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opennotspecifiedJul 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Phytochemical profiling of several Hypericum species identified using genetic markers

Fig. 2. Metaphase chromosomes in root tip squashes of several representatives of the genus Hypericum arranged in ascending order from the lowest to the highest value of the DNA content per chromosome: H. xylosteifolium, 2n =40 (A), H. androsaemum, 2n =40 (B), H. hircinum, 2n =40 (C), H. athoum, 2n =16 (D), H. empetrifolium, 2n =18 (E), H. atomarium, 2n =16 (F), H. monogynum, 2n =42 (G), H. stellatum, 2n =18, 20 (H), H. patulum, 2n =36 (I). Photo: S. Hovancov´a.

Fig. 4 in Carotenoid profiles of red- and yellow-colored arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of (a) red arils of Taxus baccata L. 'Hessei' and (b) yellow arils of Taxus baccata L. 'Lutea'. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Carotenoid profiles of red- and yellow-colored arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder

Fig. 2. ESI(+)-MS2 spectra of the compounds 19 and 21 from the arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder assigned to (all-E)- rhodoxanthin (a) and (all-E)-eschscholtzxanthin (b), respectively. Proposed mass fragmentation of eschscholtzxanthin (c) and the formation of resonancestabilized in-source fragments as shown for eschscholtzxanthin and eschscholtzxanthin myristate (d) (Ziegler et al., 2015; Breithaupt et al., 2002; Enzell and Back, 1995).

Fig. 3 in Carotenoid profiles of red- and yellow-colored arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder

Fig. 3. UV/vis absorption spectra of (all-E)-eschscholtzxanthin (solid line), (all- E)-eschscholtzxanthone (dashed line), and (all-E)-rhodoxanthin (dot-dashed line) at 210–700 nm from the arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder.

Fig. 1 in Carotenoid profiles of red- and yellow-colored arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder

Fig. 1. HPLC-DAD chromatograms of carotenoids from (a) red arils of Taxus × media Rehder 'Hicksii' and (b) yellow arils of Taxus baccata L. 'Lutea' at 504 (450) and 475 nm, respectively. See Tables 2 and 3 for compound assignment. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Vertical profiles of aerosol, NO2, H2O and HONO in Hefei and its surrounding agricultural fields

Average aerosol vertical profiles exhibited a Gaussian shape above 100 m with maximum values of 0.67 km-1 and 0.55 km-1 at 300-400 m layer at AHU and CF, respectively. The distinct layered structure mainly attributed to regional transport. Average H2O and NO2 vertical profiles all showed a Gaussian shape and an exponential shape at AHU and CF, respectively. Moreover, the diurnal evolution of H2O profiles performed one peak and bi-peak patterns at AHU and CF, respectively, whereas NO2 at two stations all exhibited bi-peak patterns attributed to vehicle emissions. Average HONO vertical profiles showed an exponential shape and a Gaussian shape at AHU and CF, respectively. Higher HONO (> 0.05 ppb) above 1.0 km at 14:00-16:00 was observed at CF.

Fig. 4 in Characterisation of Thai strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars with RAPD markers and metabolite profiling techniques

Fig. 4. Metabolite pathway display shows significant difference between Praratchatan No.80 and Akihime at 25Daa. Changes of metabolites are displayed as ratio>1 (blue), <1 (red), no change (grey) and not detected (white). Analysis comprised six biological replicates per cultivar. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Characterisation of Thai strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars with RAPD markers and metabolite profiling techniques

Fig. 5. PCA analysis of volatile analysis of Akihime and Praratchatan No.80. Freeze-dried tissue was analysed by SPME-GC-MS. Samples and metabolites are displayed as score plot (A) and loading plot (B). Six biological replicates are displayed individually.

Fig. 3 in Characterisation of Thai strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars with RAPD markers and metabolite profiling techniques

Fig. 3. Heatmap of metabolites detected in strawberry fruits of Praratchatan No.80 and Akihime. Metabolites were analysed by GC-MS and LC-MS from polar extracts and by GC-MS from non-polar extracts. Ripening stages are displayed as 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28Daa. Only significant compounds, as determined by twoway ANOVA analysis, are displayed. Biological replicates are displayed individually. A more detailed version of this figure is available as Supplementary Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 in Characterisation of Thai strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars with RAPD markers and metabolite profiling techniques

Fig. 2. Stages of fruit development from flower (FL) to overripe fruit of strawberry cultivar Akihime (A) and Praratchatan No.80 (B). Stages are labelled as days after anthesis (Daa). PCA analysis of metabolite composition of Praratchatan No.80 (circles) and Akihime (squares) at eight different fruit ripening stages (C). Metabolites of polar and non-polar extracts were analysed by GC-MS and LC-MS. Data includes 134 identified metabolites including primary and specialised metabolism. Analysis comprised six biological replicates, which are displayed individually.

Fig. 1 in Characterisation of Thai strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars with RAPD markers and metabolite profiling techniques

Fig. 1. Dendrograms of six strawberry varieties based on their genetic (A) and metabolic (B) similarities. The genetic information is based on the degree of band sharing of 228 polymorphic alleles. The metabolic data comprises 129 metabolites identified in polar and non-polar leaf extracts by GC-MS. (C) Representative leaf of six strawberry cultivars.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in Terpenoid profiles of resin in the genus Dracaena are species specific

Fig. 2. Heat map of 20 terpenic volatiles (columns) identified by SPME-GC × GC-MS analyses in five species (rows) of the Dracaena spp. The dendrograms were created using correlation-based distances and the Ward method of hierarchical clustering (P <0.05). Columns are coloured according to chemical class (light orange = monoterepenes M1-8, dark orange = sesquiterpenes S1-12, Table 1). Key: C – Dracaena draco subsp. draco from Canary Islands; E − D. ombet from Ethiopia; M – D. draco subsp. ajgal from Marocco; O – D. serrulata from Oman; S – D. cinnabari from Socotra. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedFeb 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Terpenoid profiles of resin in the genus Dracaena are species specific

Fig. 3. Principal component analyses (PCA) of transformed GC × GC-MS data of eight monoterpenes (M) identified in Dracaena spp. resin. (A) Variables factor map represents projection of variables (M1-8, Table 1) on the plane defined by the first two principal components. (B) Hierarchical clustering is score plot describing the species and their clustering. Coloured boxes indicate particular clusters. Key: C – Dracaena draco subsp. draco from Canary Islands; E − D. ombet from Ethiopia; M – D. draco subsp. ajgal from Marocco; O – D. serrulata from Oman; S – D. cinnabari from Socotra.

Fig. 3 in Transcriptome and metabolome profiling unveiled mechanisms of tea (Camellia sinensis) quality improvement by moderate drought on pre-harvest shoots

Fig. 3. Transcriptome analysis of DEGs. (A) Venn diagram of DEGs. (B–D) Biological processes of corresponding DEGs related to differentially accumulated metabolites in groups of CK vs. MI, CK vs. MO, and CK vs. SE.

Fig. 1 in Transcriptome and metabolome profiling unveiled mechanisms of tea (Camellia sinensis) quality improvement by moderate drought on pre-harvest shoots

Fig. 1. Metabolomic analysis of differentially accumulated metabolites. (A) Venn diagram of differentially accumulated metabolites. (B) The top five most abundant categories. A, amino acids and derivatives; F, flavonoids; N, nucleotide and derivatives; L, lipids; O, organic acids. Blue dot, categories with less metabolites. (C) Accumulation tendencies of the five categories under diferent SWCs.. CK, control (21–24% SWC); MI, milder drought (15–18% SWC); MO, moderate drought (12–15% SWC); SE, severe drought (9–12% SWC). (D) KEGG enrichment of group CK vs. MI from metabolic data. (E) KEGG enrichment of group CK vs. MO from metabolic data. (F) KEGG enrichment of group CK vs. SE from metabolic data. Plot: mean with standard deviation (SD). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 6 in Transcriptome and metabolome profiling unveiled mechanisms of tea (Camellia sinensis) quality improvement by moderate drought on pre-harvest shoots

Fig. 6. Regulation of lipid metabolisms under different SWCs. (A) Phospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis, and the expression tendencies of corresponding differentially accumulated lipids. (B) Connection network of 16 DEGs and 30 differentially accumulated lipids according to PCC> 0.9. Blue dots indicate DEGs, and pink dots denote closely correlated lipids. Colors from green to red in heatmaps represent the relative expression patterns of DEGs; colors from blue to pink represent the accumulated pattern of related metabolites. The compounds index in A and B are referred to in Supplementary Table S6-1. CK, control; MI, mild drought; MO, moderate drought; SE, severe drought. ADH3, alcohol dehydrogenase 3; AFP1-like, ninja-family protein AFP1-like; ALA2_like, phospholipid-transporting ATPase 2; AOS, allene oxide synthase; CIPK5-like, CBL-interacting protein kinase 5-like; DAD1, phospholipase A(1) DAD1; DGK7-like, diacylglycerol kinase 7-like; GDSL-1, GDSL esterase/lipase At5g33370-like; GDSL-2, GDSL esterase/lipase At4g26790-like; GDSL-3, GDSL esterase/lipase 1-like; GDSL-4, GDSL esterase/lipase At1g33811; KCS-12/19-like, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 12/19-like; LTP1-like, non-specific lipid-transfer protein 1-like; MGLL, caffeoylshikimate esterase-like, the isozyme gene of monoglyceride lipase; MTACP, acyl carrier protein; PL A1-Ibeta2, phospholipase A1-Ibeta2; PLD1-like, phospholipase D alpha 1-like. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedFeb 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Terpenoid profiles of resin in the genus Dracaena are species specific

Fig. 1. Detail of SPME-GC × GC-MS analysis of Dracaena spp. terpenes. (A) Dracaena draco subsp. draco from Canary Islands, (B) D. draco subsp. ajgal from Marocco, (C) D. ombet from Ethiopia, (D) D. cinnabari from Socotra, (E) D. serrulata from Oman. Each dot represents one compound. The numbering corresponds to Table 1. The intensity of the signals is colour-coded from blue (zero) to red (maximum). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Transcriptome and metabolome profiling unveiled mechanisms of tea (Camellia sinensis) quality improvement by moderate drought on pre-harvest shoots

Fig. 5. Underlying regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis under different SWCs. (A) Expressions of differentially accumulated flavonoids. (B) Underlying regulation mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. (C) Connection network of 11 DEGs and 32 differentially accumulated flavonoids according to PCC> 0.9. Blue dots indicate DEGs, and pink dots denote flavonoids. In B and C, the colors from green to red in the heatmap show the relative expression pattern of DEGs, and the colors from blue to pink represent the relative accumulated pattern of closely related metabolites. The compounds index in A and C are referred to in Supplementary Tables S5-1. CK, control; MI, mild drought; MO, moderate drought; SE, severe drought. ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; AS-like, hydroquinone glucosyltransferase-like; C, catechin; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; EC, epicatechin; ECG, epicatechin gallate; EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate; FLS, flavonol synthase/flavanone 3-hydroxylase; GC, gallocatechin; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; PKSB, type III polyketide synthase B; UFGT, anthocyanidin 3-Oglucosyltransferase; UGT83A1, UDP-glycosyltransferase 83A1; UGT94P1, beta-D-glucosyl crocetin beta-1,6-glucosyltransferase-like. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Transcriptome and metabolome profiling unveiled mechanisms of tea (Camellia sinensis) quality improvement by moderate drought on pre-harvest shoots

Fig. 4. Levels of quality-associated compounds for different SWCs. (A) Total differentially accumulated flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and C- and O- glycosylflavonoids. (B) Levels of catechins, theanine, and theobromine. (C) Levels of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids. Plot: mean with SD.