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1,033 results for “Embolism”
Xylem Embolism Formation, Refilling and Water Storage in Tree Trunks at Harvard Forest 2012
Trunks of large trees play an important role in whole-plant water balance but technical difficulties have limited most hydraulic research to small stems, leaves and roots. To investigate the dynamics of water-related processes in tree trunks, such as winter embolism refilling, xylem hydraulic vulnerability, and water storage, volumetric water content (VWC) in the main stem was monitored continuously using frequency domain moisture sensors in adult Betula papyrifera trees from early spring through the beginning of winter. An air injection technique was developed to estimate hydraulic vulnerability of the trunk xylem. Trunk VWC increased in early spring and again in autumn concurrent with root pressure during both seasons. Diurnal fluctuations and a gradual decrease in trunk VWC through the growing season were observed, which, in combination with VWC increase after significant rainfall events and depletion during periods of high water demand, indicate the importance of stem water storage in both short-and long-term water balance. Comparisons between the trunk air injection results and conventional branch hydraulic vulnerability curves showed no evidence of “vulnerability segmentation” between the main stem and small branches in B. papyrifera. Measurements of VWC following air injection, together with evidences from air injection and xylem dye perfusion, indicate that embolized vessels can be refilled by active root pressure but not in the absence of root pressure. The precise, continuous and non-destructive measurement of wood water content using frequency domain sensors provides an ideal way to probe many hydraulic processes in large tree trunks that are otherwise difficult to investigate.
Figs 239–245. Stenaelurillus hirsutus Lessert, 1927, holotype. 239. Male palp, ventral view. 240. Embolic division, retrolateral view. 241. Embolic division, dorsal view. 242. Embolic division, median view. 243–245 in Redefinition and partial revision of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae)
Figs 239–245. Stenaelurillus hirsutus Lessert, 1927, holotype. 239. Male palp, ventral view. 240. Embolic division, retrolateral view. 241. Embolic division, dorsal view. 242. Embolic division, median view. 243–245. General appearance. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 239–242 = 0.1 mm; 243–245 = 1 mm.
Figure 5. Trochosa bannaensis, male palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Embolic division, ventral view. D in Wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, China
Figure 5. Trochosa bannaensis, male palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Embolic division, ventral view. D. Bulb, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–B, D = 0.10 mm; C = 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 312. Theoa hamata Tanasevitch, 2014, male. A Embolic division, prolateral view B Embolic division, dorsal view C Habitus, dorsal view D in Survey of Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) spiders from Yunnan, China
FIGURE 312. Theoa hamata Tanasevitch, 2014, male. A Embolic division, prolateral view B Embolic division, dorsal view C Habitus, dorsal view D Habitus, ventral view.
Temperate woody angiosperm (Acer, Ilex, Magnolia) drought tolerance (TLP, xylem embolism) data, Arnold Arboretum and Scott Arboretum, MA/PA, USA, 2019-22
Understanding the capacity of temperate trees to acclimate to limited soil water has become essential in the face of increasing drought risk due to climate change. We documented seasonal – or phenological – patterns in acclimation to water deficit stress in stems and leaves of tree species spanning the angiosperm phylogeny. Over three years of field observations carried out in two U.S. arboreta, we measured stem vulnerability to embolism (36 individuals of 7 Species) and turgor loss point (119 individuals of 27 species) over the growing season. We also conducted a growth chamber experiment on 20 individuals of one species to assess the mechanistic relationship between soil water restriction and acclimation. In three quarters of species measured, plants became less vulnerable to embolism and/or loss of turgor over the growing season. We were able to stimulate this acclimatory effect by withholding water in the growth chamber experiment. Temperate angiosperms are capable of acclimation to soil water deficit stress, showing maximum vulnerability to soil water deficits following budbreak and becoming more resilient to damage over the course of the growing season or in response to simulated drought. The species-specific tempo and extent of this acclimatory potential constitutes preadaptive climate change resilience.
Data from: Addressing controversies in the xylem embolism resistance – vessel diameter relationship
<ol> <li class="MsoNormal">Although xylem embolism is a key process during drought-induced tree mortality, its relationship to wood anatomy remains debated. While the functional link between bordered pits and embolism resistance is known, there is no direct, mechanistic explanation for the traditional assumption that wider vessels are more vulnerable than narrow ones.</li> <li class="MsoNormal">We used data from 20 temperate broad-leaved tree species to study the inter- and intraspecific relationship of water potential at 50% loss of conductivity (<em>P</em><sub>50</sub>) with hydraulically-weighted vessel diameter (<em>D</em><sub>h</sub>) and tested its link to pit membrane thickness (<em>T</em><sub>PM</sub>) and specific conductivity (<em>K</em><sub>s</sub>) on species level.</li> <li class="MsoNormal">Embolism-resistant species had thick pit membranes and narrow vessels. While <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> was weakly associated with <em>T</em><sub>PM</sub>, the <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> – <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> relationship remained highly significant after accounting for <em>T</em><sub>PM</sub>. The interspecific pattern between <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> and <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> was mirrored by a link between <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> and <em>K</em><sub>s</sub>, but there was no evidence for an intraspecific relationship.</li> <li class="MsoNormal">Our results provide robust evidence for an interspecific <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> – <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> relationship across our species. As a potential cause for the inconsistencies in published <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> – <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> relationships, our analysis suggests differences in the range of traits values covered, and the level of data aggregation (species, tree, or sample level) studied.</li> </ol>
Acclimation limits for embolism resistance and osmotic adjustment accompany the geographic dry edge of Mediterranean species
<p>Survival and growth of woody species in the Mediterranean are mainly restricted by water availability. We tested the hypothesis that Mediterranean species acclimate their xylem vulnerability and osmotic potential along a precipitation gradient.</p> <p>We studied five predominant co-occurring Mediterranean species; <em>Quercus calliprinos</em>, <em>Pistacia palaestina</em>, <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em>, <em>Rhamnus lycioides</em>, and <em>Phillyrea latifolia</em>, over two summers at three sites. The driest of the sites is the distribution edge for all the five species. We measured key hydraulic and osmotic traits related to drought resistance, including resistance to embolism (<span class="None">Ψ<sub>50)</sub></span> and the seasonal dynamics of water and osmotic potentials.</p> <p>The leaf water potentials (<span class="None">Ψ<sub>1</sub></span>) of all species declined significantly along the summer, reaching significantly lower <span class="None">Ψ<sub>l</sub></span> at the end of summer in the drier sites. Surprisingly, we did not find plasticity along the drought gradient in <span class="None">Ψ<sub>50</sub></span> or osmotic potentials. This resulted in much narrower hydraulic safety margins (HSM) in the drier sites, where some species experienced significant embolism.</p> <p>Our analysis indicates that reduction in HSM to null values put Mediterranean species in embolism risk as they approach their hydraulic limit near the geographic dry edge of their distribution.</p>
Safety and Effectiveness of an Intracranial Aneurysm Embolization System for Treating Large or Giant Wide Neck Aneurysms
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01716117. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 2. Publications: 5.
Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor Rivaroxaban in Patients With Acute Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism - The EINSTEIN PE Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00439777. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 39. Publications: 12.
Prostatic Artery Embolization in Advanced Prostate Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03457805. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
First - In - Man Study to Assess the Safety and Feasibility of The Bashir™ Endovascular Catheter for the Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03927508. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Optimum Duration of Acoustic Pulse Thrombolysis Procedure in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02396758. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 2.
Standard-dose Apixaban AFtEr Very Low-dose ThromboLYSis for Acute Intermediate-high Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03988842. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 28.
Percutaneous Transcatheter Genicular Embolization in Osteoarthritis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07361198. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Subdural Hematomas With TRUFILL® n-BCA
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04816591. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
ULTrasound Accelerated ThrombolysIs of PulMonAry Embolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01166997. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Breath Analysis Technique to Diagnose Pulmonary Embolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00368836. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Regeneration of Liver: Portal Vein Embolization Versus Radiofrequency Assisted Ligation for Liver Hypertrophy (REBIRTH)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02216773. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Prospective, Open Label Study Evaluating Two Management Strategies on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients Newly on Treatment With Pradaxa for the Prevention of Stroke and Systemic Embolism With No
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01493557. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Gastric Artery Embolization Trial for Lessening Appetite Nonsurgically
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02248688. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 14.
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