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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Brain surfaces computed with FreeSurfer 6 for all ABIDE I subjects

# ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 'surfaces' data This archive contains the following ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 meshes / surfaces: white, orig, sphere Note that the pial surface is part of the ABIDE I pial lgi dataset:    https://zenodo.org/record/7132610    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7132610   ## Credits This data is derived from the MRI scans of the ABIDE I dataset: * ABIDE I dataset: https://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/ Quoting from that website:     "The Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) represents the first      ABIDE initiative. Started as a grass roots effort, ABIDE I involved 17      international sites, sharing previously collected resting state functional      magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI), anatomical and phenotypic datasets      made available for data sharing with the broader scientific community.      This effort yielded 1112 dataset, including 539 from individuals with      ASD and 573 from typical controls (ages 7-64 years, median 14.7 years      across groups). This aggregate was released in August 2012. Its      establishment demonstrated the feasibility of aggregating resting      state fMRI and structural MRI data across sites; the rate of these      data use and resulting publications (see Manuscripts) have shown its      utility for capturing whole brain and regional properties of the brain      connectome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In accordance with      HIPAA guidelines and 1000 Functional Connectomes Project / INDI      protocols, all datasets have been anonymized, with no protected      health information included." Citation: Di Martino, A., Yan, C. G., Li, Q., Denio, E., Castellanos, F. X., Alaerts, K., ... & Milham, M. P. (2014).           The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism. Molecular psychiatry, 19(6), 659-667. ## How this data was produced The following steps were used to create the data: * We downloaded all available MRI scans for the ABIDE I subjects (1035 subjects). * We pre-processed all subjects in FreeSurfer version 6 (https://freesurfer.net) by running the full recon-all pipeline for each subject.     - We did not run any quality metrics on the scans or exclude any subjects. ## Contained files * In order to reduce the size of this dataset, for each subject, we only included the following files:     - <subject>/surf/lh.white      : the white surface for the left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.white      : the white surface for the right hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/lh.orig       : the orig surface for the left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.orig       : the orig surface for the right hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/lh.sphere     : the sphere surface for the left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.sphere     : the sphere surface for the right hemisphere All files are in binary FreeSurfer surf format and represent triangular meshes. All surfaces are full resolution. ## What is NOT contained * The ABIDE demographics information (metadata on the subjects, like age, ...) is not included, you can get it from the ABIDE website. * The pial surface is not included, get it from https://zenodo.org/record/7132610 instead. ## Author and License Note: For the authors of the original ABIDE I dataset, see the Credits section above. This lgi data was created by:     Dr. Tim Schäfer     Postdoc Computational Neuroimaging     Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy     University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany     http://rcmd.org/ts The data is published under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode.txt or the file LICENSE for the full legal code. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ for an easy explanation of what this license means for you.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Native space mesh descriptors computed with FreeSurfer 6 for all ABIDE I subjects

# ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 'native space descriptors' data This archive contains the following ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 native space mesh descriptors: thickness, area, volume, sulc, curv, jacobian_white. ## Credits This data is derived from the MRI scans of the ABIDE I dataset: * ABIDE I dataset: https://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/ Quoting from that website:     "The Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) represents the first      ABIDE initiative. Started as a grass roots effort, ABIDE I involved 17      international sites, sharing previously collected resting state functional      magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI), anatomical and phenotypic datasets      made available for data sharing with the broader scientific community.      This effort yielded 1112 dataset, including 539 from individuals with      ASD and 573 from typical controls (ages 7-64 years, median 14.7 years      across groups). This aggregate was released in August 2012. Its      establishment demonstrated the feasibility of aggregating resting      state fMRI and structural MRI data across sites; the rate of these      data use and resulting publications (see Manuscripts) have shown its      utility for capturing whole brain and regional properties of the brain      connectome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In accordance with      HIPAA guidelines and 1000 Functional Connectomes Project / INDI      protocols, all datasets have been anonymized, with no protected      health information included." Citation: Di Martino, A., Yan, C. G., Li, Q., Denio, E., Castellanos, F. X., Alaerts, K., ... & Milham, M. P. (2014).           The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism. Molecular psychiatry, 19(6), 659-667. ## How this data was produced The following steps were used to create the data: * We downloaded all available MRI scans for the ABIDE I subjects (1035 subjects). * We pre-processed all subjects in FreeSurfer version 6 (https://freesurfer.net) by running the full recon-all pipeline for each subject.     - We did not run any quality metrics on the scans or exclude any subjects. ## Contained files * In order to reduce the size of this dataset, for each subject, we only included the following files:     - <subject>/surf/lh.thickness      : the per-vertex cortical thickness for the left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.thickness      : the per-vertex cortical thickness for the right hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/lh.area           : the per-vertex area of the white surface for the left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.area           : the per-vertex area of the white surface for the right hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/lh.volume         : the per-vertex cortical volume for the left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.volume         : the per-vertex cortical volume for the right hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/lh.sulc           : the per-vertex sulcal depth for the left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.sulc           : the per-vertex sulcal depth for the right hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/lh.curv           : the per-vertex mean curvature of the white surface for the left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.curv           : the per-vertex mean curvature of the white surface for the right hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/lh.jacobian_white : the per-vertex jacobian for the left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.jacobian_white : the per-vertex jacobian for the right hemisphere All files are in binary FreeSurfer curv format. ## What is NOT contained * The ABIDE demographics information (metadata on the subjects, like age, ...) is not included, you can get it from the ABIDE website. ## Author and License Note: For the authors of the original ABIDE I dataset, see the Credits section above. This lgi data was created by:     Dr. Tim Schäfer     Postdoc Computational Neuroimaging     Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy     University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany     http://rcmd.org/ts The data is published under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode.txt or the file LICENSE for the full legal code. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ for an easy explanation of what this license means for you.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Brain labels computed with FreeSurfer 6 for all ABIDE I subjects

# ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 'label' data This archive contains the following ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 labels: cortex, aparc, aparc.a2009s. ## Credits This data is derived from the MRI scans of the ABIDE I dataset: * ABIDE I dataset: https://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/ Quoting from that website:     "The Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) represents the first      ABIDE initiative. Started as a grass roots effort, ABIDE I involved 17      international sites, sharing previously collected resting state functional      magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI), anatomical and phenotypic datasets      made available for data sharing with the broader scientific community.      This effort yielded 1112 dataset, including 539 from individuals with      ASD and 573 from typical controls (ages 7-64 years, median 14.7 years      across groups). This aggregate was released in August 2012. Its      establishment demonstrated the feasibility of aggregating resting      state fMRI and structural MRI data across sites; the rate of these      data use and resulting publications (see Manuscripts) have shown its      utility for capturing whole brain and regional properties of the brain      connectome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In accordance with      HIPAA guidelines and 1000 Functional Connectomes Project / INDI      protocols, all datasets have been anonymized, with no protected      health information included." Citation: Di Martino, A., Yan, C. G., Li, Q., Denio, E., Castellanos, F. X., Alaerts, K., ... & Milham, M. P. (2014).           The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism. Molecular psychiatry, 19(6), 659-667. ## How this data was produced The following steps were used to create the data: * We downloaded all available MRI scans for the ABIDE I subjects (1035 subjects). * We pre-processed all subjects in FreeSurfer version 6 (https://freesurfer.net) by running the full recon-all pipeline for each subject.     - We did not run any quality metrics on the scans or exclude any subjects. ## Contained files * In order to reduce the size of this dataset, for each subject, we only included the following files:     - <subject>/label/lh.cortex.label : label identifying which mesh vertices belong to cortex versus medial wall, for left hemisphere.     - <subject>/label/rh.cortex.label : label identifying which mesh vertices belong to cortex versus medial wall, for right hemisphere.     - <subject>/label/lh.aparc.annot : Desikan atlas surface parcellation for left hemisphere.     - <subject>/label/rh.aparc.annot : Desikan atlas surface parcellation for right hemisphere.     - <subject>/label/lh.aparc.a2009s.annot : Destrieux atlas surface parcellation for left hemisphere.     - <subject>/label/rh.aparc.a2900s.annot : Destrieux atlas surface parcellation for right hemisphere. All files are in ASCII FreeSurfer label format. For the annot files, see FreeSurferColorLut.txt that comes with FreeSurfer for meaning of integers specifying a region. ## What is NOT contained * The ABIDE demographics information (metadata on the subjects, like age, ...) is not included, you can get it from the ABIDE website. ## Author and License Note: For the authors of the original ABIDE I dataset, see the Credits section above. This label data was created by:     Dr. Tim Schäfer     Postdoc Computational Neuroimaging     Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy     University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany     http://rcmd.org/ts The data is published under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode.txt or the file LICENSE for the full legal code. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ for an easy explanation of what this license means for you.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Brain volumes computed with FreeSurfer 6 for all ABIDE I subjects

# ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 'brain volume' data This archive contains the following ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 volumes: mri/brain.mgz, mri/brain_mask.mgz, mri/aseg.mgz, mri/wm.mgz. ## Credits This data is derived from the MRI scans of the ABIDE I dataset: * ABIDE I dataset: https://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/ Quoting from that website:     "The Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) represents the first      ABIDE initiative. Started as a grass roots effort, ABIDE I involved 17      international sites, sharing previously collected resting state functional      magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI), anatomical and phenotypic datasets      made available for data sharing with the broader scientific community.      This effort yielded 1112 dataset, including 539 from individuals with      ASD and 573 from typical controls (ages 7-64 years, median 14.7 years      across groups). This aggregate was released in August 2012. Its      establishment demonstrated the feasibility of aggregating resting      state fMRI and structural MRI data across sites; the rate of these      data use and resulting publications (see Manuscripts) have shown its      utility for capturing whole brain and regional properties of the brain      connectome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In accordance with      HIPAA guidelines and 1000 Functional Connectomes Project / INDI      protocols, all datasets have been anonymized, with no protected      health information included." Citation: Di Martino, A., Yan, C. G., Li, Q., Denio, E., Castellanos, F. X., Alaerts, K., ... & Milham, M. P. (2014).           The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism. Molecular psychiatry, 19(6), 659-667. ## How this data was produced The following steps were used to create the data: * We downloaded all available MRI scans for the ABIDE I subjects (1035 subjects). * We pre-processed all subjects in FreeSurfer version 6 (https://freesurfer.net) by running the full recon-all pipeline for each subject.     - We did not run any quality metrics on the scans or exclude any subjects. ## Contained files * In order to reduce the size of this dataset, for each subject, we only included the following files:    - <subject>/mri/brain.mgz: the full brain, in FreeSurfer standard orientation ("conformed")     - <subject>/mri/brain_mask.mgz: binary mask separating brain from background     - <subject>/mri/aseg.mgz: brain segmentation, assigning voxels to regions. The region code for the voxel values can be found in the FreeSurferColorLUT.txt file that comes with FreeSurfer 6.     - <subject>/mri/wm.mgz: binary mask separating white matter from everything else All files are in FreeSurfer MGZ format. ## What is NOT contained * The ABIDE demographics information (metadata on the subjects, like age, ...) is not included, you can get it from the ABIDE website. ## Author and License Note: For the authors of the original ABIDE I dataset, see the Credits section above. This mri volume data was created by:     Dr. Tim Schäfer     Postdoc Computational Neuroimaging     Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy     University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany     http://rcmd.org/ts The data is published under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode.txt or the file LICENSE for the full legal code. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ for an easy explanation of what this license means for you.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Surface transforms (sphere.reg) computed with FreeSurfer 6 for all ABIDE I subjects

# ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 'surface transforms' data This archive contains files needed to map surface-based subject data to other subjects, templates or spaces. ## Credits This data is derived from the MRI scans of the ABIDE I dataset: * ABIDE I dataset: https://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/ Quoting from that website:     "The Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) represents the first      ABIDE initiative. Started as a grass roots effort, ABIDE I involved 17      international sites, sharing previously collected resting state functional      magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI), anatomical and phenotypic datasets      made available for data sharing with the broader scientific community.      This effort yielded 1112 dataset, including 539 from individuals with      ASD and 573 from typical controls (ages 7-64 years, median 14.7 years      across groups). This aggregate was released in August 2012. Its      establishment demonstrated the feasibility of aggregating resting      state fMRI and structural MRI data across sites; the rate of these      data use and resulting publications (see Manuscripts) have shown its      utility for capturing whole brain and regional properties of the brain      connectome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In accordance with      HIPAA guidelines and 1000 Functional Connectomes Project / INDI      protocols, all datasets have been anonymized, with no protected      health information included." Citation: Di Martino, A., Yan, C. G., Li, Q., Denio, E., Castellanos, F. X., Alaerts, K., ... & Milham, M. P. (2014).           The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism. Molecular psychiatry, 19(6), 659-667. ## How this data was produced The following steps were used to create the data: * We downloaded all available MRI scans for the ABIDE I subjects (1035 subjects). * We pre-processed all subjects in FreeSurfer version 6 (https://freesurfer.net) by running the full recon-all pipeline for each subject.     - We did not run any quality metrics on the scans or exclude any subjects. ## Contained files * In order to reduce the size of this dataset, for each subject, we only included the following files:     - <subject>/surf/lh.sphere.reg: spherical registration information for left hemisphere     - <subject>/surf/rh.sphere.reg: spherical registration information for right hemisphere ## What is NOT contained * The ABIDE demographics information (metadata on the subjects, like age, ...) is not included, you can get it from the ABIDE website. ## Author and License Note: For the authors of the original ABIDE I dataset, see the Credits section above. This data was created by:     Dr. Tim Schäfer     Postdoc Computational Neuroimaging     Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy     University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany     http://rcmd.org/ts The data is published under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode.txt or the file LICENSE for the full legal code. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ for an easy explanation of what this license means for you.

zenodo32/100

Local Gyrification Index computed with FreeSurfer 6 for all ABIDE I subjects

# ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 'local gyrification index' (lGI) data DOI of this dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.7132610 This directory 'abide_freesurfer6_lgi' contains the ABIDE I FreeSurfer 6 'local gyrification index' (lGI) data and meshes. ## Credits This data is derived from the MRI scans of the ABIDE I dataset: * ABIDE I dataset: https://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/ Quoting from that website:     "The Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) represents the first      ABIDE initiative. Started as a grass roots effort, ABIDE I involved 17      international sites, sharing previously collected resting state functional      magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI), anatomical and phenotypic datasets      made available for data sharing with the broader scientific community.      This effort yielded 1112 dataset, including 539 from individuals with      ASD and 573 from typical controls (ages 7-64 years, median 14.7 years      across groups). This aggregate was released in August 2012. Its      establishment demonstrated the feasibility of aggregating resting      state fMRI and structural MRI data across sites; the rate of these      data use and resulting publications (see Manuscripts) have shown its      utility for capturing whole brain and regional properties of the brain      connectome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In accordance with      HIPAA guidelines and 1000 Functional Connectomes Project / INDI      protocols, all datasets have been anonymized, with no protected      health information included." Citation: Di Martino, A., Yan, C. G., Li, Q., Denio, E., Castellanos, F. X., Alaerts, K., ... & Milham, M. P. (2014).           The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism. Molecular psychiatry, 19(6), 659-667. ## How this data was produced The following steps were used to create the data: * We downloaded all available MRI scans for the ABIDE I subjects (1035 subjects). * We pre-processed all subjects in FreeSurfer version 6 (https://freesurfer.net) by running the full recon-all pipeline for each subject.     - We did not run any quality metrics on the scans or exclude any subjects. * We computed pial-lgi (Schaer et al. 2008, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2007.903576) as implemented in FreeSurfer 6 for all subjects.     - For some of the subjects, MRI data was not available or lgi could not be computed due to very bad quality of the (or a completely failed) surface reconstruction. These subjects are listed in the file 'subjects_lgi_computation_failed.txt' (14 of 1035 subjects).     - All subjects for which lgi computation succeeded for both hemispheres are listed in the file 'subjects.txt' (1021 of 1035 subjects). ## Contained files * In order to reduce the size of this dataset, for each subject, we only included the following files:     - <subject>/surf/lh.pial      : the pial surface mesh for the left hemisphere, in FreeSurfer surf format.     - <subject>/surf/rh.pial      : the pial surface mesh for the right hemisphere, in FreeSurfer surf format.     - <subject>/surf/lh.pial_lgi  : the per-vertex lgi values for the left hemisphere, in FreeSurfer curv format.     - <subject>/surf/rh.pial_lgi  : the per-vertex lgi values for the right hemisphere, in FreeSurfer curv format. See the section 'How this data was produced' for information on the files 'subjects.txt' and 'subjects_lgi_computation_failed.txt'. ## What is NOT contained * The ABIDE demographics information (metadata on the subjects, like age, ...) is not included, you can get it from the ABIDE website. * The lgi values are only contained in native space. Standard space data is available as a separate download on Zenodo. ## Author and License Note: For the authors of the original ABIDE I dataset, see the Credits section above. This lgi data was created by:     Dr. Tim Schäfer     Postdoc Computational Neuroimaging     Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy     University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany     http://rcmd.org/ts The data is published under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode.txt or the file LICENSE for the full legal code. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ for an easy explanation of what this license means for you.

openother-ncMar 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →

Figure 1 from: Rane S, Jolly E, Park A, Jang H, Craddock C (2017) Developing predictive imaging biomarkers using whole-brain classifiers: Application to the ABIDE I dataset. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e12733. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e12733

Figure 1 - Weights (β-coefficients) for voxel-wise ReHo features from a support vector machine (SVM) classifier mapped on the glass brain to separate individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

Figure 4 from: Rais M, Ahmed W, Sajjad A, Akram A, Saeed M, Hamid HN, Abid A (2021) Amphibian fauna of Pakistan with notes on future prospects of research and conservation. ZooKeys 1062: 157-175. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1062.66913

Figure 4 A Karez Frog (Chrysopaa sternosignata) B Ladakh Pelobatid Toad (Scutiger occidentalis) C Ant Frog (Microhyla nilphamariensis) D Marbled Balloon Frog (Uperodon systoma). Photographers: Dr Muhammad Rais (A); Dr Matthias Stöck (B); Chaitanya Shukla (C); Peter Janzen (D).

Figure 3 from: Rais M, Ahmed W, Sajjad A, Akram A, Saeed M, Hamid HN, Abid A (2021) Amphibian fauna of Pakistan with notes on future prospects of research and conservation. ZooKeys 1062: 157-175. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1062.66913

Figure 3 A Skittering Frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis) B Skittering Frog (Euphlyctis kalasgramensis) C Pierrei's Cricket Frog (Minervarya pierrei) D Murree Hills Frog (Nanorana vicina) E, F Burrowing Frog (Sphaerotheca maskeyi). Photographers: Dr Muhammad Rais (A, C–F); Waqas Ali (B).

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Rais M, Ahmed W, Sajjad A, Akram A, Saeed M, Hamid HN, Abid A (2021) Amphibian fauna of Pakistan with notes on future prospects of research and conservation. ZooKeys 1062: 157-175. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1062.66913

Supplementary tables

Figure 2 from: Rais M, Ahmed W, Sajjad A, Akram A, Saeed M, Hamid HN, Abid A (2021) Amphibian fauna of Pakistan with notes on future prospects of research and conservation. ZooKeys 1062: 157-175. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1062.66913

Figure 2 A Asian Common Toad or Black-spined Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus)B Olive Toad (Duttaphrynus olivaceus) C Indus Valley Toad (Duttaphrynus stomaticus) D Kashmir Torrent Frog (Allopaa barmoachensis) E Hazara Torrent Frog (Allopaa hazarensis) F Indus Valley Bull Frog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus). Photographers: Dr Muhammad Rais (A, C, E); Dr Spartak Litvinchuk (B); Muhammad Sharif Khan (D); Janis Czurda (F).

Figure 1 from: Rais M, Ahmed W, Sajjad A, Akram A, Saeed M, Hamid HN, Abid A (2021) Amphibian fauna of Pakistan with notes on future prospects of research and conservation. ZooKeys 1062: 157-175. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1062.66913

Figure 1 A Iranian Toad (Bufotes surdus) B Batura Toad (Bufotes baturae) C Himalayan Toad (Duttaphrynus himalayanus) D Ladakh Toad (Bufotes latastii) E Baloch Green Toad (Bufotes zugmayeri) F Swat Green Toad (Bufotes pseudoraddei). Photographers: Dr Spartak Litvinchuk (A–D, F); Muhammad Sharif Khan (E).