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Figure 8 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 8. Dendogram of Jaccard similarities among habitats (paired group), cophenetic correlation: 0.924 (For site abbreviations, see Table 1).

Figure 7 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 7. Heterogeneity of the forest sites using Whittaker's index (For site abbreviations, see Table 1).

Figure 3 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 3. Correlation analysis between environmental parameters measured at each station. Scale colors and corresponding written values in the plot indicate Pearson's coefficients (For details see text).

Figure 1 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 1. Photographs of the forest sites (ED: Essaouira Dunes; TL: Tlat Lhanchane; Our: Ourika; Azg: Azgour; Tam: Tamadout; Ouk: Oukaimeden). The pictures have been photographed by Guennoun F.Z. (2021).

FIG. 3 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia

FIG. 3. — Lichen diversity and vegetation richness in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombi: A, mean and standard error for alpha lichen diversity along the altitudinal gradient; B, mean and standard error for alpha lichen diversity by locality and microhabitat; C, beta lichen diversity; D, total lichen species richness (observed and rarefied) by locality.

FIG. 1 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia

FIG. 1. — Map of the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, showing the sampling points: Δ, Chucheros; Z, Pericos; •, El Queremal; O, Cerro El Inglés; ^, Pico Pance.

FIG. 5. — A in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia

FIG. 5. — A, non-metric multidimensional scaling for composition of lichen species along the gradient (Stres=0.21); B, detrended correspondence analysis for the lichen functional traits along the gradient. In both graphs there is a clear separation between elevations, showing a gradient of species composition and functional traits along the altitudinal gradient. Locations: z, Alto Pance; +, Cerro El Inglés; X, El Queremal; •, Pericos; , Chucheros.

FIG. 2 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia

FIG. 2. — Number of species of the lichen families with higher diversity at each locality in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

FIG. 6 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia

FIG. 6. — Community Weighted Means (CWMs) of functional lichen traits along the altitudinal gradient in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia: A, crustose thallus; B, crustose thallus by microhabitat; C, foliose thallus; D, fruticose thallus; E, fruticose thallus by microhabitat; F, rhizines by microhabitat; G, cyanobacterial photobiont; H, vegetative propagules; I, ascoma; J, ascospore septation (septate, muriform and simple); K, thickness of the ascospore wall; L, size of the ascospores.

FIG. 7 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia

FIG. 7. — Functional diversity along the altitudinal gradient: A, relative Rao Index; B, functional Dominance.

FIG. 4 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia

FIG. 4. — Scatter plot for the alpha lichen diversity and tree density ratio in each study site in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Anthropogenic land‐use change shapes bird diversity along the eastern Himalayan altitudinal gradient

Globally, the conversion of natural forest into agricultural land and human settlement has altered avian diversity and structure often leading to functional and/or phylogenetic homogenisation. While the effects of land-use change on avian functional and phylogenetic diversity is well studied in the tropics, it is poorly understood and scarcely studied in the Himalayas, let alone in the eastern Himalayan bird communities. This dataset comprises observations of 336 bird species from a replicated point-count transect survey conducted between 2019 and 2020 in Bhutan. We used a multispecies occupancy model to estimate occupancy probability while accounting for detection probability. The detection-corrected z-matrix was used to calculate functional and phylogenetic diversity. Our study shows that bird community occupancy along the elevational gradient is negatively associated with human land use (agriculture and settlement). Bird assemblages were functionally and phylogenetically clustered at higher elevations. Agriculture and settlement harboured higher functional and phylogenetic diversity whereas forests had phylogenetically diverse communities within functionally convergent traits. The higher functional and phylogenetic diversity in agriculture and settlement suggests that bird diversity offers an opportunity for a broad range of ecosystem services. Protection of forests abutting human settlements and agriculture will help preserve higher phylogenetic diversity. We recommend that agricultural practices that safeguard and improve bird-friendly habitats should be promulgated. Educational programmes on the importance of the roles of birds should be implemented and integrating bird conservation with farm production will help conserve bird diversity in human-dominated landscapes. To enhance the conservation value of working landscapes in the Himalayas, avitourism can be explored further.

Figure 4 in Diversity of Lepidoptera along Altitudinal Gradient in Shola Forest of Kerala, India

Figure 4. Elevation ranges of the Lepidoptera (Pearson Correlation).

Figure 1 in Diversity of Lepidoptera along Altitudinal Gradient in Shola Forest of Kerala, India

Figure 1. Species diversity of Lepidoptera along elevation gradient; H. -Shannon Wiener

Figure 2 in Diversity of Lepidoptera along Altitudinal Gradient in Shola Forest of Kerala, India

Figure 2. Species richness of Lepidoptera along elevation gradient; Marglef index.

Figure 3 in Diversity of Lepidoptera along Altitudinal Gradient in Shola Forest of Kerala, India

Figure 3. Eveness of Lepidoptera along elevation gradient; J. - Pielou's evenness index.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Altitudinal gradients and species richness: A study on diversity of orthoptera in Nilgiris Shola Forests and Grasslands

Figure 1. Dendrogram showing the similarity of sites in relation to Orthoptera species assemblages.

Figure 6 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 6. Diversity of stations along altitudinal gradient using Shannon index.

Figure 5 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 5. Species composition per forest site (For site abbreviations, see Table 1).

Figure 4 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 4. Families composition per forest site (For site abbreviations, see Table 1).