related losses which can have a large economic effect. Thus, it is advantageous to reduce the repair time for maritime structures. BCSA (belitic calcium sulfoaluminate) cement is a promising repair material due to its properties. BCSA cement is a fast-setting hydraulic cement capable of reaching compressive strengths greater than 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) in less than 2 hours. BCSA also has low shrinkage and good long-term strengths. This research consisted of developing an optimal rapid-setting underwater repair mortar mixture design using BCSA cement. Properties such as compressive strength and workability were tested to select the best mix design. Additionally, soil-cements made with BCSA cement were compared to portland cement-based soil-cements. These soil cements have applications for the rapid repair of levees and earthen dams, but also for rapid soil stabilization. The results obtained proved that BCSA cement is a promising material for rapid underwater repairs and repairs of soil-based waterway structures.</p>
Supplementary material S30: The trend in times intervals of jolting pulses for four mite individuals on various substrates (petri-dish, brood-comb and honeycomb).
<p>Jolt occurrence time intervals with respect to time. Data are shown here for a second and third mite on petri-dish (a, b and c, d respectively), a second mite on brood-comb (e, f) and the mite that produces audible jolting pulses on the empty honeycomb that is referred to in the main text (g, h). Jolt occurrences and time between consecutive instances of jolting are showcased in both linear (a, c, e, g) and logarithmic (b, d, f, h) forms. A change in the colour of the data points is indicative of the mite moving to a new position on the substrate.</p>
Supplementary material S28: Modal response of the petri-dish and accelerometer.
<p>Accelerometer modal response, with petri-dish, petri-dish and lid, and alone. An artificial vibration was driven at a 25% magnitude of the PC maximum output volume with a frequency sweep from 0 to 24kHz, via an electromagnetic shaker, to the accelerometer (green), accelerometer glued to the petri-dish (black) and the accelerometer glued to the petri-dish with the lid placed on (red). These figures demonstrate the linearity of the recording system in both linear and logarithmic scales. A large deviation from linearity is seen at 18kHz, where our signals of interest are seldom seen. The only other discrepancy is seen at 500Hz, where the petri-dish exhibits a resonance. The electromagnetic shaker is incapable of vibrating the accelerometer beyond 21kHz, causing the large drop of response seen at ultra-high frequencies.</p>
Supplementary material S26: A comparison of the spectral features of the loudest jolt against walking vibrations on each substrate.
<p>A series of spectrograms allowing the comparison of the vibration originating from the loudest jolt on the left column and walking behaviour on the right column, on three separate substrates (petri-dish (a and b), empty honeycomb (c and d), brood-comb (e and f). The magnitude of acceleration is logarithmic (to the base 10), where the highest magnitude is dark red (2.1x10<sup>-3</sup> m/s<sup>2</sup>) and the lowest magnitude dark blue (and forced to 1/200 of the maximum). All six panels are scaled identically for ease of comparison. In each spectrogram, the regular background vibration inherent to the room was calculated and subtracted, but still results in red pixels on the very lowest frequency band. The data observed in each panel is that also used in S24.</p>
Supplementary material S27: A comparison between the spectra of jolting and walking pulses on each substrate.
<p>Comparison of the average jolting pulse spectra against the average walking pulse spectra, on each substrate. Each collection of pulses (walking or jolting on each substrate) was individually sorted by magnitude and the strongest ones in the collection averaged. The purpose of this is to demonstrate a possible discrimination between the two different behaviours on each substrate on the basis of the pulse spectral features. The number of pulses chosen to be averaged for each collection differs based upon the extent of the collection of spectra and their clarity/quality (petri-dish jolting <em>n </em>= 15, petri-dish walking <em>n </em>= 40, honeycomb jolting <em>n </em>= 10, honeycomb walking <em>n </em>= 40, brood-comb jolting <em>n </em>= 20, brood-comb walking <em>n </em>= 20). All averaged pulses were high pass filtered with a cut-off at 300 Hz to remove background noise without interfering with the frequencies where the signal of interest occurs.</p>
Supplementary material S24: Time course of the loudest Varroa jolting pulse compared to that of a honeybee colony and single bee individual.
<p>Time course of the loudest <em>Varroa </em>jolt on brood-comb with the signal from the full colony and a single bee. The signal seen here in each panel is the integral of the magnitude of acceleration with respect to time. The background vibration that is inherent to the room was calculated and subtracted from this data. The loudest jolt (red) is here compared to the signal of a single bee (black) and the vibrations of the full colony at low and high signal (black). High signal is captured when the frame containing the accelerometer is empty of brood. Low signal is captured when the frame is fully loaded with brood and/or honey. The whooping signal (panel a) was captured during a period of high signal.</p>
Supplementary material S21: Averaged jolting pulses on petri-dish that exhibit lower frequency bandwidths.
<p>The average spectrogram of the ten <em>Varroa</em> jolting pulses registered on the petri-dish that exhibit a mid-frequency bandwidth. The amplitude of acceleration is in logarithmic (to the base 10) where the average highest magnitude is dark red (2.5x10<sup>-2</sup> m/s<sup>2</sup>) and the lowest magnitude is dark blue (forced to be 1/30 of the maximum). The maximum is here forced to be that found in the averaged mite pulse, as this figure is simply to demonstrate the presence of the lower frequency bandwidth. Therefore, the absolute values of the colour-coding are not relevant in this case.</p>
Supplementary material S22: An instance of a honeycomb pulse with a successive train of peaks.
<p>An instance of an accelerometer jolting pulse exhibiting multiple successive peaks, registered from within the honeycomb substrate. Six consecutive traces can clearly be seen within a short time period, lasting approximately 20ms. The white bars either side of the accelerometer trace on the top panel refer to the cropped time period seen in the bottom panel. The maximum magnitude of the pulse waveform is 2.3x10<sup>-3 </sup>m/s<sup>2</sup>. In the spectrogram, the magnitude of the acceleration is logarithmic (to the base 10) with a maximum acceleration of 4.4x10<sup>-4</sup> m/s<sup>2</sup> and the lowest acceleration magnitude corresponding to 1/20 of the maximum. The maximum signal is here forced be the maximum found in the <em>Varroa </em>pulse, as the purpose of this figure is to best showcase the signal peaks.</p>
Supplementary material S19: The growth and decay rate of the Varroa jolting pulse.
<p>The growth and decay of the <em>Varroa </em>jolting pulse on each of the three substrates. Panel ‘a’ showcases the loudest jolting pulse waveform registered on honeycomb, and panel ‘b’ showcases the loudest jolting pulse waveform registered on petri-dish, both of which demonstrate an exponential growth and decay that is highlighted within the red envelope. The growth rate and decay constant were estimated visually (honeycomb growth rate = 0.05ms, honeycomb decay constant = 0.1ms, petri-dish growth rate = 0.09ms, petri-dish decay constant = 1.2ms). The growth rate is the only element of the waveform that is caused by the animal, the decay constant on both the honeycomb and petri-dish are likely the result of the response of the substrate. The brood-comb <em>Varroa </em>jolting pulse seen in panel ‘c’ is the result of the averaged accelerometer waveform for the 40 jolting pulses deemed to be loudest, and are shown in panel ‘d’ to have an envelope following a gaussian function. All peaks in the vibrational trace were forced to become positive values to demonstrate the gaussian function. The negligible exponential decay can be seen, beginning at approximately 3.9ms.</p>
Supplementary material S29: Accelerometer sensitivity and linearity at varying signal magnitudes.
<p>Accelerometer sensitivity and linearity with frequency. Artificial vibrations with three different magnitudes were driven with a frequency sweep from 0 to 24 kHz, with an electromagnetic shaker. The accelerometer outputs (a) are modulated by both the shaker and the crystal responses. The ratio of any two curves (signal = 6 divided by signal = 3 for (b), and signal = 9 divided by signal = 3 for (c)) allows the estimation of the accelerometer’s linearity alone. These figures demonstrate the remarkable linearity of our sensor, except for the bandwidth between 14-18 kHz and frequencies beyond 23 kHz, where up to 10% deviation can be seen. Our signals of interest seldom or never overlap with these frequency bands.</p>
Supplementary material S18: Honeycomb jolting pulse spectra.
<p>Jolting pulse spectra on the honeycomb substrate. The jolting pulse spectra were analysed in the same way as those in S13 and S15. The magnitude of acceleration is logarithmic (to the base 10) where the highest magnitude (dark red) is 2.7x10<sup>-4 </sup>m/s<sup>2</sup> and the lowest magnitude (dark blue) is forced to be 1/30 of the maximum to reduce the contribution of meaningless noise.</p>
Supplementary material S17: All instances of jolting pulses on honeycomb where the vibrational trace is clearly visible (spectrograms).
<p>A series of spectrograms demonstrating the most clearly visible <em>Varroa </em>jolting vibrational pulses registered on honeycomb. These spectrograms showcase the larger variation that is observed in jolting pulses on this substrate. Panels e, f and h provide evidence for the broad-band and generation of signal at the high-frequency bandwidth. The magnitude of acceleration is logarithmic (to the base 10), where the maximum is in red (1x10<sup>-3</sup> m/s<sup>2</sup>) and the minimum blue (and forced to be 1/20 of the maximum).</p>
Supplementary material S15: Brood-comb jolting pulse spectra.
<p>Jolting pulse spectra on the brood-comb substrate. The jolting pulse spectra are sorted by magnitude in descending order. They were subject to the same analysis and filtering as the petri-dish data in S12 and the honeycomb data in S17. The magnitude of acceleration is logarithmic (to the base 10) where the highest magnitude (dark red) is 6x10<sup>-4 </sup>m/s<sup>2</sup> and the lowest magnitude (dark blue) is forced to be 1/40 of the maximum to reduce the contribution of meaningless noise.</p>
Supplementary material S13: Petri-dish jolting pulse spectra.
<p>Jolting pulse spectra on the petri-dish substrate. The magnitude of acceleration is logarithmic (to the power 10) where the highest magnitude (dark red) is 6.1x10<sup>-4 </sup>m/s<sup>2</sup> and the lowest magnitude (dark blue) is forced to be 1/50 of the maximum to reduce the contribution of meaningless noise. All pulses have been high pass filtered at 300 Hz to remove background noise without interfering with the frequency range where signal originating from the <em>Varroa </em>pulse is seen. </p>
Supplementary material S8: Mite jolting behaviour percentages observed in the full collection of individuals.
<p>Pie charts demonstrating the percentage of mite individuals observed jolting (left chart) and their longest jolting time durations (right chart). Percentages have been rounded to the nearest 10.</p>
Code and Data for "Routescore: Punching the Ticket to More Efficient Materials Development"
<p>Code and dataset for the manuscript "Routescore: Punching the Ticket to More Efficient Materials Development" by Seifrid, <em>et al.</em></p>
Supplementary Material for "Model-Free Analysis of Experimental Residual Diploar Couplings in Small Organic Compounds"
<p>NMR Spectra (CLIP-HSQC, perfectCLIP-HSQC, TSE-PSYCHEDELIC) of isopinocampheol in six alignment conditions.</p> <p>Simulation input (experimental RDC data in six alignment media, input geometries, keywords) and output files (simulation / geometry trajectories, alignment data, SECONDA analysis) for isopinocampheol runs with the TITANIA software.</p>
Evaluating Augmented Reality Light Probe Estimation Techniques using a Single Camera (Supplemental Material)
<p>This repository contains the dataset for the paper "Evaluating Single Camera Augmented Reality Light Probe Estimation Techniques".</p> <p>The data archive includes:</p> <ul> <li>The complete image set (3 scenes with 6 techniques and ground truth in 90 time points)</li> <li>SSIM data of the panoramas as a CSV file</li> <li>SSIM data of the rendered images as a CSV file</li> <li>Various graphs to visualize the data</li> <li>R files used to plot the graphs</li> </ul> <p>The data archive includes additional plots that are not included in the paper.</p>
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