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66 results for “Gastropod Evolution”
Fig. 5. Selected gastropods from the Goychay section. A in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)
Fig. 5. Selected gastropods from the Goychay section. A. Theodoxus pallasi; B. Theodoxus pallasi; C. Laevicaspia sp. D. Laevicaspia subcaspia; E. Caspia apsheronica; F. Caspia sp.; G. Clessiniola cf. subvariabilis; H. Ecrobia cf. grimmi; I. Laevicaspia subcaspia; J. Melanopsis bergeroni; K. Lymnaea sp.; L. Turricaspia sp.; M. Laevicaspia sp.; N. Streptocerella sp.; O. Gyraulus sp.; P. Valvata sp. (Scale bars 1 mm).
Fig. 4 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 4. Jurassic species originally included in Promathildia (family Gordenelllidae) (see also Fig. 1E, F). A–C. Mathilda janeti Cossmann, 1885 is designated as type species of Promathildia herein; Hérouvillette, France, late Bathonian. A. From Cossmann (1885: pl. 14: 20, 21), with protoconch in lateral (A1) and axial (A2) views. B. Last whorl with aperture; from Cossmann (1885: pl. 14: 19). C. Mathilda janeti Cossmann, 1885; from Cossmann (1885: pl. 14: 18). D. Mathilda reticularis (Piette, 1855), Le Wast, late Bathonian; from Cossmann (1885: pl. 8: 9). E. Mathilda reticularis (Piette, 1855), Rumigny, France, late Bathonian; from Cossmann (1885: pl. 17: 34), lectotype. F. Pterocera cassiope d'Orbigny, 1850, France, Oxfordian; from Piette (1864–91: pl. 35: 4).
Fig. 9 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 9. Type species and examples for Triassic and Jurassic genera of the family Tofanellidae. A, B. Tofanella laevigata (von Münster, 1841), Cassian Formation, Alpe di Specie, Dolomites, N Italy, Late Triassic A. From Bandel (1995: pl. 10: 1). B. From Bandel (1995: pl. 10: 2). C. Cristalloella (Cristalloella) cassiana Bandel, 1995, Cassian Formation, Campo, Dolomites, N Italy, Late Triassic; from Bandel (1995: pl. 10: 9). D. Cristalloella (Wonwalica) minuta Schröder, 1995, Wąwał, Poland, Valanginian; from Schröder (1995: pl. 10: 1). E. Neodonaldina elongata (Zardini, 1978), Cassian Formation, Alpe di Specie, Dolomites, N Italy, Late Triassic. Protoconch (E1) from Bandel (1996: fig. 5d), whole specimen (E2) from Bandel (1996: fig. 6a). F. Graphis rotundata (Gründel, 1998), borehole Heringsdorf 4/63, Germany, middle Callovian; from Gründel (1998: pl. 1: 5). G. Graphis albida (Kanmacher, 1798), Pliocene, Nice/France; from Bandel (2005: fig. 64). H. Camponaxis lateplicata (Klipstein, 1843), Cassian Formation, Misurina, Dolomites, N Italy, Late Triassic; from Bandel (1995: pl. 14: 3). I. Usedomella laevigatoidea (Gründel, 1993), borehole Kłęby 1/37 (formerly Klemmen), Poland, Callovian; from Gründel (1998: pl. 2: 19). J. Urlocella minuera Gründel, 1998, bore Kłęby 1/37, late Bathonian; from Gründel (1998: pl. 1: 11).
Fig. 8 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 8. Coaxial heterostrophic protoconchs of Mathilda and Tofanella sensu Bandel (1995) do not show principal differences. A. Mathilda bolina (von Münster, 1841) sensu Bandel (1995), Alpe di Specie, N Italy, Late Triassic; from Bandel (1995: pl. 2: 2). B. Tofanella cancellata Bandel, 1995, Cassian Formation, Campo, Dolomites, N Italy, Late Triassic; from Bandel (1995: pl. 11: 8).
Fig. 1 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 1. Type species and examples for Jurassic genera of the family Mathildididae. A. Mathilda angulata (Gründel, 1997), erratic boulder from Hohendorf near Wolgast 3/96/3, Germany, Callovian; from Gründel (1997: pl. 5: 73). B. Tangarilda subturritella (d'Orbigny, 1850), Kanonenberg near Halberstadt, Germany, Hettangian; from Gründel (2010: pl. 3: 3). C. Jurilda concava (Walther, 1951), borehole Kłęby (formerly Klemmen) 1/37, Poland, Bathonian; from Gründel (1997: pl. 1: 1). D. Tricarilda plana (Gründel, 1973), bore Kłęby (formerly Klemmen) 1/37, Poland, Callovian; from Gründel (1997: pl. 3: 41). E, F. The group of Turritella binaria (Jurilda or Tricarilda). These species were also originally included in Promathildia; see also Fig. 4. E. Alaria clathrata Terquem and Jourdy, 1871, Les Clapes, Bathonian; from Terquem and Jourdy (1871: pl. 4: 7). F. Turritella binaria Hébert and Eudes−Deslongchamps, 1860, La Motte Bourbon, early Callovian, Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie BSPG 2012 I 22.
Fig. 7 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 7. Type species and examples for Triassic and Jurassic genera of the family Gordenellidae. A. Camponella pianozensis (Zardini, 1985), Cassian Formation, S Tyrol, Italy, Late Triassic; from Bandel (1995: pl. 8: 7). B. Proacirsa sp., cf. struvii (Lahusen, 1883), Dubki near Saratov, Russia, late Callovian; from Gründel (2005: pl. 5: 12, 16). Whole specimen (B1), protoconch (B2). C. Proacirsa laevigata (Eudes−Deslongchamps, 1843), erratic boulder from Bauer−Wehrland, Germany, Callovian; from Gründel (2000: pl. 1: 15). D. Schafbergia crenata (Stoliczka, 1861), Schafberg near St. Wolfgang, Austria, late Pliensbachian; from Szabó (2008: fig. 87B).
Fig. 6 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 6. Type species and examples for Jurassic genera of the family Gordenellidae. A, B. Gordenella pommerana (Schmidt, 1905), Kłęby (formerly Klemmen), Poland, late Oxfordian. A. From Gründel (2000: pl. 1: 8). B. From Gründel (2000: pl. 1: 11). C. Turritelloidea opalina (Quenstedt, 1852), Mistelgau, Germany, late Toarcian, see also Gründel (2005: figs. 2/1, 3). D. New genus, new species to be described elsewhere, Buttenheim, Germany, late Pliensbachian; whole specimen (D1), early whorls (D2).
Fig. 11 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 11. Stratigraphic ranges of mathildoid genera with indications of some possible phylogenetic relationships.
Fig 5 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig 5. Type species and examples for the Jurassic genus Promathildia (family Gordenellidae) and protoconch of Falsoebala for comparison. A. Promathildia ziczac (Eudes−Deslongchamps, 1842), type species of Clathrobaculus, France, Early Jurassic; from Eudes−Deslongchamps (1843: pl. 11: 8, 9). Whole specimen (A1), last whorl enlarged (A2). B. Promathildia sp., cf. eucycla (Hébert and Eudes−Deslongchamps, 1860), erratic boulder from Vorpommern (NE Germany), Callovian; from Gründel (2000: pl. 1: 2). C. Promathildia sp., bore Usedom 3/63 (NE Germany), Late Bathonian, protoconch; from Gründel (1997: pl. 4: 48). D. Falsoebala compacta Gründel, 1998, bore Kłęby (formerly Klemmen) 1/37, Poland, Callovian, protoconch.
Fig. 3 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 3. Type species and examples for Jurassic genera of the family Mathildididae. A. Carinathilda carinata Gründel, 1997, bore Kłęby (formerly Klemmen) 1/37, Poland, Bathonian; from Gründel (1997: pl. 7: 98). B. Angulathilda calloviensis (Gründel, 1997), erratic boulder from Hohendorf near Wolgast 3/96/3, Germany, Callovian; from Gründel (1997: pl. 7: 98, 101). Whole specimen (B1), detail of the ornament (B2). C. Erratothilda erratica (Gründel, 1990), erratic boulder from Bauer−Wehrland, Germany, Callovian; from Gründel (1997: pl. 7: 104, 105). Whole specimen (C1), detail showing ornament (C2).
Fig. 2 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 2. Type species and examples for Cretaceous genera of the family Mathildidae. A. Gymnothilda levata Schröder, 1995, Wąwał, Valanginian; from Kaim (2004: fig. 113A1). B, C. Bathraspira pagodoidea (Kiel, 2006), Mahajanga Basin/Madagascar, Albian; from Kiel (2006: figs. 8.1, 8.2). Juvenile (B) and adult (C) specimens.
Fig. 10 in Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods
Fig. 10. Type species and examples for Jurassic genera of the family Tofanellidae. A. Conusella conica Gründel, 1999, Grimmen, Germany, late Pliensbachian. Whole specimen (A1) from Gründel (1999: pl. 8: 8); protoconch in apical view (A2) from Gründel (1999: pl. 9: 2). B, C. Reinbergia inflata Gründel, 2007, borehole Kb Rnb Gm 4/66 Reinberg, Germany, late Pliensbachian. B. From Gründel (2007: pl. 7: 6, 7). C. From Gründel (2007: pl. 7: 8).
Fig. 3 in Early Jurassic anoxia triggered the evolution of the oldest holoplanktonic gastropod Coelodiscus minutus by means of heterochrony
Fig. 3. Correlation between the shell thickness and shell diameter; by linear bivariate modelling using Ordinary Least Squares Regression in PAST3 (Hammer et al. 2001). A. The data show that the shell of Coelodiscus minutus is generally very thin and shows a linear increase with shell diameter; this linear increase is generally typical of shelled molluscs and is also present in modern holoplanktonic gastropods. B. The log-transformed data of the original measurements confirm the linear increase with shell diameter. Abbreviations: N, number of bootstrap replicates; n, number of measured specimens; R2, coefficient of correlation; p, permutation test on correlation (R2), using 9999 replicates.
Fig. 2 in Early Jurassic anoxia triggered the evolution of the oldest holoplanktonic gastropod Coelodiscus minutus by means of heterochrony
Fig. 2. Occurrence and morphology of the holoplanktonic gastropod Coelodiscus minutus (Schübler in Zieten, 1833), Posidonia Shale Formation, Lower Toarcian; Altdorf near Nuremberg, Northern Bavaria, Southern Germany. A. BSPG 2008 XXIX 36a, superabundance in the limestone concretions. B. BSPG 2008 XXIX 56f, lowspired shell, wider than high. C. BSPG 2008 XXIX 42a, elevated but somewhat depressed spire. D. BSPG 2008 XXIX 26a, abrupt transition from protoconch to teleoconch. E. BSPG 2008 XXIX 56c, fine spiral lirae separated by wide interspaces. F. BSPG 2008 XXIX 56a, opisthocyrt growth lines with the backmost point situated in adapical direction. G. BSPG 2008 XXIX 24a, growth abnormality represented by loss of ornamentation. H. BSPG 2008 XXIX 42c, growth abnormality represented by a swell of the shell. I. BSPG 2008 XXIX 62c, small specimen with well-preserved sculpture ensuring an attribution to C. minutus.
Fig. 4 in Early Jurassic anoxia triggered the evolution of the oldest holoplanktonic gastropod Coelodiscus minutus by means of heterochrony
Fig. 4. Fossil content beside the Coelodiscus minutus shells, Posidonia Shale Formation, Lower Toarcian; Altdorf near Nuremberg, Northern Bavaria, Southern Germany. A. BSPG 2008 XXIX 69h, articulated bivalve prodissoconchs of the order Pterioida. B. BSPG 2008 XXIX 1d, valve of the epifaunal bivalve Meleagrinella substriata (Münster in Goldfuss, 1831). C. BSPG 2008 XXIX 2b, valve of the epifaunal bivalve Oxytoma sp.
Fig. 1 in Early Jurassic anoxia triggered the evolution of the oldest holoplanktonic gastropod Coelodiscus minutus by means of heterochrony
Fig. 1. The lithology of the limestone concretion, Posidonia Shale Formation, Lower Toarcian; Altdorf near Nuremberg, Northern Bavaria, Southern Germany. A. BSPG 2008 XXIX 11a, ammonite floatstone with grain-supported matrix consisting of the holoplanktonic gastropod Coelodiscus minutus (Schübler in Zieten, 1833) and fecal pellets, cemented by sparry calcite. Each of the small bright dots represents a juvenile specimen of C. minutus. B. BSPG 2008 XXIX 5a, surface of the ammonite floatstone with superabundant specimens of C. minutus.
Fig. 3 in Gradual evolution of the Early Cretaceous marine gastropod Rissoina lineage in central Poland
Fig. 3. Rissoina (Buvignieria) sp. from the Wąwał section. A. ZPAL Ga.9/44, sample A5, lateral (A1) and apical (A2) views respectively. B. ZPAL Ga.9/46, sample C2, lateral (B1) and apical (B2) views respectively. C. ZPAL Ga.9/52, sample C1, lateral view. D. ZPAL Ga.9/48, sample I1, lateral (D1) and apical (D2) views respectively. E. ZPAL Ga.9/49, sample M1, lateral view. F. ZPAL Ga.9/54, sample F2, lateral view of the protoconch. G. ZPAL Ga.9/43, sample L1, close−up of the protoconch 1. H. ZPAL Ga.9/53, sample C1, apical view. Black arrow shows the demarcation between protoconch 1 and 2, white arrows show the demarcation between protoconch and teleoconch.
Fig. 2 in Gradual evolution of the Early Cretaceous marine gastropod Rissoina lineage in central Poland
Fig. 2. Temporal changes of Rissoina (Buvignieria) sp. in the Wąwał section. The mean value, standard deviation, p of Kolmogorov−Smirnov D statistic, and observed range for diameter at the first whorl of the teleoconch (D), whorl height between abapical and adapical suture at the end of the first whorl of teleoconch (SH), shoulder angle (SA), and apical angle (A). Note that in the lower part of the section where the environment is unstable only the ecophenotypic parameters (D and SH) change whereas the parameters SA and A, both signals of morphological changes start to evolve after the environment stabilizes. The Kolmogorov−Smirnov D statistic counted with PAST software (Hammer et al. 2001) gives roughly the same results.
Figure 5 in Old lake versus young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus )
Figure 5. EBSPs indicating population trends for the pooled Pontocaspian (blue) and southern Iranian (red) Theodoxus groups. The central line of each plot represents the median value and the shaded area indicates the 95% confidence interval. Note the EBSPs depict marginally different starting dates for each group when compared with the phylogeny. Importantly, however, there is a strong overlap of EBSP starting dates with the 95% HPDs established for the onset of intraspecific diversification in each group, as shown in the phylogeny (figure 3).
Figure 1 in Old lake versus young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus )
Figure 1. Representative phenotypes of the Pontocaspian and southern Iranian Theodoxus species studied herein. Pontocaspian: (a,b) T. pallasi (UGSB 20712); (c,d) T. astrachanicus (UGSB 18130); (e,f) T. pallasi (UGSB 18091); (g,h) T. major (UGSB 20482); (i,j) T. major (UGSB 20496); (k,l) T. schultzii (UGSB 20791). Southern Iranian: (m,n) T. doriae (UGSB 21706); (o,p) T. pallidus (UGSB 22228). Scale bar, 1 mm.
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