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98 results for “Bufo”
Fig. 1 in Sexual Shape Dimorphism In Bufo Verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) From Lake Borçka Karagöl, Türkiye
Fig. 1. Relationships between body size and shape characters in males (triangles) and females (dots). Z-transformed character values are plotted against PC1 component scores used as estimates of overall body size. Only characters exhibiting significant sexual
FIGURE 4 Average values for eight environmental variables over 17 windows that follow the Bufo bufo – B in Environmental correlates of the European common toad hybrid zone
FIGURE 4 Average values for eight environmental variables over 17 windows that follow the Bufo bufo – B. spinosus hybrid zone from the Atlantic coast (window 1) to the Mediterranean (window 17). Variables shown are those selected by a logistic regression analysis, with 'species' as dependent variable and explanatory variables available for selection as in table 1. Units are as in table 1; see also Hijmans et al. (2005). Values for B. bufo and B. spinosus are shown by small and large dots, respectively. Grey areas indicate that values for B. bufo are lower than for B. spinosus. The graph at the top left provides AUC model fit values along with major topographical references. Rectangles indicate stretches of the species contact for which the environmental models have good fit (AUC> 0.8), with consistent results indicated by green shadings. For the other windows with less than good model fit, signals are likely to be absent or void, either from poor sampling (window 1), the presence of rivers (windows 5–9, 13–14), or a thin or absent species' contact (windows 16–17) (see fig. 3).
Fig. 3 in Histological Changes In Common Toad, Bufo Bufo (Anura, Bufonidae), Liver Tissue Under Conditions Of Anthropogenically Transformed Ecosystems
Fig. 3. Adipose dystrophy and hypopigmentation of Fig. 4. Well-seen adipose dystrophy combined with common toad's liver. Vacuol and pigment remain- protein dystrophy and a foci of necrosis in the middle ings are seen in melano-macrophagal aggregations. of the picture. Destroyed cells and pigment remain- Hematoxyline-eosine staining, ×200. ings are seen in melano-macrophagal aggregations. Hematoxyline-eosine staining, ×200.
Fig. 1 in Histological Changes In Common Toad, Bufo Bufo (Anura, Bufonidae), Liver Tissue Under Conditions Of Anthropogenically Transformed Ecosystems
Fig. 1. Protein dystrophy in common toad. Protein Fig. 2. Foci of necrosis in common toad liver tissue. granules are visible inside hepatocytes. Hematoxy- Destructed cells are seen. Hematoxyline-eosine stainline-eosine staining, ×200. ing, ×200.
Fig. 7 in Histological Changes In Common Toad, Bufo Bufo (Anura, Bufonidae), Liver Tissue Under Conditions Of Anthropogenically Transformed Ecosystems
Fig. 7. Histological changes in liver tissue of common toads from breeding population in NNP "Holosiivskyi", %.
Fig. 5 in Histological Changes In Common Toad, Bufo Bufo (Anura, Bufonidae), Liver Tissue Under Conditions Of Anthropogenically Transformed Ecosystems
Fig. 5. Manifestation of protein dystrophy and hyper- Fig. 6. Abnormally big melano-macrophagal aggrepigmentation in common toad liver tissue. Hematox- gation surrounded by lymphoid infiltrate (inflammayline-eosine staining, ×200. tion) and hyperpigmentation in common toad's liver
Fig. 1 in Seasonal Diet Differences Of The Common Toad Bufo Bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) In Ukrainian Roztochia (Western Ukraine)
Fig. 1. Sampling sites in Ukrainian Roztochia: - Roztochia Nature Reserve (49.913734, 23.759444), - Yavorivskyi National Nature Park (49.974459, 23.820374), - location of Ukrainian Roztochia.
Fig. 2 in Seasonal Diet Differences Of The Common Toad Bufo Bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) In Ukrainian Roztochia (Western Ukraine)
Fig. 2. Seasonal composition of herpetobiotic invertebrate taxa in the forest research area of Ukrainian Roztochia.
Рис. 3. Изменение ΔΛины теΛа у Bufo sachalinensis с возрастом: A — самки; B — самцы Fig. 3. The von Bertalanffy growth models for Bufo sachalinensis: A — females; B — males in Age structure and sexual dimorphism of the Far Eastern toad, Bufo sachalinensis Nikolsky, 1905 in the Ussurisky Nature Reserve
Рис. 3. Изменение ΔΛины теΛа у Bufo sachalinensis с возрастом: A — самки; B — самцы Fig. 3. The von Bertalanffy growth models for Bufo sachalinensis: A — females; B — males
Рис. 4. Поперечные срезы фаΛанг паΛьцев особей Bufo sachalinensis максимаΛьного возраста: A — шестиΛетний самец (L = 69.0 мм); B — семиΛетняя самка (L = 90.6 мм) Fig. 4. Cross-section image of phalanges of Bufo sachalinensis individuals of maximum age: A — six year old male (SVL = 69.0 mm); B — seven year old female (SVL = 90.6 mm) in Age structure and sexual dimorphism of the Far Eastern toad, Bufo sachalinensis Nikolsky, 1905 in the Ussurisky Nature Reserve
Рис. 4. Поперечные срезы фаΛанг паΛьцев особей Bufo sachalinensis максимаΛьного возраста: A — шестиΛетний самец (L = 69.0 мм); B — семиΛетняя самка (L = 90.6 мм) Fig. 4. Cross-section image of phalanges of Bufo sachalinensis individuals of maximum age: A — six year old male (SVL = 69.0 mm); B — seven year old female (SVL = 90.6 mm)
Figure 2 in Interspecific and intraspecific size and shape variation in skull of two closely related species Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) from Turkey
Figure 2. Location of 17 two-dimensional landmarks on the dorsal (A) and ventral (B) skull side of a common toad. A. Dorsal side: 1. Snout tip, 2. Anterior end of suture between premaxilla and maxilla, 3. Anterior end of nasal, 4. Lateralmost point of nasal, 5. Mostanterior point of frontoparietal, 6. Lateralmost point of nasal (posterior), 7. Middle point of the median edge of frontoparietal, 8. Mostposterior median point of frontoparietal, 9. Posterior end of suture between frontoparietal and prootic, 10. Anterior end of suture between frontoparietal and prootic, 11. Middle point of the lateral edge of frontoparietal, 12. Mostanterior point of squamosal, 13. Posterior end of squamosal in contact with prootic, 14. Mostposterior point of prootic, 15. Mostposterior point of maxilla, 16. Posterior end of quadrate, 17. Medial tip of occipital. B. Ventral side: 1. Anteriormost point of premaxilla, 2. Anteriolateral end of premaxilla, 3. Mostposterior median end of premaxilla, 4. Posteriolateral end of premaxilla, 5. Lateralmost point of vomer, 6. Mostposterior end of vomer, 7. Most median point of palatine, 8. Anteriolateral end of palatine, 9. Posteriolateral end of palatine (anterior end of suture between palatine and pterygoid or anterior end of pterygoid), 10. Posteriomedian end of pterygoid, 11. Posteriolateral end of pterygoid, 12. Lateralmost end of parasphenoid, 13. Mostanterior median end of parasphenoid, 14. Mostposterior median end of parasphenoid, 15. Posterior end of maxilla in contact with quadratojugal, 16. Posterior end of quadratojugal, 17. Mostposterior end of occipital condyl.
Figure 1 in Interspecific and intraspecific size and shape variation in skull of two closely related species Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) from Turkey
Figure 1. Distribution map of Bufo bufo (blue) and Bufo verrucosIssImus (yellow) in Turkey according to IUCN Red List and Özdemir et al. (2020), and geographical positions of analysed populations.
Figure 3 in Interspecific and intraspecific size and shape variation in skull of two closely related species Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) from Turkey
Figure 3. The positions of the specimens in morphospaces defined by the first two principal axes derived from covariance matrices of skull shape variables. Blue dots; B. bufo, yellow dots; B. verrucosissimus. DC: dorsal cranium, VC: ventral cranium.
Figure 14 in Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence
Figure 14. Bufo luetkenii (KU 289850), illustrating the nomenclature and position of dorsal (A) and lateral (B) cranial crests coded for the phylogenetic analysis. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 11 in Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence
Figure 11. Area cladograms of previously proposed biogeographical hypotheses for the origin of Bufo compared (A–C) with the area cladogram resulting from the analysis of combined nuclear + mitochondrial DNA and morphology (D; this study). A, based on the osteological data and phenetic relationships of Martin (1972a). B, the cladogram of Maxson (1984) is based on immunological distance data. C, the hypothesis of Pauly et al. (2004) is inferred from 12S−16S mitochondrial DNA data.
Figure 13 in Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence
Figure 13. Posterolateral aspect of the orbits. A, Bufo marinus (KU 42566). B, B. granulosus (KU 170090). C, B. veraguensis (KU 164084). Character 34 (variable amount of ossification of the sphenethmoid) is illustrated. The black areas in (A) and (B) indicate the cartilage of planum antorbitale. Scale bars = 5 mm.
Figure 10 in Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence
Figure 10. Lateral views of the ilia of representative South American Bufo, with relevant character states discussed in the text. A, B. cophotis (KU 218525). B, B. valliceps (KU 68155). C, B. granulosus (KU 170090). D, B. margaritifer (KU 104756). Scale bars = 5 mm.
Figure 8 in Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence
Figure 8. Lateral aspect of the skulls of representative South American Bufo. A, B. crucifer (KU 93112). B, B. granulosus (B. granulosus group; KU 170090). C, B. amabilis (B. spinulosus group; KU 124587). D, B. margaritifer (B. margaritifer group; KU 152057). E, B. veraguensis (B. veraguensis group; KU 164084). F, B. valliceps (B. valliceps group; KU 59873). G, B. caeruleostictus (B. guttatus group; KU 152057). H, B. cophotis (B. variegatus group; KU 218525). Scale bars = 1 cm.
Figure 9 in Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence
Figure 9. Dorsal aspect of vertebral columns of representative Bufo. The numbers refer to characters and their respective states discussed in the text. A, B. spinulosus (KU 160270). B, B. granulosus (KU 170090). C, B. marinus (ROM 20650). D, B. margaritifer (KU 104756). E, B. veraguensis (KU 164084). F, B. valliceps (KU 68155). G, B. cophotis (KU 218525). H, B. guttatus (KU 167631). I, B. nasicus (ROM 20650, drawn from a radiomicrograph). J, B. asper (KU 155584). K, B. woodhousii (KU 18185). Scale bars = 1 cm.
Figure 6 in Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence
Figure 6. Dorsal aspect of the skulls of representative South American Bufo. A, B. crucifer (KU 93112). B, B. granulosus (B. granulosus group; KU 170090). C, B. amabilis (B. spinulosus group; KU 124587). D, B. margaritifer (B. margaritifer group; KU 152057). E, B. veraguensis (B. veraguensis group; KU 164084). F, B. valliceps (B. valliceps group; KU 59873). G, B. caeruleostictus (B. guttatus group; KU 152057). H, B. cophotis (B. variegatus group; KU 218525). Scale bars = 1 cm.
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