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62 results for “Brachycephaloidea”
FIGURE 3 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 3. Distribution of 60 calls of five species of Euparkerella (males) along the first and second axes of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from six acoustical variables. Note the five distinct clusters corresponding to five recognized species.
FIGURE 2 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 2. Distribution of 84 specimens of five species of Euparkerella (males and females) along the first and second axes of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) generated from six morphometric variables.
FIGURE 9 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 9. Euparkerella robusta from Mimoso do Sul, ES, Brazil. (A) Oscillogram and (B) audiospectrogram of an advertisement call (ASEC 17693) without frequency modulation. (C) Oscillogram of two pulses of an advertisement call (ASEC 17687) which presents the second amplitude peak and de periodic amplitude modulation at the end of the pulses. (D) Oscillogram, (E) audiospectrogram and (F) power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17684) which illustrates frequency modulation at the end of the pulses. Note the low number of pulses and their long duration. Audiospectrograms and power spectrums with Window function Hann, amplitude logarithmic, window size 512 samples, overlap 99%.
FIGURE 8 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 8. Distribution of the species of Euparkerella. Euparkerella brasiliensis (circle); E. cryptica sp. nov. (white star); E. cochranae (triangle); E. robusta (pentagon); E. tridactyla (square). White symbols represent type localities; black symbols indicate the provenances of the specimens examined from zoological collections; symbols marked with a cross indicate the provenances of the acoustically recorded specimens. The type locality of E. brasiliensis is not precisely known (Izecksohn 1988) and therefore, not shown.
FIGURE 7 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 7. (A–C) Euparkerella cryptica sp. nov. from Silva Jardim, RJ, Brazil. (A) Oscillogram, (B) audiospectrogram (C) and power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17678). Note the long duration and the presence of pulse clusters. (D–F) Euparkerella tridactyla from Santa Maria de Jetibá, ES, Brazil. (D) Oscillogram, (E) audiospectrogram (F) and power spectrum of an advertisement call (ASEC 17704). Note the long duration and high number of pulses. Audiospectrograms and power spectrums with window function Hann, amplitude logarithmic, window size 256 (B, C) and 512 (E, F) samples, overlap 99%.
FIGURE 1 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 1. Graphical illustration of terms used in the structural and temporal description of advertisement calls.
FIGURE 5 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 5. Euparkerella cryptica sp. nov. from Silva Jardim, RJ, Brazil, holotype (ZUFRJ 13281). Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head. Ventral views of the right hand (C) and foot (D).
FIGURE 4 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 4. Euparkerella cryptica sp. nov. from Silva Jardim, RJ, Brazil, holotype (ZUFRJ 13281, adult male, SVL 14.30 mm), in life. Frontal (A) and (B) dorsal views.
FIGURE 6 in A fifth species of the genus Euparkerella (Griffths, 1959), the advertisement calls of E. robusta Izecksohn, 1988 and E. tridactyla Izecksohn, 1988, and a key for the Euparkerella species (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 6. (A–E) Euparkerella cryptica sp. nov. from Silva Jardim, RJ, Brazil. (A) Ventral view of the left hand, holotype (ZUFRJ 13281). The arrow indicates the presence of digital pad and partially overlapped subarticular tubercle. (B) Ventral view of the left hand (MNRJ 85756). The arrow indicates the presence of a single digital pad. (C) Ventral view right hand (ZUFRJ 12851). The arrow indicates the presence of a digital pad and a subarticular tubercle. (D) Ventral view of the left foot (ZUFRJ 12645). The arrow and dashed line indicate the tip of the Toe V reaching near the middle of proximal subarticular tubercle of the Toe IV. (E) Ventral view of the right foot (ZUFRJ 12852). The arrow and dashed line indicate the tip of the Toe V extending beyond the proximal subarticular tubercle of the Toe IV. (F) Euparkerella tridactyla from Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil. Ventral view of the left hand (ZUFRJ 1928). Hand greatly reduced, with triangular fingers; Finger IV vestigial; digital tubercles and pads weakly developed and planar.
FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of the Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea), with the recognition of a new species group in Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
FIGURE 5. Musculus depressor mandibulae drawings, scale bars: 2 mm. A) Pristimantis buckleyi (ICN21843, female). B) P. curtipes (ICN22199, female). C) P. devillei (ICN10734, female). D) P. leptolophus (ICN41835, female). E) P. myersi (BCQ827, female). F) P. scoloblepharus (ICN55769, female).
FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of the Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea), with the recognition of a new species group in Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
FIGURE 1. First part of the consensus tree showing the phylogenetic relationships of Brachycephaloidea as recovered by the 108 most parsimonious trees obtained with direct optimization (length 24341 steps) under equal weights for all transformations. Institutional collection codes follow Sabaj-Pérez (2014). Values above nodes are Goodman-Bremer support.
FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of the Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea), with the recognition of a new species group in Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
FIGURE 2. Second part of the consensus tree showing the phylogenetic relationships of Brachycephaloidea (Pristimantis myersi, P. leptolophus, P. boulengeri, P. devillei species group and unassigned species) as recovered by the 108 most parsimonious trees obtained with direct optimization (length 24341 steps) under equal weights for all transformations. Institutional collection codes follow Sabaj-Pérez (2014). Photos by Marco Rada, John Lynch and Giovany Chaves. Values above nodes are Goodman-Bremer support.
FIGURE 4. Skulls. A, B in Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of the Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea), with the recognition of a new species group in Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
FIGURE 4. Skulls. A, B) Ventral and dorsal view of Pristimantis acatallelus (ICN28978, female; scale bar: 2 mm and 5 mm, respectively). C, D) Ventral and dorsal view of P. leptolophus (ICN7033, female; scale bar: 2 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively). E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of P. uranobates (ICN22738, female; scale bar: 2.5 mm).
FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic relationships and morphology of the Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea), with the recognition of a new species group in Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870
FIGURE 3. Species of P. leptolophus group: A) Pristimantis leptolophus, adult female (ICN7061; photo: J.D. Lynch). B) P. acatallelus, adult female (ICN7224; photo: J.D. Lynch). C) P. stictus, adult female (ICN55702). D) P. maculosus, adult female (ICN55760; photo: H. Arias). E) P. parectatus, adult female (ICN55764). F) P. peraticus, adult female (ICN55767). G) P. scoloblepharus, adult female (ICN55768). H) P. uranobates, adult female (ICN55770).
FIGURE 22 in Corrections to "Padial et al. (2014) Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria"
FIGURE 22. Schematic representation of the new family- and genus-level taxonomy of Brachycephaloidea presented in this study as derived from the results of tree-alignment + parsimony phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences. The placement and affinities of Dischidodactylus and Niceforonia are based on morphological synapomorphies (see text).
Figure 3 in New phenotypic synapomorphies delimit three molecular-based clades of New World direct-developing frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea)
Figure 3. Ventral view of hands showing the comparative size of discs on fingers I and II in frogs of genus Pristimantis. A, Pristimantis appendiculatus (Werner, 1894) (KU 165140). B, Pristimantis penelopus (Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1999) (ICN
Figure 1 in New phenotypic synapomorphies delimit three molecular-based clades of New World direct-developing frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea)
Figure 1. Lateral view of pelvic and thigh musculature showing origins of the m. iliacus externus (ile) and m. tensor fasciae latae (tfl) from the iliac shaft (ish) in frogs of the superfamily Brachycephaloidea. A, Pristimantis kelephus (Lynch, 1998) (ICN 39671). B, Pristimantis cristinae (Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1985) (ICN 3950). C, Craugastor longirostris (Boulenger, 1898) (ICN 42787). D, Ceuthomantis sp1 Colombia (JDL 32489). The red and green colours denote the portion anterior of the iliac shaft free of muscle fibres and the tensor fasciae latae (tfl), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Figure 4 in New phenotypic synapomorphies delimit three molecular-based clades of New World direct-developing frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea)
Figure 4. Distribution of unambiguously optimized phenotypic synapomorphies recovered in the current character analysis. The phylogenetic hypothesis for Brachycephaloidea is that of Padial et al. (2014) and relationships outside Brachycephaloidea follow Jetz & Pyron (2018). Genera and subgenera were collapsed, but the complete distribution of character states is shown in Table 1. Character numbers are given beneath each square, with primitive-derived character states inside each square (see text and Table 1 for character definitions). Colour coding: red = untransformed, homoplastic; blue = transformed, homoplastic.
FIGURE 2 in On the taxonomy and natural history of the secretive Ischnocnema lactea (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923) (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Brachycephalidae)
FIGURE 2. Lectotype of Ischnocnema lactea (MZUSP 828, adult female, SVL 30.5 mm). Photography evidencing its poor preservation condition. Images provided by the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo.
FIGURE 1 in On the taxonomy and natural history of the secretive Ischnocnema lactea (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923) (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Brachycephalidae)
FIGURE 1. Ischnocnema lactea (MZUSP 828), dorsal view modified from the original description (Miranda-Ribeiro 1923).
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OpenNeuro
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